1. NINDS Multi-Infarct Dementia Information Page Good overview of dementia from strokes or other vascular causes. Maintained by the National Institute of Health http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/multi-infarctdementia_doc.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Accessible version Science for the Brain The nation's leading supporter of biomedical research on disorders of the brain and nervous system Browse all disorders Browse all health organizations More about Multi-Infarct Dementia Studies with patients Research literature Press releases Search NINDS... (help) Contact us My privacy NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health NINDS Multi-Infarct Dementia Information Page Synonym(s): Dementia - Multi-Infarct Reviewed 04-30-2001 Get Web page suited for printing Email this to a friend or colleague Table of Contents (click to jump to sections) What is Multi-Infarct Dementia? Is there any treatment? What is the prognosis? What research is being done? ... Related NINDS Publications and Information What is Multi-Infarct Dementia? Is there any treatment? Currently there is no treatment for MID that can reverse the damage that has already occurred. Treatment focuses on prevention of additional brain damage by controlling high blood pressure. What is the prognosis?

2. EMedicine - Vascular Dementia : Article By Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan, MD vascular dementia vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer disease (AD). vascular dementia. Last Updated November 7, 2002, http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3150.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Psychiatry Vascular Dementia Last Updated: November 7, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: arteriosclerotic dementia, atherosclerotic disease, dementia due to vascular disease, multiinfarct dementia, vascular cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, AD AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan, MD , Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Alberta Coauthor(s): Kamal Masaki, MD , Associate Director of Geriatric Medicine Fellowship, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, John a Burns School of Medicine Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan, MD, is a member of the following medical societies:

3. EMedicine - Vascular Dementia : Article Excerpt By: Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan, M vascular dementia vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer disease (AD). (advertisement). Excerpt from vascular dementia. http://www.emedicine.com/med/byname/vascular-dementia.htm

(advertisement) Excerpt from Vascular Dementia Synonyms, Key Words, and Related Terms: arteriosclerotic dementia, atherosclerotic disease, dementia due to vascular disease, multiinfarct dementia, vascular cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, AD Please click here to view the full topic text: Vascular Dementia Background: Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer disease (AD). The condition is not a single disease but a group of syndromes relating to different vascular mechanisms. Vascular dementia is preventable; therefore, early detection and accurate diagnosis is important. Patients who have had a stroke are at increased risk for vascular dementia. Recently, vascular lesions have been thought to play a role in AD. As early as 1899, arteriosclerosis and senile dementia were described as different syndromes. In 1969, Mayer-Gross et al described this syndrome and pointed out that hypertension is the cause in approximately 50% of cases. In 1974, Hachinski et al coined the term multiinfarct dementia. In 1985, Loeb used the broader term vascular dementia. Recently, Bowler and Hachinski introduced a new term, vascular cognitive impairment. Pathophysiology: Many subtypes of vascular dementia have been described to date. They include (1) multiinfarct dementia, (2) vascular dementia due to a strategic single infarct, (3) vascular dementia due to lacunar lesions, (4) vascular dementia due to hemorrhagic lesions, and (5) Binswanger disease.

4. 4th International Congress On Vascular Dementia, Porto, Portugal, 20-23 October 4th International Congress on vascular dementia aspects of vascular dementia will be discussed, specific psychological markers identified and the overlap with http://www.kenes.com/vascular/

Home Committees Greetings Topics ... Links Interest Form To be included in the congress' mailing list, please complete the interest form. Click here for the form Kenes International 17 Rue du cendrier P.O. Box 1726 CH-1211 Geneva 1 Switzerland Tel: +41 22 908 0488 Fax: +41 22 732 2850 Email: vascular@kenes.com Previous Congresses Third International Congress on Vascular Dementia Prague, Czech Republic 23-26 October 2003 Second International Congress on Vascular Dementia ... January 24-27, 2002

