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Kernicterus:     more detail

Haemorrhagic and Haematological Disorders of Fetus and Newborn: Neonatal Jaundice, Polycythemia, Kernicterus, Haemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn Bilirubin guideline stresses increased awareness: would prevent kernicterus.(Clinical Rounds): An article from: Pediatric News by Norra MacReady, 2004-08-01 KERNICTERUS. Report based on a symposiun held at the IX INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PAEDIATRICS, Montreal, July 1959. by Andrew Sass-Lortsak, 1961 Kernicterus: Webster's Timeline History, 1937 - 2007 by Icon Group International, 2009-04-16 LETTERS.(The Real Cause of Kernicterus)(Just Walk On Out)(Tedious Committee Meetings)(Letter to the Editor): An article from: Pediatric News Kernicterus (Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience) by David W. McCandless, 2010-09-09 Pathology of Kernicterus and Posticteric Encephalopathy: Presentation of 87 Cases, with a Consideration of Pathogenesis and Etiology (AMAERICAN ACADEMY FOR CEREBRAL PALSY) by WEBB HAYMAKER, 1961 AAP Is Revising Hyperbilirubinemia Guidelines.: An article from: Pediatric News by Sally Koch Kubetin, 2001-10-01 Investigational drug looks good for hyperbilirubinemia: FDA panel debate.(Children's Health)(stannsoporfin): An article from: Family Practice News by Michele G. Sullivan, 2004-02-15 Screen doesn't prevent bilirubin encephalopathy.(CLINICAL ROUNDS): An article from: Family Practice News by Mary Ellen Schneider, 2009-10-15 Panel looks at chronic bilirubin encephalopathy.(CLINICAL ROUNDS): An article from: Pediatric News by Mary Ellen Schneider, 2009-10-01 Cry analysis in infants with Rh haemolytic disease (Acta paediatrica Scandinavica) by Maila Koivisto, 1987

lists with details

21. Incompatibilidad RH - Información General
    kernicterus; enfermedad hemolítica del neonato inducida por Rh; enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido.  
    http://pcs.adam.com/ency/article/001600.htm
    
    Extractions: Bebé ictérico Información general Prevención Síntomas Tratamiento Hidropesía fetal; kernicterus; enfermedad hemolítica del neonato inducida por Rh; enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido. La incompatibilidad Rh se desarrolla cuando existe una diferencia en el tipo de sangre Rh de la mujer embarazada (Rh negativo) y el del feto (Rh positivo). Como consecuencia, se forman anticuerpos anti-Rh positivos. Ver también incompatibilidad ABO Durante el embarazo , los glóbulos rojos de la circulación fetal se mezclan con la circulación materna. Si la madre es Rh negativo, su sistema no tolerará la presencia de células Rh positivas. Su sistema inmunológico trata a las células Rh fetales positivas como si fuesen una proteína o sustancia extraña y crea anticuerpos contra las células sanguíneas fetales. Estos anticuerpos anti-Rh positivos se desplazan a través de la placenta hacia el feto y destruyen los glóbulos rojos circulantes. Por lo general, el primer hijo no se ve afectado (a menos que la madre haya tenido embarazos interrumpidos anteriormente, los cuales podrían haber sensibilizado su sistema) ya que toma tiempo para que la madre desarrolle anticuerpos contra la sangre fetal.

22. Kernicterus -- ECureMe.com
    kernicterus, more about kernicterus, Bilirubin encephalopathy, excess bilirubin. This is a other symptoms develop. more about kernicterus,  
    http://www.ecureme.com/emyhealth/Pediatrics/Kernicterus.asp
    
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23. Kernicterus
    kernicterus is a rare neurological disorder characterized by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia) during infancy. kernicterus.  
    http://www.bchealthguide.org/kbase/nord/nord233.htm
    
    Extractions: It is possible that the main title of the report is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related Disorders section of this report: Kernicterus is a rare neurological disorder characterized by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia) during infancy. Bilirubin is an orange-yellow bile pigment that is a byproduct of the natural breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells (hemolysis). Toxic levels of bilirubin may accumulate in the brain, potentially resulting in a variety of symptoms and physical findings. These symptoms may include lack of energy (lethargy), poor feeding habits, fever, and vomiting. Affected infants may also experience the absence of certain reflexes (e.g., Moro reflex, etc.); mild to severe muscle spasms including those in which the head and heels are bent backward and the body bows forward (opisthotonus); and/or uncontrolled involuntary muscle movements (spasticity). In some cases, infants with kernicterus may develop life-threatening complications.

