1. MedlinePlus: Viral Infections viral infections. Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on viral infections• Virus Diseases, General • Cytomegalovirus Infections. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/viralinfections.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Viral Infections Contents of this page: From the NIH General/Overviews Anatomy/Physiology Prevention/Screening ... Women Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Viral Infections: Virus Diseases, General Cytomegalovirus Infections You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: AIDS Chickenpox Common Cold Hantavirus Infections ... Infections From the National Institutes of Health Microbes in Sickness and in Health (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) General/Overviews Viral Infections Virus or Bacterium? (American Society for Microbiology) Also available in: Spanish Viruses and Some Virus-Like Agents (American Society for Microbiology) Anatomy/Physiology Viruses (American Society for Microbiology) Also available in: Spanish What is a Microbe? (American Society for Microbiology) Also available in: Spanish Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Cytomegalovirus Infections (National Institutes of Health) ClinicalTrials.gov: Virus Diseases

2. Infections know about all the common and notso-common infections. Click on any link below to view the article. Bacterial viral infections http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections

Every child gets sick from time to time. When your child isn't feeling well, you'll want to know how to recognize the symptoms, how to help, and when to call the doctor. Find out what you need to know about all the common and not-so-common infections. Click on any link below to view the article. Adenovirus Bronchiolitis Campylobacter Infections Cat Scratch Disease ... Yersinia enterocolitica Common Childhood Infections Candidiasis: Diaper Rash, Oral Thrush, Vaginal Yeast Infection Chickenpox (Varicella) Common Cold Ear Infections (Otitis Media) ... Urinary Tract Infections Ear Infections Ear Infections (Otitis Media) Middle Ear Infections and Ear Tube Surgery Swimmer's Ear (Otitis Externa) Eye Infections Dacryocystitis Pinkeye (Conjunctivitis) Fungal Infections (Ringworm, Yeast, etc.) Candidiasis: Diaper Rash, Oral Thrush, Vaginal Yeast Infection Infections That Pets Carry Pneumocystis carinii Tinea (Ringworm, Jock Itch, Athlete's Foot) Immunizations Facts and Myths About Immunizations Immunization Chart Is the Flu Vaccine a Good Idea for Your Family? Too Late for a Flu Shot? ... What Is Anthrax? Medical Tests Blood Culture Complete Blood Count Electrolytes Liver Function Tests ... Why Doctors Order Laboratory Tests Parasitic Infections (Worms, Lice, etc.)

3. Viral Infections, Infectious Disease Guidelines, NCID, CDC Infectious Disease Guidelines, By Topic. viral infections. Arbovirus. viral infections.Some documents are available here in Adobe Acrobat Reader format (PDF). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/guidelines/guidelines_topic_viral.htm

Infectious Disease Guidelines Contents Guidelines by Topic or Type of Infection Guidelines by Publication Date Infectious Disease Guidelines, By Topic Viral Infections Arbovirus Guidelines for Arbovirus Surveillance in the United States Division of Vector-borne Diseases; April 1993 PDF (554 KB) B Virus Recommendations for Prevention of and Therapy for Exposure to B Virus ( Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1 Clin Infect Dis. November 15, 2002; 35:1191-1203. PDF (135 K) Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome - United States: Updated Recommendations for Risk Reduction MMWR Recommendations and Reports. July 26, 2002;51(RR-09):1-12. PDF (7,216 KB) Hemodialysis, Infections Related to Recommendations for Preventing Transmission of Infections Among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients MMWR Recommendations and Reports. April 27, 2001;50(RR-05):1-43 PDF (387 KB) Hepatitis, Viral

4. Viral Infections - DermatologyChannel viral infections commonly result in skin lesions and rashes, sometimes of quite specific nature, depending on the individual virus. Viral eruptions can manifest in several patterns. Typically, a http://www.dermatologychannel.net/viral_infection