5. Vascular Dementia Alzheimer's Outreach An article about vascular dementia. Includes a definition, the types, diagnosis, progression, prevention and treatment. http://www.zarcrom.com/users/alzheimers/odem/d4.html

Vascular Dementia Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia, accounting for about 20 per cent of all cases by itself and up to another 20 per cent in combination with Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease alone accounts for about 50 per cent. It usually affects people between the ages of 60 and 75 and is slightly more common in men than women. Vascular dementia is a term for dementia associated with problems in the circulation of blood to the brain (cerebrovascular disease). It encompasses a wide range of diseases or disorders, the principal feature of which is loss of intellectual abilities. Unlike with most forms of Alzheimer’s disease, the cause of vascular dementia is known. If blood vessels in the brain burst (cerebral haemorrhage), if arteries blocked by plaque formation or clots (thrombosis or embolism), or if there is insufficient blood flow to parts of the brain (ischaemia) brain tissue will die. This is often called a stroke. It is thought that about a fifth of people who have strokes will develop problems involving their mental abilities including dementia. The risk factors for vascular dementia are those associated with all forms of stroke, the most significant of which is high blood pressure (hypertension). Brain tissue may also die due to disease in the blood vessels. Following is an overview of types of vascular dementia, causes, diagnosis and progression. However, it is important to note that unlike with most Alzheimer’s cases, vascular dementia can be very difficult to distinguish from other forms of dementia and many researchers still do not agree on the various “types” of vascular dementia.

6. BehaveNet® Clinical Capsule™: Vascular Dementia DSMIV vascular dementia. When there is evidence that Dementia is caused by cardiovascular disease this Diagnostic criteria for 290.4x vascular dementia ( cautionary statement) http://www.behavenet.com/capsules/disorders/vasculardem.htm

BehaveNet DSM-IV: Vascular Dementia When there is evidence that Dementia is caused by cardiovascular disease this diagnosis may apply. Computed imaging studies of the brain, such as CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), can usually detect evidence of vascular lesions. Diagnostic criteria for 290.4x Vascular Dementia cautionary statement A. The development of multiple cognitive deficits manifested by both memory impairment (impaired ability to learn new information or to recall previously learned information) (2) one (or more) of the following cognitive disturbances: (a) aphasia (language disturbance) (b) apraxia (impaired ability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function) (c) agnosia (failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function) (d) disturbance in executive functioning (i.e., planning, organizing, sequencing, abstracting) B. The cognitive deficits in Criteria A1 and A2 each cause significant impairment in social or occupational functioning and represent a significant decline from a previous level of functioning. C. Focal neurological

7. Www.alzwisc.org; Vascular Dementia. Information about vascular dementia. In fact, isolated vascular dementia is uncommon. It occurs more frequently as a mixed dementia, such as vascular dementia and Alzheimers disease http://www.alzwisc.org/vasculardem.html

South Central Wisconsin Chapter, Serving Columbia, Dane, Grant, Green, Iowa, Lafayette, Richland, and Sauk Counties. Vascular dementia. ascular dementia is a general term for thinking impairment resulting from disruptions in the brain’s blood supply to cells involved in memory, reasoning, and emotion. The most frequently diagnosed type of vascular dementia is multi-infarct dementia, in which a series of small strokes block small arteries causing the destruction of brain tissue. The onset may appear sudden as it may take many strokes for symptoms to appear. These strokes may damage areas of the brain responsible for a specific function as well as producing general symptoms of dementia. As a result, many characteristic symptoms of vascular dementia mimic symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. In fact, “isolated” vascular dementia is uncommon. It occurs more frequently as a mixed dementia, such as vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Symptoms may include problems with recent memory, episodes of confusion, wandering or getting lost in familiar places, difficulty following instructions, apathy, sudden personality or mood change, laughing or crying inappropriately, difficulty walking, falls, rigidity or increased reflexes.

