21. Postgraduate Medicine: Valvular Heart Disease And Pregnancy valvular heart disease and pregnancy. A high index of suspicion is important to reduce risks. Special concerns with valvular heart disease. http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/2001/08_01/prasad.htm

Valvular heart disease and pregnancy A high index of suspicion is important to reduce risks Ananth K. Prasad, MD; Hector O. Ventura, MD VOL 110 / NO 2 / AUGUST 2001 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To understand the physiologic changes during pregnancy To comprehend the impact of valvular heart disease during pregnancy To be able to diagnose and manage patients with valvular heart disease during pregnancy The authors disclose no financial interest in this article. This is the fourth of four articles on valvular heart disease. This page is best viewed with a browser that supports tables. Preview : Valvular heart disease is often first recognized during pregnancy, when increased demands on the heart trigger symptoms. The profound hemodynamic changes associated with pregnancy have marked effects on patients with this disease and require special attention and care. In this article, Drs Prasad and Ventura discuss possible causes, clinical manifestations, and management of valvular heart disease during pregnancy. Prasad AK, Ventura HO. Valvular heart disease and pregnancy: a high index of suspicion is important to reduce risks. Postgrad Med 2001;110(2):69-88

22. The Howard Gilman Institute For Valvular Heart Diseases of physicians and researchers at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University has been pushing the frontiers of valvular heart disease research, evaluation http://www.gilmanheartvalve.org/

For more than 20 years, a team of physicians and researchers at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University has been pushing the frontiers of valvular heart disease research, evaluation and treatment. Today, the benefits of their labors are available at The Howard Gilman Institute for Valvular Heart Diseases of the Weill Medical College of Cornell University. The Institute and its William and Donna Acquavella Diagnostic Suite help cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons and other physicians take advantage of the most current concepts in evaluation and treatment of patients with heart valve diseases. The Howard Gilman Institute for Valvular Heart Diseases ..opening the doors to a healthy heart.... The Howard Gilman Institute for Valvular Heart Diseases of the Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York - Presbyterian Hospital New York Weill Cornell Center 525 East 68th Street New York, NY 10021

23. Valves In The Big Apple Conference 2002 Valves in the Heart of the Big Apple II will get to the core of the latest strategies for evaluation and management of valvular heart disease patients. http://www.gilmanheartvalve.org/order_book2.html

By Jeffrey S. Borer, MD Co-Director, The Howard Gilman Institute for Valvular Heart Diseases Chief, Division of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Gladys and Roland Harriman Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York City Read about the aspects of valvular heart diseases most important to the working clinician. The book explains how: to evaluate patients to enable individualization of clinical management; current therapeutic techniques (surgical and medical) are applied; and, to prognosticate effectively in patients with common stenotic or regurgitant valvular lesions, and many other helpful topics. Table of Contents Why Are We Interested in Diseases of the Heart Valves? Normal and Pathologic Anatomy of the Heart Valves Making the Diagnosis and Drawing Pathophysiologic Inferences at the Examining Table Objective Evaluation of the Patient With Valvular Disease What Can the Patient Expect Over Time?

24. Cleveland Clinic Journal Of Medicine Online CME: Valvular Heart Disease Online Continuing Medical Education, Current medical management of valvular heart disease Emil Hayek, MD, and Brian P. Griffin, MD. http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/ccjmcme/valvulardisease/default.asp

Online Continuing Medical Education Current medical management of valvular heart disease Emil Hayek, MD, and Brian P. Griffin, MD Release Date: 7/29/02 Expiration Date: 7/29/04 Please read this case and answer the questions that follow: A 65-year-old man presents to your outpatient clinic with progressive dyspnea on exertion, generalized fatigue, and occasional palpitations. The patient reports the onset of shortness of breath several years ago which he noticed during exercise and which has gradually progressed to severe dyspnea with minimal exertion. The patient reports no chest pain, cough, or history of lung disease. Physical exam: Afebrile. Blood pressure 150/90 mm Hg, pulse 18 per minute, respirations 16 per minute, pulse oximetry 99% on room air. Lungs: clear to auscultation. Heart: regular rhythm with III/VI holosystolic blowing murmur heard best at the apex with radiation to the axilla and accentuation with standing and Valsalva maneuver. Chest x-ray: consistent with cardiomegaly.