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement VIRAL INFECTIONS Overview Chickenpox Fifth Disease Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease Herpes Simplex Virus Molluscum Postherpetic Neuralgia Pityriasis Rosea ... FAQs CONDITIONS Acne Alopecia (Baldness) Birthmarks Blistering Disorders ... Blood Vessel Disorders Dermatitis (Eczema) Follicle Disorders Fungal Infections Lyme Disease ... Viral Infections RESOURCES Anatomy Clinical Trials Links MDLocator ... What Is a Dermatologist? ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials Viral infections commonly result in skin lesions and rashes. Typically, a rash occurs, and resolution is seen after the immune system clears the infection. This is a common pattern in children. Some viruses lie dormant in the host's cells and reactivate at a later time, sometimes years later. Another pattern is a chronic infection. Viruses can infect the skin by direct inoculation, by local spread, or by systemic infection. Viruses are microscopic organisms whose survival is entirely dependent on using the DNA of other living cells (called host cells) to develop and multiply. The virus growth cycle has four stages. First, the virus attaches to a receptor on the cell's membrane. Second, the virus penetrates the cell either by fusing with the membrane or by being engulfed by the cell and delivered into its interior. Third, the virus is transported into the cell's nucleus where the virus uses the host cell's DNA to reproduce. Finally, the infectious virus particles (virions) are assembled and released from the host cell. The length of this cycle varies and can last several hours to many years (latent infection).

5. JAMA -- Topic Collections : Viral Infections Peer Review Congress. viral infections. Citations 110 of 175 total displayed Topic Collections Home Show viral infections. collections from JAMA Archives Journals. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/collection/viral_infections

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery Student JAMA For The Media Classified Ads Meetings Peer Review Congress Viral Infections Citations 1-10 of 178 total displayed. Most recent content (2 Jun 2004): The World in Medicine SARS in China Joan Stephenson JAMA 2004; 291: 2534-c. [Extract] [Full text] Past content (since May 1998): Commentaries Learning From SARS in Hong Kong and Toronto C. David Naylor, Cyril Chantler, and Sian Griffiths JAMA 2004; 291: 2483-2487. [Extract] [Full text] Original Contributions Impact of Thimerosal-Related Changes in Hepatitis B Vaccine Birth-Dose Recommendations on Childhood Vaccination Coverage Elizabeth T. Luman, Anthony E. Fiore, Tara W. Strine, and Lawrence E. Barker JAMA 2004; 291: 2351-2358. [Abstract] [Full text] Vaccine Rumors, Funding Shortfall Threaten to Derail Global Polio Eradication Efforts Mike Mitka JAMA 2004; 291: 1947-1948.

6. Virtual Hospital: Infectious Diseases Of The Central Nervous System: Parenchymal Medical information on cerebral abscesses, syphilis, parasitic infections, fungal infections, viral infections, and CJD. http://www.vh.org/Providers/TeachingFiles/CNSInfDisR2/Paren.html

For Providers Infectious Diseases of the Central Nervous System Parenchymal Infections Gary Baumbach, M.D., Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Contents Cerebral Abscess Syphilis Parasitic Infestations Toxoplasma Malaria Cysticercosis Trypanosomiasis Amebiasis Fungi Viruses Arboviruses and Rickettsia Poliomyelitis ... Title Page See related Provider Textbooks about Neurology or Pathology See related Provider Topics Abscesses Bacterial Infections Brain and Nervous System Brain Diseases ... Pathology or Viral Infections See related Patient Textbooks about Neurology or Pathology See related Patient Topics Bacterial Infections Brain and Nervous System Brain Diseases Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease ... Pathology or Viral Infections Virtual Hospital Home Virtual Children's Hospital Home Site Map ... UI Health Care Home http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/pathology/CNSInfDisR2/Paren.html

7. Institute Of Food Science Technology Foodborne Viral Infections Institute of Food Science Technology Position Statement on foodborneviral infections. IFST Current Hot Topics. FOODBORNE viral infections. http://www.ifst.org/hottop12.htm