8. Vascular Dementia Clinical description and diagnostic guidelines for this disorder. http://www.informatik.fh-luebeck.de/icd/icdchVF-F01.html

9. Vascular Dementia In Cerebrovascular Disease vascular dementia in cerebrovascular disease This page presents scans of the effects of vascular dementia on the brain. The user can click on the sagittal image to select the slice, the thin http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case18/

10. Topic 12 Vascular Dementia NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health. vascular dementia Get Web page suited for printing Email this to a friend or colleague. Session Chairs. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/neural_environment/stroke_prg/topic12.htm

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Accessible version Science for the Brain The nation's leading supporter of biomedical research on disorders of the brain and nervous system Funding Resources Funding overview Funding strategy Funding opportunities Grant mechanisms ... Topics of special interest Program Areas Clinical Trials Neural Environment Neurodegeneration Neurogenetics ... Technology Development Search NINDS... (help) Contact us My privacy NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health Vascular Dementia Get Web page suited for printing Email this to a friend or colleague Session Chairs Philip V. Gorelick Constantino Iadecola Contact: Barbara Radziszewska Start time 2:30 p.m. End time 5:00 p.m. Participants Helena C. Chui Frank M. Faraci Steven A. Greenberg Kenneth Rockwood Gary A. Rosenberg Lennart Mucke Gustavo C. Roman Ingmar Skoog Reviewed June 28, 2001 Home About NINDS Disorders Funding ... Accessibility

11. Alzheimer's Society Information Sheet - What Is Vascular Dementia? What is vascular dementia? Download PDF file. vascular dementia affects around a quarter of people with dementia in the UK. http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/Facts_about_dementia/What_is_dementia/info_vascular

breadCrumbs("http://www.alzheimers.org.uk","/","index.htm","crumb","crumb","crumb","0"); Helpline / Ask a question Contact us Make a donation Membership ... Fundraising events What is vascular dementia? Vascular dementia affects around a quarter of people with dementia in the UK. This information outlines some of the causes and symptoms of vascular dementia, and offers some suggestions on how to reduce the risk of developing the condition. What causes vascular dementia? Vascular dementia occurs when cells in the brain are deprived of oxygen. The brain is supplied with oxygen by a network of blood vessels called the vascular system. If there is a blockage in the vascular system, or if it is diseased, blood is prevented from reaching the brain. As a result, cells in the brain die, leading to the symptoms of dementia. What are the causes of vascular disease? Vascular disease is caused by many factors. Our lifestyle, what we eat, how much we drink and smoke all affect whether we are likely to develop vascular disease. Some types of vascular disease are hereditary. People with high blood pressure, a high level of fats in their blood and diabetes are at risk of developing vascular disease.

12. Multi-infarct Dementia - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia dementia) Multiinfarct dementia, also known as vascular dementia, is a form of dementia resulting from people with multi-infarct dementia often experience repeated strokes or http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_dementia

Multi-infarct dementia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Vascular dementia Multi-infarct dementia , also known as vascular dementia , is a form of dementia resulting from brain damage caused by stroke or transient ischemic attacks (also known as mini-strokes). The specific symptoms will depend on the part of the brain damaged by the stroke or mini-stroke. Since people with multi-infarct dementia often experience repeated strokes or mini-strokes, the disease often progresses in noticeable steps, with additional symptoms suddenly appearing following a stroke or mini-stroke, which may not be recognized. Binswanger's disease is a rare form of multi-infarct dementia caused by damage to deep white matter . It is characterized by loss of memory and intellectual function and by changes in mood. Views Article Discussion Edit History Personal tools Log in Navigation Main Page Community portal Current events Recent changes ... Donations Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Special pages This page was last modified 19:23, 25 Aug 2003. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (see for details).

13. SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON VASCULAR DEMENTIA [ Home Page ] The congress will discuss aspects of vascular dementia, identify specific psychological markers and the overlap with Alzheimer s disease. http://www.kenes.com/vascular2002/

Home Page Committees Acknowledgements List of Topics ... Timetable Last update:11/02/2002 The Second International Congress on Vascular Dementia was forced, due to the tragic events of September 11 2001, to move its location and dates only two weeks before the original opening date of October 4-7, 2001. The new dates and location (Salzburg, Austria, January 2002) proved to be a Hugh success with a turn over of more then 600 participants from 44 countries. Future meetings Third International Congress on Vascular Dementia Prague, Czech Republic 23-26 October, 2003 Forth Internaional Congress on Vascular Dementia Amsterdam, The Netherlands MORE INTERNET RESOURCES: www.healthatoz.com www.healthandage.com www.alzheimers.org.uk www.alzheimer-europe.org

14. Vascular Dementia Trial What is vascular dementia? vascular dementia is the broad term for dementia associated with problems of pressure probably helps to prevent vascular dementia. It accounts for almost http://www.vasculardementiatrial.com/

Types Alzheimer Causes Symptoms ... Home Welcome to Vascular Dementia Trial What is Vascular dementia? Vascular dementia is the broad term for dementia associated with problems of the circulation of blood to the brain. It also called "multi-infarct dementia" is the most common subtype under "Dementias Caused by Other Medical Conditions" in the DSM-IV system. It is the result of emboli (obstructions to blood flow) in the brain; the most common emboli are blood clots. These produce what would be commonly referred to as "strokes," if they occurred on a detectable scale. The emboli cause a destruction of brain tissue in areas where the blood supply to brain cells is interrupted. High blood pressure increases the probability that emboli will develop; hence control of blood pressure probably helps to prevent vascular dementia. It accounts for almost 20% of all cases of dementia, with at least another 20% of people having both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia (Brown 1993)1 . This means that there could be about 11,000 – 12,000 people in Scotland with vascular dementia and another 11,000 – 12,000 people with vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. It usually affects people between the ages of 60-75 years and is slightly more common in men than women. Vascular dementia is due to the accumulation of multiple strokes in the brain. The strokes may not be obvious; they may only be detected by a brain image such as MRI or CT scan. The strokes usually are small, and accumulate in the white matter below the surface of the brain. This white matter is named so because it contains a white substance called myelin that insulates the nerve fibers interconnecting different brain regions. Hence, vascular dementia produces disconnections between different brain regions, resulting in a progressive decline of the affected brain functions. Vascular dementia often preferentially affects the frontal lobe, producing symptoms mediated by the frontal lobe including depression, poor judgment, reduction in speech, attention problems, difficulty shifting between tasks, and difficulty performing complex tasks.

15. Vascular Dementia Overlay Slice 20 HomeHelpClinical, Slice 20. Click on sagittal image to select slice. Click on thin tickmark to change timepoint, or thick tickmark for overlay. http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case18/mr1-tc1/020.html

Home Help Clinical Slice 20 Click on sagittal image to select slice. Click on thin tickmark to change timepoint, or thick tickmark for overlay. Keith A. Johnson (keith@bwh.harvard.edu), J. Alex Becker (jabecker@mit.edu)

16. Vascular Dementia vascular dementia. The patient was a 76 year old woman who had a history of porcine valve replacement for aortic stenosis and stroke http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case18/case.html

Vascular Dementia The patient was a 76 year old woman who had a history of porcine valve replacement for aortic stenosis and stroke with left hemiparesis, who became withdrawn and suspicious of her surroundings. She had an abrupt decline in memory function and processing speed at the time of the stroke, but had shown some improvement and was living independently. Images show evidence of an old "slit hemorrhage" in the right basel ganglia (lateral putamen, here ), as well as several other small deep white and grey matter lesions which probably represent infarction. The perfusion pattern is consistent with vascular disease as well, since multiple perfusion defects can be seen throughout the brain. Some details have been altered to protect confidentiality. Keith A. Johnson (keith@bwh.harvard.edu), J. Alex Becker (jabecker@mit.edu)

