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Basal Ganglia Diseases:     more books (74)

Instrumental Methods and Scoring in Extrapyramidal Disorders Behavioral Neurology of Movement Disorders (Advances in Neurology) Extrapyramidal Disorders by Pierre Vinken, George Bruyn, 1987-02-01 Extrapyramidal Disorders in Childhood (International Congress) Psychotropic Drugs and Dysfunctions of the Basal Ganglia: A Multidisciplinary Workshop by George E. Crane, 1969 Papers on hemiballismus and basal ganglia, 1927-1960 by James Purdon Martin, 1960 Function and Dysfunction in the Basal Ganglia (Studies in Neuroscience) by A. J. Franks, James W. Ironside, et all 1990-05 Basal Ganglia. Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease Research Publications Volume 55 by Melvin D., ed Yahr, 1976-01-01 Extrapyramidal Disorders (Journal of Neural Transmission Supplementum) Hypokinetic Movement Disorders.: An article from: Journal of Neuroscience Nursing by Ellie Borrell, 2000-10-01 Backward inhibition in Parkinson's disease [An article from: Neuropsychologia] by C.L. Fales, Z.F. Vanek, et all Dopaminergic basis for deficits in working memory but not attentional set-shifting in Parkinson's disease [An article from: Neuropsychologia] by S.J.G. Lewis, A. Slabosz, et all 2005-01

lists with details

41. Syllabus Chapter 12
    Discussion of these basal ganglia includes reference to the subthalamic nucleus Agroup of neurologic diseases called extrapyramidal diseases, includes  
    http://medstat.med.utah.edu/kw/hyperbrain/syllabus/syllabus12.html
    
    Extractions: The objectives of this chapter are to: Understand the relationship of the basal ganglia to the cerebral cortex. Study the connections through which the basal ganglia affect motor function. I. Basal Ganglia Anatomy A group of brain nuclei are known collectively as the basal ganglia ( fig 12a The basal ganglia that are studied in this chapter are the caudate nucleus( ), the putamen ( ), and the globus pallidus ( Discussion of these basal ganglia includes reference to the subthalamic nucleus (nucleus of Luys) ( ) and the substantia nigra. ( The motor components of these structures are included in the extrapyramidal motor system , as this term is sometimes till used clinically. A group of neurologic diseases called extrapyramidal diseases, includes Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease . Most, but not all, movement disorders are due to dysfunction of the basal ganglia. One of their characteristic features is the presence of involuntary movements, for example, tremor and writhing movements. These abnormal movements are referred to as dyskinesias. Although there are attempts to develop a coherent explanation of the structure and function of the basal ganglia and their connections, these nuclear masses are still treated largely in an anecdotal fashion. Current ideas about the basal ganglia are based largely on neuropathologic case studies.

42. ORPHANET - Rare Diseases - Orphan Drugs
    with basal ganglia calcification, myelin abnormality, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)lymphocytosis and elevated CSF interferon (IFN)-alpha. The disease manifests  
    http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Lng=GB&Expert=51

43. Neurological Disorders: Brain Diseases: Basal Ganglia
    Neurological Disorders Brain diseases basal ganglia.  
    http://www.puredirectory.com/Health/Conditions-and-Diseases/Neurological-Disorde
    
    Extractions: Home Health Conditions and Diseases Neurological Disorders ... Brain Diseases : Basal Ganglia Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome Meige Syndrome Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome google_ad_client = 'pub-3272565765518472';google_ad_width = 336;google_ad_height = 280;google_ad_format = '336x280_as';google_color_border = 'FFFFFF';google_color_bg = 'FFFFFF';google_ad_channel ='7485447737';google_alternate_color = 'FFFFFF';google_color_link = '0000FF';google_color_url = '008000';google_color_text = '000000';

44. Notes On The Basal Ganglia
    substantia nigra pars reticulata to the superior colliculus and reticularformation. III. diseases of the basal ganglia 1. Parkinson s Disease  
    http://www2.umdnj.edu/~paneuweb/basgang.htm
    