25. BioMed Central | Full Text | Appetite Suppressants And Valvular Heart Disease &# Appetite suppressants and valvular heart disease – a systematic review Yoon K Loke , Sheena Derry and Angharad PritchardCopley Department of Clinical http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6904/2/6

home journals A-Z journals by subject advanced search ... Volume 2 Viewing options Abstract Full text PDF Pre-publication history Other links: Cited on BioMed Central E-mail to a friend Download references Post a comment ... Related articles in PubMed Search PubMed For Loke YK Derry S Pritchard-Copley A Key E-mail Corresponding author Research article Yoon K Loke Sheena Derry and Angharad Pritchard-Copley Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, United Kingdom BMC Clinical Pharmacology The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6904/2/6 Received Accepted Published Outline Abstract Abstract Background Methods Results ... Pre-publication history Background Although appetite suppressants have been implicated in the development of valvular heart disease, the exact level of risk is still uncertain. Initial studies suggested that as many as 1 in 3 exposed patients were affected, but subsequent research has yielded substantially different figures. Our objective was to systematically assess the risk of valvular heart disease with appetite suppressants. Methods We accepted studies involving obese patients treated with any of the following appetite suppressants: fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, and phentermine. Three types of studies were reviewed: controlled and uncontrolled observational studies, and randomized controlled trials. Outcomes of interest were echocardiographically detectable aortic regurgitation of mild or greater severity, or mitral regurgitation of moderate or greater severity.

26. BioMed Central | Full Text | Risk Of Valvular Heart Disease Associated With Use Risk of valvular heart disease associated with use of fenfluramine Paul N Hopkins and Gerald I Polukoff Cardiology Division, University of Utah School of http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2261/3/5

home journals A-Z journals by subject advanced search ... Volume 3 Viewing options Abstract Full text PDF Pre-publication history Other links: E-mail to a friend Download references Post a comment PubMed record ... Related articles in PubMed Search PubMed For Hopkins PN Polukoff GI Key E-mail Corresponding author Research article Risk of valvular heart disease associated with use of fenfluramine Paul N Hopkins and Gerald I Polukoff Cardiology Division, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA BMC Cardiovascular Disorders The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2261/3/5 Received Accepted Published Keywords: fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, risk Outline Abstract Abstract Background Methods Results ... Pre-publication history Background Estimates of excess risk of valvular heart disease among prior users of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine have varied widely. Two major forms of bias appear to contribute to this variability and also result in a systematic under-estimation of risk. The first, a form of nondifferential misclassification, is the result of including background, prevalent cases among both exposed and unexposed persons in calculations of risk. The second bias results from not considering the relatively short duration of exposure to drugs. Methods We examined data from all available echocardiographic studies reporting the prevalence of aortic regurgitation (AR) and mitral regurgitation (MR) among persons exposed to fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine and a suitable control group. We also included one study in which previously existing AR or MR had been excluded. We corrected for background prevalent cases, estimated incidence rates in unexposed persons, and performed a person-years analysis of apparent incidence rates based on exposure time to provide an unbiased estimate of relative risk.

27. Valvular Heart Disease valvular heart disease. Aetiology. Bibliography. Goldsmith I, Turpie AG, Lip G Y. valvular heart disease and prosthetic heart valves. http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/core/ITU/valve.htm

Up Cardiovascular monitoring Resusitation Haemorrhage and shock ... Cardiopulmonary bypass [ Valvular heart disease ] Infective endocarditis Sepsis Surgical nutrition Respiratory support ... Physiological scoring systems Valvular heart disease Aetiology Principal causes vary between Western and developing countries Common causes are: Congenital valvular abnormalities (e.g. bicuspid aortic valve) Infective endocarditis Rheumatic fever Degenerative valve disease Ischaemic heart disease Pathology Rheumatic fever results from immune-mediated inflammation of heart valve Results from cross reaction between Group A haemolytic strep and cardiac proteins Valve disease results in either stenosis or incompetence Stenosis causes pressure load on proximal chamber Incompetence causes volume load proximal chamber Thrombus may form in dilated left atrium resulting in peripheral embolisation Clinical features Aortic stenosis Angina pectoris Syncopal episodes Left ventricular failure Slow upstroke to arterial pulse Ejection systolic murmur in 2 nd right intercostal space Aortic regurgitation Congestive cardiac failure Increased pulse pressure Water-hammer pulse Early diastolic murmur at left sternal edge Mitral stenosis Pulmonary hypertension Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea Atrial fibrillation Loud first heart sound Mid diastolic murmur at apex Mitral regurgitation Pulmonary oedema Apex beat displace laterally Apical pansystolic murmur Tricuspid stenosis Fatigue and peripheral oedema Hepatomegaly and ascites Increased JVP with prominent a waves Diastolic murmur at left sternal edge

28. Antithrombotic Therapy In Valvular Heart Disease. In: Sixth ACCP Consensus Confe Brief Summary. GUIDELINE TITLE. Antithrombotic therapy in valvular heart disease. In Sixth ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?view_id=1&doc_id=2727&nbr=1953