24. Kernicterus
    kernicterus. kernicterus is the technical name for the specific form of brain damage due to excessive levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream.  
    http://www.drhull.com/EncyMaster/K/kernicterus.html
    
    Extractions: Help for sleepless parents Encyclopedia Index K kernicterus Search kernicterus Ordinarily, substances toxic to the brain cells are kept safely bottled up in the bloodstream by the which relates to the fact that the lining cells of the blood vessels of the brain are very selective about what substances they allow to pass from the bloodstream into the brain tissue. Certain toxic substances, and even many drugs, are thus excluded from the brain tissue. bilirubin (the waste product of hemoglobin breakdown from old red blood cells) can harm the brain. This waste product selectively stains and damages the part of the brain known as the basal ganglia. These areas control the fluidity of muscle movement. Kernicterus is the technical name for the specific form of brain damage due to excessive levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Because of this dreadful possibility, jaundice in babies is monitored closely. There is no absolute level of jaundice that is guaranteed to be dangerous, but intervention (either phototherapy or exchange transfusion Because the damage inflicted by excessive bilirubin concentrations is directed chiefly against the basal ganglia and other areas of the brain (hippocampus, geniculate bodies, various brainstem nuclei, and the cerebellum) with their crucial role in controlling motor movement - kernicterus was once the leading cause of athetoid (writhing)

25. Kernicterus - LatinSalud.com
    Translate this page kernicterus es un tipo de daño cerebral que causa pérdida de la audición y parálisis cerebral atetoide, daño cerebral que causa movimiento incontrolable  
    http://www.latinsalud.com/articulos/00800.asp
    
    Extractions: Definición (*) Kernicterus es un tipo de daño cerebral que causa pérdida de la audición y parálisis cerebral atetoide, daño cerebral que causa movimiento incontrolable de la cara, el cuerpo, los brazos y las piernas. También causa problemas de la visión y la dentadura, y a veces puede producir retardo mental. Cuando se produce demasiada concentración de bilirrubina en el cuerpo de un recién nacido, la piel y la parte blanca de los ojos se vuelven amarillentos. Esta coloración se denomina ictericia. Cuando los glóbulos rojos mueren, se descomponen y queda la bilirrubina. Es normal que cada día mueran algunos glóbulos rojos. En los recién nacidos, el hígado puede no estar suficientemente desarrollado para eliminar rápidamente tanta bilirrubina. La ictericia es muy común en los recién nacidos y por lo general desaparece sola. Un grado mínimo de ictericia no representa un problema, pero en algunos casos, de no mediar tratamiento, los elevados niveles de bilirrubina pueden dañar el cerebro. Si bien cualquier bebé que no ha recibido tratamiento contra la ictericia corre el riesgo de contraer kernicterus, esto no significa que todos los niños con piel amarillenta presenten daño cerebral. Gran parte de los bebés con ictericia se recuperan solos. Si su piel está muy amarillenta, podrían necesitar tratamiento de fototerapia. Si la fototerapia no disminuye los niveles de bilirrubina del bebé, éste puede necesitar una transfusión.