17. Pharmaceutical Research And Manufacturers Of America Mitochondrial Disease. mixed and vascular dementia. Molluscom Contagiosum. Mood Disorder Varicella, Prophylaxis. vascular dementia. Vascular inflamation. Venous Stasis Ulcers http://www.phrma.org/newmedicines/newmedsdb/drugs.cfm?indicationcode=Vascular De

18. EMJA: Sachdev Et Al, Vascular Dementia: Diagnosis, Management And Possible Preve Review vascular dementia diagnosis, management and possible prevention. Back to text. 1 Risk factors for vascular dementia. Sociodemographic. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/jan18/sachdev/sachdev.html

Home Issues Classifieds Contact ... Search Review Vascular dementia: diagnosis, management and possible prevention There has been a recent upsurge of interest in the clinical features of and risk factors for vascular dementia, and consensus is emerging on its diagnostic characteristics. We discuss these features and risk factors and the main intervention strategies, both for treatment and prevention. Perminder S Sachdev, Henry Brodaty and Jeffrey C L Looi MJA Introduction Definition Epidemiology Clinical-pathological correlates and pathogenesis ... More articles on Geriatrics Introduction Developments in the past three decades have led to a radical rethinking of the association between cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and dementia, and set the stage for a reconceptualisation of dementia from vascular causes. We will review recent developments in the concept of vascular dementia (VaD), and discuss its importance as a common, and potentially preventable, form of dementia. Definition There are two obvious steps in the diagnosis of VaD diagnosis of dementia per se and establishment of its vascular aetiology. Dementia is defined as a multifaceted decline in cognitive functioning causing impaired functioning in daily life.

19. Alzheimer Disease: Related Dementias, Vascular Dementia, Stroke vascular dementia. Note If you plan to print this page, please also print the introduction page to Related Dementias. What is vascular dementia? http://www.alzheimer.ca/english/disease/dementias-vascular.htm

In this section: Introduction Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Lewy body Dementia Pick's Disease ... Vascular Dementia Related page: What Is Alzheimer Disease? Vascular Dementia [Note: If you plan to print this page, please also print the introduction page to Related Dementias. It provides an overview of dementias related to Alzheimer Disease.] What is Vascular Dementia? Vascular Dementia (VaD) is the result of a single or multiple strokes. A stroke is the main area of damaged brain caused by a loss of blood flow. Strokes can be large or small, and can have a cumulative effect (each stroke adding further to the problem). Strokes may alter the person's ability to walk, cause weakness in an arm or leg, slurred speech or emotional outbursts. How does Vascular Dementia affect the person?

20. Vascular Dementia vascular dementia A diagnosis of dementia does not always mean an unavoidable decline. One of those other diseases is vascular dementia. http://www.memorylossonline.com/pastissues/summer2000/vasculardementia.html

Summer 2000 From The Editor Memory News Vascular Dementia Crossing The Line ... Memory Tip Vascular Dementia A diagnosis of dementia does not always mean an unavoidable decline. One of the most feared consequences of aging is dementia , a set of symptoms marked by profound memory loss and impaired thinking. Thanks to a lot of research and public education, most people are aware that dementia is not an inevitable part of growing older. In fact, it is most often the result of a specific illness, Alzheimer's disease , that strikes many-but by no means all-people in their senior years. The bottom line is that aging does not necessarily lead to "senility," unless Alzheimer's or some other disease is present. One of those "other" diseases is vascular dementia . It is probably the second leading cause of dementia, but has been somewhat overshadowed by the more well-known Alzheimer's disease. Caused by blockages and breaches in the brain's blood supply that damage the brain, vascular dementia can be prevented and, in some cases, even reversed. Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's The cardinal sign of dementia is a decline in a person's normal intellectual functionsmost notably, a decline in

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