    Extractions: Maintained by David P. Crockett . E-mail suggestions to crockett@umdnj.edu (revised 3/11/97 Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Room R-306, Telephone: 1-718-235-3404 PA Neuroscience Home Page 1. Diseases produce three characteristic types of motor disturbances: (1) involuntary movements, including tremor (particularly resting tremor); (2) poverty or slowness of movement without paralysis; and (3) changes in posture and muscle tone. 2. Terminology: The terminology is very confusing and has changed with time. It is now used to designate those structures which when damaged produce "extrapyramidal syndrome" (This too is a confusing term). Today the list includes: caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. a. Lenticular (lentiform) nucleus = putamen + globus pallidus (pallidum) b. Striatum (neostriatum) = caudate nucleus + putamen (common embryology and similar connections and identical histology, a functional term; anterior part of putamen fuses with the head of the caudate above the orbital surface of the frontal lobe) c. Corpus striatum = caudate nucleus + putamen + globus pallidus

45. The Human Brain Conference 2002 - Speakers And Abstracts
    basal ganglia. This is in contrast to diseases that interfere withmotor control and primarily affect the dorsal basal ganglia.  
    http://www.thehumanbrain.org/Haber.htm
    
    Extractions: The Structural Basis for Understanding Human Brain Function and Dysfunction +++ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE +++ ROME +++ IRCCS SANTA LUCIA +++ Oct. 5-10, 2002 +++ Home Greetings Overview (Calendar) Objectives ... Speakers Program Lectures Posters Workshops Educational Material ... Picture Gallery Suzanne N. Haber Presentation: Basal ganglia. The basal ganglia work in concert with cortex to orchestrate and execute planned, motivated behaviors requiring motor, cognitive, and limbic circuits. Its main driving force is cortex as indicated by a massive projection from all cortical areas. Historically, the basal ganglia are best known for their motor functions. This functional association was driven in large part by the neuropathology in the neurodegenerative disorders effecting the control of movement, such as that found in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Huntington's Chorea. In addition, while receiving input from wide areas of cortex, basal ganglia pathways were thought to return primarily to motor cortex. In further support of role of the basal ganglia in the control of movement, animal studies demonstrated several roles in motor and in sensory-motor integration. Although several new theories of general function have emerged from the enormous progress in understanding the anatomy, physiology, and behaviors associated with the basal ganglia, the actual role of the basal ganglia in executing goal-directed behaviors remains elusive. What is clear from the recent progress is that this set of subcortical nuclei work in tandem with cortex (particularly frontal cortex) via a complex cortico-basal ganglia network to develop and carry out complex behaviors. The present review describes the organization of the primate basal ganglia from the perspective of cortical function, in carrying out goal-directed actions. In some situations, when necessary, data is also presented from rodent work. We have integrated, whenever possible, the anatomical data with physiological and behavioral findings, thus emphasizing the functional organization of this complex network.

46. Young_research
    areas of research 1) The functional anatomy of the mammalian basal ganglia; and2) The role of excitatory amino acids in neurodegenerative diseases such as  
    http://neuro-oas.mgh.harvard.edu/alzheimers/faculty_and_staff/Researchers/young_
    