IFST: Current Hot Topics FOODBORNE VIRAL INFECTIONS (1), 49-51, March 1997). SUMMARY Foodborne viral infections are caused mainly by two types of virus, Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs, formerly named small round structured viruses (SRSVs) in the UK) which cause gastroenteritis and Hepatitis A virus which causes hepatitis. All foodborne viruses originate from the human intestine and contamination of food occurs either during preparation by infected food handlers or by contact with sewage sludge or polluted water. Control measures mainly depend on staff education and good factory and kitchen hygiene; food handlers suffering from symptoms should be excluded from work immediately and all staff made aware of the ease with which viral contamination is transmitted. The use of clean water for irrigation of crops that are likely to be eaten raw and cultivation of molluscan shellfish in sewage-free seawater are also essential to prevent viral contamination of food. THE PROBLEM Foodborne viruses are a common but probably under-recognised cause of gastroenteritis, and may often be the cause of outbreaks of illness. Human infection can occur either by the consumption of contaminated food, or from person to person through body contact or release of aerosols. Food may be contaminated by infected food handlers or by contact with sewage sludge or polluted water, and most confirmed outbreaks of viral foodborne illness have been associated with the consumption of shellfish that had been harvested from sewage-polluted waters. The greatest risk of foodborne illness occurs from catering operations preparing ready to eat foods, although foodborne spread is difficult to prove.

8. Foodborne Illnesses: Viruses Factsheet showing causes, symptoms and treatment of viral infections. http://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheets/HGIC3720.htm

HGIC http://hgic.clemson.edu Foodborne Illnesses: Viruses VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS Gastroenteritis means inflammation of the stomach and small and large intestines. Viral gastroenteritis is an infection caused by a variety of viruses that results in vomiting or diarrhea. It is often called the "stomach flu," although it is not caused by the influenza viruses. What Causes Viral Gastroenteritis? Many different viruses can cause gastroenteritis, including rotaviruses, adenoviruses, caliciviruses, astroviruses, Norwalk virus and a group of Norwalk-like viruses. Viral gastroenteritis is not caused by bacteria (such as Salmonella or Escherichia coli ), or parasites (such as Giardia), or by medications or other medical conditions, although the symptoms may be similar. Your doctor can determine if the diarrhea is caused by a virus or by something else. What Are the Symptoms of Viral Gastroenteritis? The main symptoms of viral gastroenteritis are watery diarrhea and vomiting. The affected person may also have headache, fever and abdominal cramps (stomachache). In general, the symptoms begin one to two days following infection with a virus that causes gastroenteritis and may last for one to 10 days, depending on which virus causes the illness. Is Viral Gastroenteritis a Serious Illness?

9. Viral Infections Channel Back Pain. Bacterial Infections. Bladder Cancer. Bone Marrow and PBSC Transplantation Urinary Tract Infections. Vaccinology. Vascular Disorders. viral infections. viral infections http://www.docguide.com/news/content.nsf/channel?OpenForm&dt=g&id=48dde4

10. Viral Skin Infections. DermNet NZ Viral skin infections information for patients. NZ DermNet is an online dermatologyresource for patients, GPs and dermatologists. Home viral infections. http://www.dermnetnz.org/dna.viral/viral.html

@import url("/common/screen.css"); DermNet NZ Ad Authoritative facts about the skin from the New Zealand Dermatological Society Home For patients For doctors ... Site map Search: Home Viral Viral skin infections Several common childhood viral infections cause widespread exanthems (rashes): Measles (morbilli) German measles (rubella) Chickenpox (varicella virus) Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum, due to parvovirus) Roseola (erythema subitum, due to herpes virus 6) Echovirus and adenovirus infections Other viral syndromes include: Pityriasis rosea Hand foot and mouth disease , due to coxsackie infection Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (papular acrodermatitis of childhood) is most often caused by infectious mononucleosis (Epstein Barr Virus) or hepatitis B. Laterothoracic exanthem (asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood or APEC), cause uncertain Haemorrhagic fevers caused by togavirus, bunyavirus and arenvirus are potentially fatal, with bleeding into the skin Smallpox , a deadly disease hopefully now eradicated by widespread vaccination Various skin complaints are more common with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections (AIDS) including Kaposi's sarcoma Localised skin conditions caused by viral infections include: Herpes simplex (cold sores and genital herpes Herpes zoster (shingles) Vesicular stomatitis (oral ulcers) Molluscum contagiosum Viral warts (verrucas and genital warts or condylomas) Orf Milker's nodules In the future, we expect to classify more skin conditions as viral in origin as more sophisticated tests for viral particles become available.