26. Haemolytic Jaundice
    The fetus is protected because of placental removal of bilirubin, but following birth the rapidly rising SBR places the baby at risk of kernicterus.  
    http://www.cs.nsw.gov.au/rpa/neonatal/html/newprot/rhesus.htm

27. Kernicterus
    kernicterus, by Tracy K. Lischer, Esq. The disorder is called kernicterus, and it arises when yellow jaundice is not diagnosed and treated appropriately.  
    http://www.alllaw.com/articles/personal_injury/article17.asp
    
    Extractions: Find A Lawyer Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware DC Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Puerto Rico Calculators Child Support DWI Home Legal Topics ... Personal Injury KERNICTERUS by Tracy K. Lischer, Esq. Doctors, parents, and lawyers need to be alerted to the re-emergence of a preventable medical disorder that is once again affecting children. The disorder is called kernicterus, and it arises when yellow jaundice is not diagnosed and treated appropriately. The hallmark of kernicterus is cerebral palsy. Now that new mothers and their babies are discharged at 48 hours or less, before jaundice has peaked, cerebral palsy from this cause is on the rise. Before aggressive early discharge, this disorder had been virtually eradicated. For younger pediatricians, seeing a patient with full-blown diagnosed kernicterus is like seeing a patient with polio; they never thought it would happen.

28. Research@VCU
    Overcoming kernicterus. Most Dr. Shapiro also has worked extensively to implement a Virginiabased center for kernicterus treatment. Dr  
    http://www.research.vcu.edu/highlights/vcu_kernicterus.html
    
    Extractions: Hope for Hepatitis C Sufferers Overcoming Kernicterus Stronger Bones Access to Health Care ... Office of Research Overcoming Kernicterus Steven M. Shapiro, M.D., Associate Professor of Neurology at VCU, has been a leader in the diagnosis and treatment of kernicterus since 1984. Dr. Shapiro has received over $4 million in continued funding from the NIH for his work, and he was recently awarded over $950,000 for work over the next three years. Dr. Shapiro also has worked extensively to implement a Virginia-based center for kernicterus treatment. Many children with kernicterus have normal or superior intellectual capacities, but are trapped within bodies whose movements they cannot control, and which may be further complicated by hearing difficulties. Recently, implants in the inner ear (cochlear implants) have been successful in treating these hearing difficulties. Other advances, such as deep brain stimulation to treat movement disorders, will evolve as Dr. Shapiro continues to explore the causes and treatments for kernicterus.

29. UK Kernicterus :- Information On Medical Negligence Claims
    Jaundice and kernicterus Information on medical negligence claims using legal aid. kernicterus Medical Negligence. kernicterus Information. FREE ADVICE.  
    http://www.cerebral-palsy-solicitor.co.uk/kernicterus.html
    
    Extractions: Home Explanation Causes Risk Factors ... Contact Us Kernicterus is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream which can selectively damage the parts of the brain that have a crucial role in controlling motor movement. This can result in athetoid cerebral palsy which can also be associated with hearing loss, vision deficiencies and mental retardation. Bilirubin is one of the final breakdown products of haemoglobin contained in red blood cells and some newborn babies produce too much bilirubin which builds up and causes jaundice. Jaundice is very common in newborn babies however some babies have very high levels which can damage the brain and as a result any sign of jaundice should be monitored closely. Indications of kernicterus may include: Untreated jaundice may result in kernicterus however most babies with jaundice do not need treatment to make a full recovery. Jaundice is common in newborns as the liver is not sufficiently developed to efficiently remove bilirubin. Jaundice can be cleared using either phototherapy treatment or in more serious cases an exchange transfusion may be necessary. The risk factors include:

30. Specialist Kernicteus Medical Malpractice Lawyers And Attorneys
    Nationwide USA kernicterus settlements from specialist medical malpractice lawyers and attorneys. kernicterus MEDICAL MALPRACTICE.  
    http://www.cerebral-palsy.us.com/kernicterus.html
    
    Extractions: Kernicterus Any baby with untreated jaundice is at risk of kernicterus however most babies with jaundice get better by themselves. It is normal for some red blood cells to die everyday and in newborns the liver may not be sufficiently developed to efficiently remove bilirubin. The yellow colour does not hurt the baby's skin, but bilirubin in high concentrations can lead to brain damage. If a baby’s skin is very yellow, then either phototherapy treatment or an exchange transfusion may be necessary to stabilise bilirubin levels. There are certain recognised risk factors which include: If the baby has a sibling that had jaundice then there is increased risk that the newborn will have jaundice. A baby who has bruises at birth is likely to have jaundice. The healing of large bruises which involves the body processing red blood cells may cause high levels of bilirubin resulting in jaundice. Babies born before 37 weeks may become jaundiced because the liver may be under developed and unable to process bilirubinin.

