61. Urology | Vesicoureteral Reflux | Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux. Print Format. vesicoureteral reflux. http://www.ucsfhealth.org/childrens/medical_services/urology/vreflux/conditions/

University of California, San Francisco About UCSF Quick Links... Admissions Appointments Billing Calendar Clinical Trials Clinics Conditions and Treatments Contact a Patient Contact Us Directions and Maps For Health Professionals Jobs Make A Donation Medical Dictionary Medical Tests News Patient Profiles Specialized Services UCSF Medical Center Volunteer Services Search Medical Services Urology Topics Vesicoureteral Reflux To Visit Us ... Events and Classes Vesicoureteral Reflux Print Format Vesicoureteral Reflux Signs and Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Signs and Symptoms Vesicoureteral reflux is the abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter, one of the two tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and up to the kidney. It is the most common problem found in children with urinary tract infections . Reflux is found in 20 percent to 50 percent of children who have had a urinary tract infection. It is dangerous because it allows bacteria that might be in the bladder to reach the kidney. This can cause a kidney infection or pyelonephritis, which can lead to kidney scarring or other damage. Normally, the ureter enters the bladder in such a way that urine isn't allowed to back up to the kidney. Reflux occurs when the ureter enters the bladder abnormally. The problem results because the muscle backing of the bladder doesn't completely cover the ureter and urine flows back toward the kidney.

62. Loyola Univ. Health Sys. - Urology - Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux. What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? vesicoureteral reflux occurs What Causes vesicoureteral reflux? There are many http://www.luhs.org/health/topics/urology/vesicour.htm

You are here: Home Health Information Health Topics Urology Vesicoureteral Reflux What is Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)? Vesicoureteral reflux occurs when urine that dwells in th e bladder flows back into the ureters and often back into the kidneys. The bladder is the hollow, muscular organ that stores urine before urination occurs. The bladder has three small openings: two connect the ureters where urine is drained down from the kidneys, and one connects the bladder to the urethra where urine exits the body. The ureters are funnel-shaped tubes that carry urine from the kidneys. Ureters enter the bladder at a diagonal angle and have a special one-way valve system that normally prevents urine from flowing back up the ureters in the direction of the kidneys.

63. Urological Disorders, Vesicoureteral Reflux More vesicoureteral reflux Categories » Submit Your Site to the vesicoureteral reflux category. Submit Your Site to the vesicoureteral reflux category. http://www.iseekhealth.com/vesicoureteral_reflux-2308.php

Home About Us Contact Submit Your Site Search : Home Health Conditions and Diseases Urological Disorders ... Vesicoureteral Reflux More Vesicoureteral Reflux Categories: Submit Your Site to the Vesicoureteral Reflux category Children's Hospital in Iowa - A description of vesicoureteral reflux along with information such as how to tell if your child has this, what it does, if surgery is necessary and the types. Children's Hospital, Boston: Patient Care - Information on the diagnosis and treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children provided by the Department of Urology. Digital Urology Journal: - An article about vesicoureteral reflux, what it is, the diagnosis, possible treatments and follow up. Pediatric Oncall: VUR - Find out more about vesicoureteral reflux and answers to commonly asked questions. Pediatric Urology Associates - A definition of vesicoureteral reflux, the main concerns, prognosis and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. Projectlinks Database: Vesicoureteral Reflux Hub - A brief definition, followed by links to overviews, full text articles, and research studies. RadiologyInfo - Pediatric Voiding Cystourethrogram - Parents can learn what a child undergoing the procedure might experience, how to prepare their child for the exam, how results are obtained and benefits versus risks.

64. Genitourinary And Kidney Disorders - Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) For a doctor who specializes in this topic, click here. vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? Vesicoureteral http://www.chkd.org/Urology/vur.asp

More Health Information Adolescent Medicine Allergy/Immunology Anesthesiology Arthritis Burns Cardiology Craniofacial Dental Medicine Dermatology Developmental Peds Diabetes Digestive Ear, Nose, Throat Genetics Gastroenterology Growth Hematology High Risk Newborn High Risk Pregnancy Infectious Disease Mental Health Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Normal Newborn Normal Pregnancy Oncology Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatric Intensive Care Pediatric Surgery Pediatrics Physical Medicine Plastic Surgery Respiratory/Pulmonology Rheumatology Safety Surgery Terminal Transplant Urology Site Search For a doctor who specializes in this topic, click here. Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? Vesicoureteral reflux occurs when urine that dwells in the bladder flows back into the ureters and often back into the kidneys. The bladder is the hollow, muscular organ that stores urine before urination occurs. The bladder has three small openings: two connect the ureters where urine is drained down from the kidneys, and one connects the bladder to the urethra where urine exits the body. The ureters are funnel-shaped tubes that carry urine from the kidneys. Ureters enter the bladder at a diagonal angle and have a special one-way valve system that normally prevents urine from flowing back up the ureters in the direction of the kidneys. When a child has vesicoureteral reflux, the mechanism that prevents the back-flow of urine does not work, allowing urine to flow in both directions. A child who has vesicoureteral reflux is at risk for developing recurrent kidney infections, which, over time, can cause damage and scarring to the kidneys.

65. Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux. What is vesicoureteral reflux? Reflux in the urinary tract means that urine is able to get back up into the http://www.med.wayne.edu/urology/DISEASES/vesicoureteralreflux.html

Vesicoureteral Reflux What is vesicoureteral reflux? Reflux in the urinary tract means that urine is able to get back up into the kidney after it has drained down into the bladder. The problem is seen more frequently in girls and is usually present from the time of birth. It may occur in one or both sides, and is more likely to be present in children with an abnormal or obstructed bladder. How is reflux discovered? Reflux is usually discovered because a child has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Also, it may be suspected because there is enlargement of the kidney drainage system on an ultrasound test done either before or after birth. The test that detects reflux is called the voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). This test is an X-ray of the bladder that is performed in either the radiology or nuclear medicine department. A catheter (tube) is passed into the bladder and the bladder is filled with a substance that allows us to see the bladder. Pictures are then taken until the bladder is full and the child urinates. If the x-ray material is seen in the ureters or kidneys then we know that reflux is present. Urination is an important part of the test, since sometimes reflux does not appear until the bladder starts to empty. That's why we do not usually give sedation or anesthesia to do this test. What is the significance of reflux?

66. C.moreover.com/click/here.pl?x153685853 c.moreover.com/click/here.pl?r153685853 CHS ~ 2001Present Questions and Answers Pediatric Urology Pediatric Urology vesicoureteral reflux (86). She then had a VCUG done which determined she had a grade 4 vesicoureteral reflux on the left side. http://c.moreover.com/click/here.pl?x153685853

67. Vesicoureteral Reflux- Medcohealth.com vesicoureteral reflux. Source ADAM, Inc. Updated December 2003. When the ureters enter the bladder, they travel through the wall http://www.medcohealth.com/medco/consumer/ehealth/ehsarticle.jsp?ltSess=y&articl

68. Urology - Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux. What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? vesicoureteral reflux the kidneys. What causes vesicoureteral reflux? http://uuhsc.utah.edu/healthinfo/adult/urology/vesicour.htm

Vesicoureteral Reflux What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? Vesicoureteral reflux occurs when urine in the bladder flows back into the ureters and often back into the kidneys. The bladder is the hollow, muscular organ that stores urine before urination occurs. The bladder has three small openings: two connect the ureters where urine is drained down from the kidneys, and one connects the bladder to the urethra where urine exits the body. The ureters are funnel-shaped tubes that carry urine from the kidneys. Ureters enter the bladder at a diagonal angle and have a special one-way valve system that normally prevents urine from flowing back up the ureters in the direction of the kidneys. When a child has vesicoureteral reflux, as this condition is most frequently diagnosed in infancy and childhood, the mechanism that prevents the back-flow of urine does not work, allowing urine to flow in both directions. A child who has vesicoureteral reflux is at risk for developing recurrent kidney infections, which, over time, can cause damage and scarring to the kidneys. What causes vesicoureteral reflux?

69. Genitourinary And Kidney Disorders - Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? vesicoureteral reflux kidneys. What causes vesicoureteral reflux? There http://uuhsc.utah.edu/healthinfo/pediatric/urology/vur.htm

Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? Vesicoureteral reflux occurs when urine that dwells in the bladder flows back into the ureters and often back into the kidneys. The bladder is the hollow, muscular organ that stores urine before urination occurs. The bladder has three small openings: two connect the ureters where urine is drained down from the kidneys, and one connects the bladder to the urethra where urine exits the body. The ureters are funnel-shaped tubes that carry urine from the kidneys. Ureters enter the bladder at a diagonal angle and have a special one-way valve system that normally prevents urine from flowing back up the ureters in the direction of the kidneys. When a child has vesicoureteral reflux, the mechanism that prevents the back-flow of urine does not work, allowing urine to flow in both directions. A child who has vesicoureteral reflux is at risk for developing recurrent kidney infections, which, over time, can cause damage and scarring to the kidneys. What causes vesicoureteral reflux?