    Extractions: Our laboratory has focused on two primary areas of research: 1) The functional anatomy of the mammalian basal ganglia; and 2) The role of excitatory amino acids in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease. 1) The various nuclei in the basal ganglia have numerous anatomic interconnections that are a challenge to understand on a functional level. Through the combined study of the pharmacology/biochemistry and anatomy of the various pathways, a great deal has been learned over the last twenty years about how pathology in select basal ganglia circuits can lead to disorders as varied as Parkinson's disease, dystonia and Huntington's disease. We are determining the functional relationships between the various basal ganglia nuclei through a combination of lesioning, immunocytochemical, histological, receptor site and transport site autoradiographic techniques and by single and double label in situ hybridization methods of examining gene localization. Using these techniques, we have defined the cell specific expression of glutamate and GABA receptors. Studies on rodent and human basal ganglia are a focus of the lab. With the recent discovery of the Huntington's disease and dystonia DYT1 genes, we have been studying the expression of the genes in rodent and human tissue. In addition, we have demonstrated receptor specific changes in animals transgenic for exon 1 of the HD gene. We are now setting up single cell antisense RNA techniques to examine cell specific receptor and neurotransmitter changes in various animal models of neurodegenerative disease and human neurodegenerative disorders.

47. :: Ez2Find :: Basal Ganglia
    Guides, basal ganglia. ez2Find Home Directory Health Conditions anddiseases Neurological Disorders Brain diseases basal ganglia (19)  
    http://ez2find.com/cgi-bin/directory/meta/search.pl/Health/Conditions_and_Diseas
    
    Extractions: Any Language English Afrikaans Arabic Bahasa Melayu Belarusian Bulgarian Catala Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional Cymraeg Czech Dansk Deutsch Eesti Espanol Euskara Faroese Francais Frysk Galego Greek Hebrew Hrvatski Indonesia Islenska Italiano Japanese Korean Latvian Lietuviu Lingua Latina Magyar Netherlands Norsk Polska Portugues Romana Russian Shqip Slovensko Slovensky Srpski Suomi Svenska Thai Turkce Ukrainian Vietnamese Mode

48. Tutorials In Neuroscience
    MIGHT TRANSPLANTATION PLAY AS A FUTURE THERAPY FOR basal ganglia DISORDERS? Neuronalcell transplantation for Parkinson s and Huntington s diseases.” Br Med  
    http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mjawood/basal ganglia.htm
    
    Extractions: Tutorials in Neuroscience Essay and presentation Please write essays on the following basal ganglia topics (I don’t mind who does which), and be prepared to discuss (present) your topic for 15 minutes to educate and inform your colleagues. Overhead projector, whiteboard and any other aids you might need will be available. WHAT DO WE UNDERSTAND OF THE STRUCTURE (INCLUDING MICROSTRUCTURE) AND FUNCTION OF THE BASAL GANGLIA? Smith, A. D. and Bolam, J. P. (1990) "The neural network of the basal ganglia as revealed by the study of synaptic connections of identified neurones." Trends Neurosci Smith, Y., M. D. Bevan, et al. (1998). “Microcircuitry of the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia.” Neuroscience WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE? Accelerated in vitro fibril formation by a mutant alpha-synuclein linked to early-onset Parkinson disease. Nat Med. 1998; 4:1318-20 ( article Genetic dissection of familial Parkinson's disease. Mol Med Today. 1998: 4: 438-44. Understanding cell death in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 1998; 44(3 Suppl 1):S72-84. Review.

49. Chapter Eight
    ganglia Dyskinesia Disease of the basal ganglia I. Dyskinesia movements.III. diseases effecting the basal ganglia 1. Parkinson s  
    http://academic.uofs.edu/faculty/OAKESM2/chapter8.html

50. UR Faculty: Suzanne N. Haber
    Neuroscience. Research basal ganglia and Degenerative diseases. ContactInformation EMail suzanne_haber@urmc.rochester.edu. University  
    http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/GEBS/faculty/suzanne_haber.htm
    
    Extractions: Dr. Haber's laboratory investigates the chemical, molecular, and anatomical organization of the basal ganglia and how it integrates information from different cortical regions. The basal ganglia comprises a diverse group of structures involved in motor control, reward and motivation, and cognition. The consequence of basal ganglia dysfunction is emphasized in pathological conditions that involve it, from Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s Chorea, drug abuse and addiction, obsessive compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia.