31. Pediatric Pathology
    The yellow staining in the brain of a neonate is known as kernicterus. There is a coronal section of medulla on the left and cerebral  
    http://medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/PEDHTML/PED242.html
    
    Extractions: The yellow staining in the brain of a neonate is known as kernicterus. There is a coronal section of medulla on the left and cerebral hemisphere on the right demonstrating kernicterus in deep grey matter of hemisphere and brain stem. Increased unconjugated bilirubin, which accounts for the kernicterus, is toxic to the brain tissue. Kernicterus is more likely to occur with prematurity, low birth weight, and increased bilirubin levels.

32. Kernicterus Definition Of Kernicterus. What Is Kernicterus? Meaning Of Kernicter
    Definition of kernicterus in the Dictionary and Thesaurus. Provides examples from classic literature, search by definition of kernicterus.  
    http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Kernicterus
    
    Extractions: Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Noun kernicterus - an abnormal accumulation of bile pigment in the brain and other nerve tissue; causes yellow staining and tissue damage icterus jaundice - yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood; can be a symptom of gallstones or liver infection or anemia Legend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms Some words with "Kernicterus" in the definition: Icterus

33. Kernicterus Definition Of Kernicterus. What Is Kernicterus? Meaning Of Kernicter
    kernicterus; hydrops fetalis Infants may die suddenly of kernicterus.  
    http://www.thefreedictionary.com/kernicterus
    
    Extractions: Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Noun kernicterus - an abnormal accumulation of bile pigment in the brain and other nerve tissue; causes yellow staining and tissue damage icterus jaundice - yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood; can be a symptom of gallstones or liver infection or anemia Legend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms Some words with "Kernicterus" in the definition: Icterus

34. ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Neurological_Disor
    News about kernicterus More news about kernicterus . Books about kernicterus More books about kernicterus . Links about kernicterus  
    http://www.sciencedaily.com/directory/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Neurologica

35. E-gezondheid.be - Kernicterus
    kernicterus Vorm van geelzucht die het leven van de pasgeborene bedreigt. Bij kernicterus is deze leverwerking echter gestoord. Lever en milt zijn vergroot.  
    http://www.e-gezondheid.be/guide/article_8614_530.htm
    
    Extractions: Donderdag 3 Juni 2004 Medische encyclopedie Kernicterus Vorm van geelzucht die het leven van de pasgeborene bedreigt. De aandoening is gekenmerkt door het voorkomen van rode bloedcellen met kernen in het circulerend bloed. De aanwezigheid van kernhoudende rode bloedlichaampjes wijst op een versnelde afbraak van bloedlichaampjes. Normaal komt deze jonge vorm van het rode bloedlichaampje niet in het circulerend bloed voor. De geelkleuring van de kern is het gevolg van ophoping van galkleurstof in het bloed. Bij kernicterus is deze leverwerking echter gestoord. Lever en milt zijn vergroot. Het kind vertoont soms al binnen enkele uren na de geboorte een ernstige geelzucht. De stijgende hoeveelheid bilirubine vergiftigt voornamelijk de zenuwkernen in de hersenstam en de basale zenuwkernen van de grote hersenen. Het kind gaat daardoor zenuwstoringen vertonen. Het ligt met het hoofd achterover, is geheel verstijfd en kan stuipen vertonen.