70. Thomas Jefferson University Hospital - Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? Consult your child s physician for more information. What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? http://www.jeffersonhospital.org/e3front.dll?durki=5297&site=623&return=5273

71. Thomas Jefferson University Hospital - Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? Consult your child s physician for more information. What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? http://www.jeffersonhospital.org/urology/e3front.dll?durki=5297&site=623&return=

72. Continuity Clinic Notebook: UTIs And Vesicoureteral Reflux A. Evaluation by system 1. General. 2. HEENT. 3. Cardiopulmonary. 4. GI. 5. GU. UTIs and vesicoureteral reflux. Catherine deVries MD, Pediatric Urologist. I. UTI http://www.mcg.edu/pediatrics/CCNotebook/chapter2/urinary.htm

Medical College of Georgia Department of Pediatrics A-Z Index MCG Home Continuity Clinic Notebook: Chapter II. The Evaluation of the Sick Child Chapter 2 Index A. Evaluation by system: 1. General 2. HEENT 3. Cardiopulmonary 4. GI 5. GU UTIs and Vesicoureteral Reflux Catherine deVries MD, Pediatric Urologist I. UTI: Neonate: males more than females: only age group in which true. Circumcision: reduces incidence of UTIs (uncirc: 11.2/1000 vs cic: 1.1/1000) Pyelonephritis vs Cystitis: Age group affected: if under 2 years of age much higher incidence of pyelo with 1st infection Renal Scarring: best way to test: DMSA scan; ultrasound shows only 50% - the more episodes of pyelonephritis, the more likely get scarring. II. Work-up: Still controversial; all males with documented UTIs, all females under age two with first UTI, anyone with pyelonephritis. Uncertain about the 3-5 year old girl with signs and symptoms of cystitis. Tests ordered in addition to urine culture: Ultrasound and VCUG; DMSA if pyelonephritis is suspected. I II. Reflux:

73. Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux. What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? vesicoureteral reflux kidneys. What causes vesicoureteral reflux? There http://bonsecourshamptonroads.greystone.net/Content.asp?PageID=P01498

74. Ministry Health Care vesicoureteral reflux. What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? vesicoureteral reflux kidneys. What causes vesicoureteral reflux? There http://www.ministryhealth.org/display/PPF/DocID/19399/router.aspx

Locations/Maps Print Page Site Map Home Page ... Overview of Urogenital Disorders Vesicoureteral Reflux Search Home Page Overview of Urogenital Disorders Analgesic Nephropathy Bladder Cancer ... Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Vesicoureteral Reflux The Ministry Network Vesicoureteral Reflux What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? Vesicoureteral reflux occurs when urine in the bladder flows back into the ureters and often back into the kidneys. The bladder is the hollow, muscular organ that stores urine before urination occurs. The bladder has three small openings: two connect the ureters where urine is drained down from the kidneys, and one connects the bladder to the urethra where urine exits the body. The ureters are funnel-shaped tubes that carry urine from the kidneys. Ureters enter the bladder at a diagonal angle and have a special one-way valve system that normally prevents urine from flowing back up the ureters in the direction of the kidneys. When a child has vesicoureteral reflux, as this condition is most frequently diagnosed in infancy and childhood, the mechanism that prevents the back-flow of urine does not work, allowing urine to flow in both directions. A child who has vesicoureteral reflux is at risk for developing recurrent kidney infections, which, over time, can cause damage and scarring to the kidneys. What causes vesicoureteral reflux?

75. Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? vesicoureteral reflux kidneys. What causes vesicoureteral reflux? There http://www.stlouischildrens.org/articles/content.asp?pageid=P03119

76. Urology Offers New Treatment For Vesicoureteral Reflux Urology Offers New Treatment for vesicoureteral reflux. Phone 314.454.6034. The division of urology at St. Louis Children’s Hospital http://www.stlouischildrens.org/articles/professional.asp?ID=3355

77. Conditions And Diseases - Vesicoureteral Reflux Top Links vesicoureteral reflux Web Site Links. Digital types. vesicoureteral reflux A description of this disorder and who usually get it. http://www.disease-resources.com/Top_Health_Conditions_and_Diseases_Urological_D

Sub Categories Related Healthcare Subjects Disabilities Environmental Health Fitness Health Insurance ... Men's Health Vesicoureteral Reflux Web Site Links Digital Urology Journal: An article about vesicoureteral reflux, what it is, the diagnosis, possible treatments and follow up. Children's Hospital in Iowa A description of vesicoureteral reflux along with information such as how to tell if your child has this, what it does, if surgery is necessary and the types. Vesicoureteral Reflux A description of this disorder and who usually get it. A brief look at the types, testing and treatment. Pediatric Urology Associates A definition of vesicoureteral reflux, the main concerns, prognosis and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. Report of the Management of Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children American Academy of Pediatrics: The Report is available in PDF format from the American Urological Association. University of California Detail of what vesicoureteral reflux is, diagnoses, other tests that may be done, how and why is reflux graded, the causes, treatments and risk factors. Children's Hospital, Boston: Patient Care