29. Antithrombotic Therapy In Valvular Heart Disease. In: Sixth ACCP Consensus Confe Antithrombotic therapy in valvular heart disease. Patients (particularly in ambulatory settings) with various forms of valvular heart disease, including http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?ss=15&doc_id=2727&nbr=1953

30. : The AMEDEO Literature Guide GoldenLinks4Doctors.com The Best Medical Websites. valvular heart disease. New articles, http://www.amedeo.com/medicine/hvd.htm

Home HIV Medicine FAQ Unsubscribe ... GoldenLinks4Doctors.com The Best Medical Websites Valvular Heart Disease New articles You may choose a subset of the following journals and subscribe to our free e-mail service . Every week you will receive an e-mail with bibliographical details and links to available abstracts. Example: Amedeo Bacterial Infections For a complete list of topics, see the Amedeo homepage Furthermore, we will assign you a free personal Web page for the one-time downloads of all available abstracts ( see example for Amedeo Hypertension). Your personal literature Web page is located on one of our servers and will be updated for you once weekly. For further detailed bibliographic information, we recommend the PubMed site Free Subscription 1. Journals Select your favorite journals. Am Heart J Am J Cardiol Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Ann Thorac Surg ... Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2. E-mail Service Our E-mail service is free of charge. You may select any of the journals listed on the left side, and you will receive every week a list of articles published in your journal subset. To register, fill out the following form and click the "Submit" button.

31. Valvular Heart Disease valvular heart disease. Definition. Valvular Patients with valvular heart disease have a malfunction of one or more of these valves. There http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/valvular_heart_disease.html

Encyclopedia Index V Home Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Index V Valvular heart disease Definition Valvular heart disease refers to several disorders and diseases of the heart valves, which are the tissue flaps that regulate the flow of blood through the chambers of the heart. Description The human heart consists of four chamberstwo upper chambers (the atria) and two lower chambers (the ventricles) that are responsible for pumping blood. The heart valves are like one-way doors, which open and close with each beat of the heart, controlling the blood flow from one chamber to the next. Each of these valves is made up of a few thin folds of tissue. When functioning correctly, they keep blood from flowing backward into a chamber when closed. The four valves function in the following manner: The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It is the only valve with two flaps, or cusps. The tricuspid valve is located on the right side of the heart, between the right atrium andright ventricle. It is made up of three cusps, each a different size. The aortic valve is located on the left side of the heart and opens to allow blood to leavethe heart from the left ventricle into the aorta, which is the main artery of the body. It closes toprevent blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

32. Virtual Hospital: University Of Iowa Family Practice Handbook, Fourth Edition: C University of Iowa Family Practice Handbook, Fourth Edition, Chapter 3. Cardiology valvular heart disease. Table 32 summarizes valvular heart disease. http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/familymedicine/FPHandbook/Chapter03/03-3.html

For Providers University of Iowa Family Practice Handbook, Fourth Edition, Chapter 3 Cardiology: Valvular Heart Disease James M. Fox, MD Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa College of Medicine Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed by Mosby General. Can present with a spectrum of symptoms based on the valve involved, stenosis or regurgitation, right- or left-sided, and single valve or multivalvular disease. An echocardiogram is critical to the evaluation of a patient with a heart murmur to determine if the murmur is the result of a valve lesion. Table 3-2 summarizes valvular heart disease. Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP). May result from leaflet billowing, progressive expansion of the mitral annulus, or valve-leaflet myxomatous degeneration. Most patients with MVP are asymptomatic and will have a benign clinical course. Symptoms may include palpitations, fatigue, dyspnea, syncope, atypical chest pain, and episodes of supraventricular tachycardia. However, these symptoms are as common in the general population as in those with MVP and many patients with MVP found incidentally on echocardiography do not have these symptoms.

33. Valvular Heart Disease - Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention valvular heart disease. St. Jude Medical Information on how heart valves work, heart sounds, and types and causes of valvular disease. http://www.healthcyclopedia.com/cardiovascular-disorders/heart-disease/valvular.

Home Health cyclopedia All Topics by Category The Good Health Search Engine Health Conditions A-Z Gurus ... heart disease > valvular Valvular Heart Disease Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention External links (marked with an arrow ) open in a new window. This site is a web directory and does not offer medical advice. We cannot take responsibility for information found on listed sites. This Page Subtopics Related Topics Medical Definition Health News ... Web Directory: Subtopics: Valvular > Aortic Valve Valvular > Mitral Valve Valvular > Surgery Valvular > Tricuspid Valve Related Topics: Murmurs Medical Definition: University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Medical Dictionary: "valvular" Health News: Search millions of published articles for news on Valvular Heart Disease Modern Medicine Aging The Ardell Wellness Report HealthFacts Medical Post Medical Update Men's Health and the National Women's Health Report Note: Subscription required to access the full text of articles. Web Directory: Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease From the American Heart Association, covers all the valve diseases, infective endocarditis, pregnancy, adolescents and young adults, prosthetic heart valves and coronary artery disease. euroSCORE for Patients Provides an interactive tool that allows a patient to work out their own risk for all forms of cardiac surgery such as valve surgery.