36. Kernicterus Information Diseases Database
    kernicterus may cause or feature + (Follow Medical information linkskernicterus specific sites. Medical dictionary, library and search  
    http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb7161.htm

37. Kernicterus
    Peter Francis Geraci Since 1977 The law firm you trust. kernicterus. kernicterus is a type of brain damage that causes athetoid cerebral palsy and hearing loss.  
    http://www.infotapes.com/WebA/Kernicterus.htm
    
    Extractions: Kernicterus Kernicterus is a type of brain damage that causes athetoid cerebral palsy and hearing loss. It also causes problems with vision and teeth and sometimes can cause mental retardation. Causes THIS IS PREVENTABLE! NO INFANT SHOULD DEVELOP BRAIN DAMAGE FROM UNTREATED JAUNDICE! Call us Immediately at: and speak with one of our attorneys today! Next Page ©2003 PETER FRANCIS GERACI

38. KERNICTERUS - Meaning And Definition Of The Word
    Search Dictionary kernicterus Dictionary Entry and Meaning. WordNet Dictionary.  
    http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/kernicterus
    
    Extractions: Search Dictionary: WordNet Dictionary Definition: [n] an abnormal accumulation of ... damage See Also: icterus jaundice Biology Dictionary Definition: Kernicterus is a clinical syndrome afflicting newborns which is caused by high levels of unconjugated bilirubin which passes the immature blood-brain barrier of the newborn and causes degeneration of cells of the basal ganglia and hippocampus. An affected child displays a range of neurologic disorders: hypertonia , seizure, and cerebral palsy. In severe cases, death is likely. HOME ABOUT HYPERDICTIONARY

39. CPS: CPSP Resource Article Kernicterus And The Healthy Term Newborn
    kernicterus and the healthy term newborn As phototherapy. Of great concern are reports that cases of kernicterus are increasing.  
    http://www.cps.ca/english/CPSP/Resources/Kernicterus.htm
    
    Extractions: Kernicterus and the healthy term newborn R eprinted with authors’ permission, August 2003 Maxine Clarke, MD, FRCPC, Medical Director, NICU, Kingston General Hospital; Ann Mitchell, RNC, BNSc, MEd, Coordinator, Perinatal Partnership Program of Eastern and Southeastern Ontario (PPPESO); Robin Walker, MB, ChB, FRCPC, FAAP, Professor, Department of Paediatrics, University of Ottawa The evaluation and management of the jaundiced term newborn has changed significantly over the past several years and continues to present a challenge for practitioners, who must balance the risk of bilirubin toxicity leading to kernicterus, with the risk of over-investigating and treating healthy infants. Recent reports of increasing kernicterus have led to further discussion regarding the level of bilirubin considered detrimental to the otherwise healthy term neonate, whose jaundice is not attributable to hemolysis. Traditional guidelines for the evaluation and management of the jaundiced newborn were based on a population of infants who spent 3–5 days in hospital and were predominantly formula fed. Significant jaundice was almost always recognized and treated before discharge. Today, with shortened hospital stays of 24–48 hours and the increased rate of breastfeeding, bilirubin levels peak after discharge. Several reviews of early hospital discharge programs have found an increase in readmission of infants to hospital primarily for dehydration and jaundice requiring phototherapy. Of great concern are reports that cases of kernicterus are increasing. It is therefore important to consider identification of infants at risk, appropriate treatment and adequate follow-up.

40. Kernicterus
    kernicterus. kernicterus is damage to the brain centers of infants caused by jaundice. Newborn babies are often polycythemic , meaning  
    http://www.fact-index.com/k/ke/kernicterus.html
    
    Extractions: Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Kernicterus is damage to the brain centers of infants caused by jaundice . Newborn babies are often "polycythemic", meaning they have too many red blood cells. When they break down the cells, one of the by-products is bilirubin , which circulates in the blood, and causes jaundice. In adults and older children, jaundice is harmless in and of itself. But the tissues protecting the brain (the blood-brain barrier ) are immature in newborns. The bilirubin penetrates the brain, and literally stains the nerve bodies, causing irreversible damage. Depending on the level of exposure, the effects range from unnoticeable to severe brain damage

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