51. Radiology, University Of Rochester Medical Center
    syndrome. The calcification seen in infectious diseases is usuallyasymmetric and not restricted to basal ganglia. basal ganglia  
    http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/smd/Rad/neurocases/Neurocase59.htm
    
    Extractions: and P-L Westesson MD, PhD, DDS Clinical Presentation A 21-year-old male presented in an unconscious state with a gun shot injury to the abdomen. Radiological Findings: Non-contrast enhanced head CT revealed dense hyperdense areas suggestive of calcification involving basal ganglia, thalamus, and dentate nuclei of cerebellum and gray white matter interface in the frontal lobe. Calcification was symmetrical in nature ( Figure 1A: Non-contrast enhanced CT head shows dense calcification involving basal ganglia and thalami. Figure 1B: Calcification is also seen in gray white matter interface of frontal lobe on both sides.

52. CNS - Diseases Of Motor Function
    Huntington s Disease (Chorea) hereditary disorder no treatment degenerativedisease involving basal ganglia cortex; Huntington s  
    http://www.mercer.edu/pharmacy/faculty/holbrook/dss2a2.html

53. HD-Iron
    of the diseases, and thus may be considered a putative risk factor. Published postmortemstudies suggest that the increase in basal ganglia ferritin iron may  
    http://hdlighthouse.org/see/treat/ironchelate.htm
    
    Extractions: Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2000 Jun;46(4):821-33, Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2000 Jun;46(4):821-33, Bartzokis G, et al. MRI evaluation of basal ganglia ferritin iron and neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's and Huntingon's disease. Interventions aimed at decreasing brain iron levels, as well as reducing the oxidative stress associated with increased iron levels, may offer novel ways to delay the rate of progression and possibly defer the onset of AD and HD. The basal ganglia contain the highest levels of iron in the brain and post-mortem studies indicate a disruption of iron metabolism in the basal ganglia of patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Iron can catalyze free radical reactions and may contribute to oxidative damage observed in AD and HD brain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can quantify transverse relaxation rates, which can be used to quantify tissue iron stores as well as evaluate increases in MR-visible water (an indicator of tissue damage). A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method termed the field dependent relaxation rate increase (FDRI) was employed which quantifies the iron content of ferritin molecules (ferritin iron) with specificity through the combined use of high and low field-strength MRI instruments. Three basal ganglia structures (caudate, putamen and globus pallidus) and one comparison region (frontal lobe white matter) were evaluated. Thirty-one patients with AD and a group of 68 older control subjects, and 11 patients with HD and a group of 27 adult controls participated (4 subjects overlap between AD and HD controls).

54. Paroxysmal Neuro Dysfunction/ Basal Ganglia
    diseases of the basal ganglia give certain types of movement disorderssuch as dystonia, choreathetosis, chorea, etc. diseases such  
    http://www.medhelp.org/forums/neuro/messages/30351a.html
    
    Extractions: Basal ganglia are responsible for control of motor movements, they act in concert with the cortex to smooth out movements. Diseases of the basal ganglia give certain types of movement disorders such as dystonia, choreathetosis, chorea, etc. Diseases such as mitochondrial cytopathies, Wilson's, Hunington's, essential tremor, Parkinson's etc have all been related to having a connection with the basal ganglia. Many mitochondrial disorders effect the basal ganglia, but not all. Even the same type of mitochondrial disease (i.e. MELAS) may or may not affect the basal ganglia.