11. Viral Infections Improving your immunity today for better health tomorrow. Herpes viral infections. Respiratory viral infections. 1.888.217.2200 info@immunitytoday.com http://www.immunitytoday.com/immunity/virin.html

Herpes Viral Infections Respiratory Viral Infections info@immunitytoday.com Herpes Viral Infections Respiratory Viral Infections info@immunitytoday.com

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13. CDC - Human Herpesvirus-8 And Other Viral Infections, Papua New Guinea Dispatch Human Herpesvirus8 and Other viral infections, Papua NewGuinea. Giovanni Rezza,* Robert T. Danaya,† Theresa M. Wagner http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no5/rezza.htm

Past Issue Vol. 7, No. 5 Sep–Oct 2001 Download Article PDF Help Feedback Dispatch Human Herpesvirus-8 and Other Viral Infections, Papua New Guinea Giovanni Rezza,* Robert T. Danaya,† Theresa M. Wagner,* Loredana Sarmati,‡ Ifor L. Owen,§ Paolo Monini,* Massimo Andreoni,‡ Barbara Suligoi,* Barbara Ensoli,* and Edoardo Pozio* We studied residents of remote villages and the capital (Port Moresby) of Papua New Guinea to determine the distribution of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection. Our data suggest that HHV-8 has been endemic on the island for a long time and that the epidemiologic pattern of HHV-8 is more similar to that of herpes simplex virus-2 than hepatitis C virus. The distribution of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection and its main clinical consequence, Kaposi sarcoma (KS), appears to vary greatly by geographic area; however, its global distribution has not been determined ( ). HHV-8-related viruses have been found not only in lower African and Asian simians and South American primates ( ) but also in great apes, such as chimpanzees (

14. Protein Design Labs : Protein Design Labs Develops humanized and human monoclonal antibodies to prevent and treat variety of disease conditions including autoimmune disease, inflammatory conditions, cancers and viral infections. (Nasdaq PDLI). http://www.pdl.com/

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15. EMedicine Dermatology : VIRAL INFECTIONS - Online Medical Textbooks And Physicia Back to Dermatology viral infections. Dermatology viral infectionsArticles. Bowenoid Papulosis, (CME available). Chickenpox, (CME available). http://www.emedicine.com/derm/VIRAL_INFECTIONS.htm

Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: Dermatology > Viral Infections Dermatology - Viral Infections Articles Bowenoid Papulosis (CME available) Chickenpox (CME available) ... Institutional Subscribers

16. The Burnet Institute To conduct research into viral infections of public health importance, especially HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis A, D, C and E. To understand the replication and spread of viruses To develop improved methods for the diagnosis, treatment and control of the major viral infections of the Western Pacific region. http://www.burnet.edu.au

Search Sitemap Index Navigation links ABOUT US - Director's Page - Board Members - Newsletters - Media Activity - Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet Biography OUR PEOPLE - Search for Staff Email - Direct Phone Numbers - Employment Opportunities CONTACTING US - General Contacts - Seminar Series - Special Events SUPPORT OUR RESEARCH - How to Make a Donation - Bequests MFOLD PDF SERVER LINKS - Harm Reduction - Hepatitis - HIV/AIDS - Medical Research Institutes - International Health - University Affiliations SITE INFO - Site Search - Site Map - Site Index - Privacy Statement - Virology - Vaccine Development - Centre for International Health - Centre for Harm Reduction NEWS - Front Page News Privacy