34. BHF Heart Health - Heart Conditions: What Is Valvular Heart Disease? Heart Conditions What is valvular heart disease? Information affected. Associated Links. Download or order the BHF booklet valvular heart disease. http://www.bhf.org.uk/hearthealth/index.asp?secondlevel=77&thirdlevel=478

35. BHF Heart Health - Heart Conditions: Treatment For Valvular Heart Disease Heart Conditions Treatment for valvular heart disease Many patients with valvular heart disease may need little treatment but may benefit from having a regular http://www.bhf.org.uk/hearthealth/index.asp?secID=1&secondlevel=77&thirdlevel=47

36. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 16, Ch. 207, Valvular Heart Disease Section 16. Cardiovascular Disorders hyperlink to list of chapters in current section. Chapter 207. valvular heart disease. Topics. General. Mitral Valve Disease. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section16/chapter207/207a.jsp

37. THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Sec. 11, Ch. 89, Valvular Heart valvular heart disease. These agerelated effects influence the development of symptoms and complications in elderly patients with valvular heart disease. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mm_geriatrics/sec11/ch89.jsp

38. Valvular Heart Disease valvular heart disease. Damage to the heart valves, leading to either narrowing of the valve orifice when it is open (stenosis) or leaking through the valve http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0031601.html

Your browser does not support inline frames or is currently configured not to display inline frames. // Show bread crumbs navigation path. breadcrumbs('four'); //> ENCYCLOPAEDIA Hutchinson's Encyclopaedia Men's Health ... Wildlife Frames not supported Frames not supported Encyclopaedia Search Click a letter for the index A B C D ... Z Or search the encyclopaedia: valvular heart disease Damage to the heart valves, leading to either narrowing of the valve orifice when it is open (stenosis) or leaking through the valve when it is closed (regurgitation). Worldwide, rheumatic fever is the commonest cause of damage to the heart valves, but in industrialized countries it is being replaced by bacterial infection of the valves themselves (infective endocarditis) and ischaemic heart disease as the main causes. Valvular heart disease is diagnosed by hearing heart murmurs with a stethoscope, or by cardiac ultrasound makeButton("REFERENCE.HOME","R1") makeButtonNoSize("REFERENCE.HOME","R2") makeButton("REFERENCE.HOME","R3") makeButton("REFERENCE.HOME","R4")

39. Valvular Heart Disease valvular heart disease. Anatomy of the human heart. Patients with valvular heart disease have a malfunction of one or more of these valves. http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00069920.html

Main Search Index Definition Description Causes ... Resources Valvular heart disease Anatomy of the human heart. The illustration at the bottom right shows how the right and left ventricles contract and relax when blood is pumped through the heart. Definition Valvular heart disease refers to several disorders and diseases of the heart valves, which are the tissue flaps that regulate the flow of blood through the four chambers of the heart. Description The human heart consists of four chamberstwo upper chambers (the atria) and two lower chambers (the ventricles)which are responsible for pumping blood. The heart valves are like one-way doors, which open and close with each beat of the heart, controlling the blood flow from one chamber to the next. Each of these valves is made up of a few thin folds of tissue. When functioning correctly, they keep blood from flowing backwards into a chamber when closed. The four valves function in the following manner: The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It is the only valve with two flaps, or cusps. The tricuspid valve is located on the right side of the heart, between the right atrium and right ventricle. It is made up of three cusps, each a different size.

40. Phen/Fen & Valvular Heart Disease PHEN/FEN AND valvular heart disease July 8, 1997 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 1. WHAT IS PHEN/FEN ? 2. WHAT IS valvular heart disease? http://www.fda.gov/cder/news/phen/phenfenqa.htm

"PHEN/FEN" AND VALVULAR HEART DISEASE July 8, 1997 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. WHAT IS "PHEN/FEN" ? Phentermine ("phen") and fenfluramine ("fen") are prescription medications approved by the FDA as single medicines for short-term (a few weeks) use as appetite suppressants in the management of obesity. Some physicians have prescribed them recently to be used in combination with each other and to be used for extended periods of time in weight loss programs. Such use of the products is called "off label" because there have been no studies presented to the FDA to demonstrate either the effectiveness or safety of the two drugs taken together or for longer periods of time (greater than a few weeks). "Phen" is short for phentermine , an amphetamine-like drug marketed under various trade names such as Ionamin ® and Fastin® , as well as several generic forms of phentermine. It is approved for short-term use as an appetite suppressant. "Fen" is short for

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