55. UMMS Mind Brain And Behavior 1: Connections Of The Basal Ganglia And Associated
    are likely to play a role in emotion and cognition (recall the trio of problems thatare so often associated with diseases of the basal ganglia motion, emotion  
    http://courses.umassmed.edu/mbb1/2003/motor_BG/connections_BG.cfm
    
    Extractions: MBB1 Home 1. Reading 2. Pyramidal and Extrapyramidal Divisions 3. Levels of Motor Integration ... 7. The Ventral Striatum Motor System/Basal Ganglia 5. Connections of the Basal Ganglia and Associated "Extrapyramidal" Structures We will begin by considering important connections of the basal ganglia that function in movement. Later we will consider related connections that are likely to play a role in emotion and cognition (recall the trio of problems that are so often associated with diseases of the basal ganglia: motion, emotion, and cognition). First, let's see how six major structures - cerebral cortex primarily of frontal lobe, striatum, globus pallidus externus, globus pallidus internus, motor thalamus, and substantia nigra - are interconnected to provide the input to the pyramidal system. [A piece of terminology: striatum = putamen + caudate + ventral striatum; this last structure will be discussed later on]. KEY IDEA: Connections of the basal ganglia are all unilateral.

56. LEFT BASAL GANGLIA LACUNE
    Due to the dense concentration of neurons in the basal ganglia, a small the suspicionof pathologic processes such as demyelinating diseases, the vasculitidies  
    http://www.netmedicine.com/xray/ctscan/ct40.htm
    
    Extractions: LEFT BASAL GANGLIA LACUNE. View image This form of infarct involves small arterioles. In the acute phases of a lacunar infarct, the CT scan may be normal. As the infarct develops it becomes progressively lower in attenuation indicating its chronicity. Due to the dense concentration of neurons in the basal ganglia, a small lacunar infarct may have a dramatic clinical picture. The role of a CT scan in the initial phases of an infarct is essentially to rule out the presence of hemorrhage so that the patient can be anticoagulated. The presence of a very large hemispheric infarct may also preclude the possibility of anticoagulation. Such infarcts may sometimes be noted on the initial CT scan examinations. VENTRICULO-SULCAL PROMINENCE OF AGE. View second image Otherwise known as atrophy. Progressive loss of neurons within the central nervous system with age results in prominence of the ventricles as well as the cisterns when compared with normal age individuals. This does not correspond to the degree of cognitive function. However, the finding of ventriculo-sulcal prominence which is out of proportion to that of the patient's age should raise the suspicion of pathologic processes such as demyelinating diseases, the vasculitidies or chronic cerebro-vascular disease. The small arrow heads point to the sulcal prominence. The large arrows point to the prominent, frontal, temporal horns, the lateral ventricle as well as the prominent fourth ventricle in this order.

57. PillSupplier.com - Conditions And Diseases/Neurological Disorders/Brain Diseases
    Prilosec. Top Add a Resource Modify a Resource Search Login . Conditionsand diseases/Neurological Disorders/Brain diseases/basal ganglia. Categories  
    http://www.pillsupplier.com/dir/433/

58. RSNA 2003 - RSNA Event
    fiber connection among basal ganglia and to know how it works. To know clinical featuresand imaging characteristics of representative diseases involving basal  
    http://rsna2003.rsna.org/rsna2003/VBK/conference/event_display.cfm?id=66601&p_na

59. BJR -- Abstracts: Smith Et Al. 61 (730): 914
    To assess its potential for studying patients with diseases of the basal ganglia,a study of 15 normal volunteers and 32 patients with known or suspected basal  
    http://bjr.birjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/61/730/914
    
    Extractions: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. Technetium 99m hexamethylpropylene-amine oxime (HMPAO) is trapped by cerebral grey matter and the basal ganglia on its first pass through the brain. To assess its potential for studying patients with diseases of the basal ganglia, a study of 15 normal volunteers and 32 patients with known or suspected basal ganglia disease have been investigated. Sixteen patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease showed no abnormality of the basal ganglia and varying degrees of cerebral underperfusion consistent with their intellectual status. Eight patients with Huntington's chorea showed a characteristic pattern of reduced or absent caudate nucleus uptake.

60. Wauu.DE: Health: Conditions And Diseases: Neurological Disorders: Brain Diseases
    Wauu.DE Health Conditions and diseases NeurologicalDisorders Brain diseases basal ganglia.  
    http://www.wauu.de/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Neurological_Disorders/Brain_D

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