17. EMedicine - Viral Infections And Pregnancy : Article By Brent Laartz, MD viral infections and Pregnancy Introduction viral infections in pregnancyare major causes of morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3270.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Infectious Diseases Viral Infections and Pregnancy Last Updated: February 5, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, CMV, herpes simplex virus, HSV, parvovirus B19, B19V, fifth disease, varicella-zoster virus, VZV, varicella zoster virus, coxsackievirus, coxsackie virus, rubeola, measles virus, Enterovirus, adenovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, erythema infectiosum, fifth disease, intrauterine fetal death, IUFD, intrauterine fetal demise, congenital varicella syndrome, CVS, congenital rubella syndrome, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine growth retardation, IUGR, pregnancy complications AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Background Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Brent Laartz, MD

18. The Use Of Echinacea In Dogs And Cats Echinacea, known as purple coneflower, may be used to treat bacterial and viral infections in dogs and cats. http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=0&cat=1448&articleid=1347

19. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 19, Ch. 265, Childhood Infections This Publication Is Searchable. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Section 19. Pediatrics. Bacterial Infections. viral infections. Miscellaneous Infections. viral infections. ( http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section19/chapter265/265b.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 19. Pediatrics Chapter 265. Childhood Infections Topics Bacterial Infections Viral Infections Miscellaneous Infections Viral Infections (For a summary of differential diagnosis of the more common exanthems, see Table 265-8. MEASLES (Rubeola; Morbilli; Nine-Day Measles) A highly contagious, acute viral infection characterized by fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, enanthem (Koplik's spots) on the buccal or labial mucosa, and a spreading maculopapular cutaneous rash. Etiology and Pathogenesis Measles is caused by a paramyxovirus. Measles (like chickenpox) is extremely communicable and is spread mainly by small droplets from the nose, throat, and mouth of a person in the prodromal or an early eruptive stage of the disease or by airborne droplet nuclei. Indirect spread by uninfected persons or by objects is unusual. The communicable period of the disease begins 2 to 4 days before the rash appears until 2 to 5 days after onset. The virus disappears from nose and throat secretions by the time the rash clears. Persons who develop mild desquamation after the rash are no longer infectious. Atypical measles syndrome usually occurs in persons previously immunized with the original killed virus measles vaccines, which are no longer available. Presumably, inactivated measles virus vaccines do not prevent wild virus infection and can sensitize patients so that disease expression is altered significantly. However, atypical measles syndrome may also follow immunization with live, attenuated measles vaccine, perhaps resulting from inadvertent inactivation due to improper storage.

20. Virus Infections Of The Skin viral infections of the Skin. MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM. The role of humoral antibodyin the containment of the primary viral infection is not clear. http://matrix.ucdavis.edu/tumors/viral.html

Matrix Index Viral Infections of the Skin MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM Molluscum contagiosum virus is a member of the poxvirus group. It is a large DNA virus which replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Serologically, it is distinct from the poxviruses vaccinia and cowpox. With experimental transmission to humans, it has been shown that molluscum contagiosum virus has an incubation period of two to seven weeks. Clinically, the lesions begin as minute papules. Individual lesions are discreet, smooth, pearly to flesh-colored, dome-shaped papules, often with central umbilication and a mildly erythematous base. Beneath the umbilication lies a white currant-like core which may be easily expressed. Lesions may be found on any area of the skin and mucous membranes. They are usually grouped in one or two areas, but occasionally occur widely disseminated. These lesions are usually asymptomatic, but occasionally patients complain of pruritus. Infection may be complicated by keratitis. Patients with atopic dermatitis and those with AIDS may develop widespread lesions. The histologic picture is that of hypertrophic and hyperplastic epidermis. Above a normal-appearing basal layer are lobules of enlarged epidermal cells which contain multiple intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. These inclusion bodies, which contain the viral particles, increase in size as the infected cell moves toward the surface. In the horny layer, the molluscum bodies are enmeshed in a fibrous network which dissolves in the center of the lesion.

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