78. Vesicoureteral Reflux - New Treatments, March 2, 2004 vesicoureteral reflux. vesicoureteral reflux is defined as the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and collecting system. http://www.medical-library.org/journals2a/vesicoureteral_reflux.htm

Click here to view next page of this article Vesicoureteral Reflux Vesicoureteral reflux is defined as the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and collecting system. Children who have a urinary tract infection (UTI) have a 45% incidence of vesicoureteral reflux. The incidence increases with decreasing age, and 65% of patients are females. However, in a male who has a UTI, the risk of reflux. Pathophysiology Vesicoureteral reflux may cause renal parenchymal injury, including segmental scarring, global renal atrophy, and Pregnancy may exacerbate already compromised renal function caused by reflux nephropathy. Diagnosis Radiologic evaluation should be undertaken when a urinary tract infection occurs in one of the following patients: UTI in a male UTI in an infant (under two years of age) Pyelonephritis in a female Recurrent UTI in a female Radiologic evaluation of the child with a urinary tract infection consists of a renal ultrasound and a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). If the child is not toxic, the VCUG and renal ultrasound should be done three weeks after initiation of antibiotics for UTI. However, if the child is toxic or hospitalized, the ultrasound should be done promptly in order to exclude the presence of an obstructive uropathy, which requires prompt urological intervention. Grading Grade I reflux is defined as retrograde urine flow into a non-dilated ureter.

79. Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux. vesicoureteral reflux indicates that when your child urinates, some of the urine flows backwards towards the kidney. http://rwjsurgery.umdnj.edu/urology/pediatric/vesico.html

Vesicoureteral reflux Vesicoureteral reflux indicates that when your child urinates, some of the urine flows backwards towards the kidney. This can lead to infections and sometimes will result in loss of kidney function. Reflux can only be diagnosed by a Voiding Cytsto Urethro Gram or a VCUG. This test requires that a small catheter be inserted into the child's urethra and that the child void while the radiologist takes a picture. If urine is seen flowing back to the kidney during voiding, reflux is diagnosed. Currently, it is recommended that children have a VCUG if they have had urinary tract infection. Older children may not need a VCUG if their kidney's are fully matured. There are 5 different grades of reflux. Grade 1 is the mildest form and Grade 5 is the most severe form of reflux. Sometimes a child will "outgrow" reflux, but this depends upon the grade of reflux and if it on one or both sides. After reviewing the VCUG, the chance of outgrowing reflux can be estimated. Once reflux is detected, children are placed on "prophylatic" antibiotics to see if they "outgrow" the reflux. These antibiotics can be given for years, because they are given in very low doses. They do not cause resistance or decreased immunity. If the reflux persists after several years of antibiotics, causes infections, or is high grade, surgery may be recommended. Grades of Reflux These are the five different grades of reflux that can be diagnosed during a VCUG study. the grade is based on the appearance of the kidney and ureter during the VCUG.

80. Re: Vesicoureteral Reflux Subject Re vesicoureteral reflux Forum The Urology Forum Topic Area Pediatric Urology Posted by HFHS MDJL on March 17, 1999 at 062815 In Reply to http://www.medhelp.org/forums/urology/archive/3850.html

Questions in The Urology Forum are currently being answered by by Kevin Pho, M.D., who is board certified in Internal Medicine. Dr. Pho has a private practice in Internal Medicine and is also affiliated with an academic medical center where he works in emergency and inpatient venues. Subject: Re: Vesicoureteral Reflux Forum: The Urology Forum Topic Area: Pediatric Urology Posted by HFHS M.D.-JL on March 17, 1999 at 06:28:15: In Reply to: Vesicoureteral Reflux posted by Lori on March 11, 1999 at 15:46:11: : I was diagnosed with a vesicoureteral reflux at the age 2 and a half. I had a grade four and have severe scarring on my right kidney. My 3 anmd a half old daughter has her first Urinalysis which shows blood in her urine. Her doctor is concerned about her developing my reflux and has sceduled a follow-up urinalyisis for next week. If that has positive results we will go for the rest of the testing. My question is, can she be "developing" reflux ( in other words is this genetic)? I also have a 12 month old son, should we be looking at him too if it is genetic whether or not my daughter has it? Please help me with this, I am frightened because of my past history and experience. Dear Lori

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