1. The Body: Toxoplasmosis Comprehensive information about Toxoplasma gondii and AIDSrelated conditions, from The Body. http://www.thebody.com/treat/toxo.html

Toxoplasmosis The Basics Treatment/Prevention The Basics Toxoplasmosis Fact Sheet (August 7, 2003) To read PDF, click here From New Mexico AIDS InfoNet OI Update: Toxoplasmosis (August 1999) Still a leading cause of neurological deficits in patients with advanced HIV disease, this protozoan infection is responding better to treatment From HIV Newsline You Can Prevent Toxoplasmosis (December 1997) A guide for people with HIV infection From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Toxoplasmosis - An Update from the AIDS Information Newsletter (January 12, 1996) From National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease gopher server Treatment/Prevention Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX, Bactrim, Septra) Fact Sheet (May 22, 2003) To read PDF, click here From New Mexico AIDS InfoNet Dapsone (Avlosulfon) Fact Sheet (May 8, 2002) To read PDF, click here From New Mexico AIDS InfoNet Toxoplasmosis (September 6, 2000) A Simple Facts Sheet from AIDS Treatment Data Network Toxoplasma Gondii From an article by Joel Gallant, M.D., M.P.H.

2. MedlinePlus: Toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis. Printerfriendly version, E-mail this page to a friend. Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on • toxoplasmosis. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/toxoplasmosis.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Toxoplasmosis Contents of this page: From the NIH General/Overviews Prevention/Screening Organizations ... Information from the Medical Encyclopedia Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Toxoplasmosis You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Parasitic Diseases Infections From the National Institutes of Health Toxoplasmosis (Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction) General/Overviews Toxoplasmosis (National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitic Diseases) Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Toxoplasmosis (National Institutes of Health) Prevention/Screening You Can Prevent Toxoplasmosis: A Guide for People with HIV Infection (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also available in: Spanish Specific Conditions/Aspects Toxoplasmosis (and HIV) (New Mexico AIDS Education and Training Center) Also available in: Spanish Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy (American Academy of Family Physicians) Also available in: Spanish Organizations National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitic Diseases

3. Toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis is an infection that passes from animals to humans, sometimes without causing any symptoms. Learn more about this infection in this article for parents. three basic patterns 1) congenital toxoplasmosis, where the child becomes infected before http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/parasitic/toxoplasmosis.html

KidsHealth Parents Infections Parasitic Infections (Worms, Lice, etc.) Signs and Symptoms: Toxoplasmosis is an infection that passes from animals to humans, sometimes without causing any symptoms. When symptoms do appear in children, they vary depending on the child's age and the response of his immune system. Symptoms fall into three basic patterns: 1) congenital toxoplasmosis, where the child becomes infected before birth; 2) toxoplasmosis in an otherwise healthy child; and 3) toxoplasmosis in a child with a weakened immune system. Congenital toxoplasmosis When a pregnant woman catches toxoplasmosis and remains untreated, there is a 10% to 90% chance that she will pass the infection to the developing fetus as congenital toxoplasmosis, depending on the timing of infection. (Symptoms of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women are the same as those in an otherwise healthy child. See below.) While many children born with congenital toxoplasmosis have no symptoms early in infancy, others show clear signs of infection either at birth or within the first month of life. Some are born prematurely, are unusually small at birth, have a fever or swollen glands, and develop jaundice (yellowed skin and eyes caused by abnormal levels of a liver chemical). They are also at high risk for eye damage involving the retina (the light-sensitive lining at the back of the eye responsible for sight), resulting in severe vision problems. Some have brain and nervous system abnormalities that cause seizures, limp muscle tone, feeding difficulties, hearing loss, and mental retardation.

4. Division Of Parasitic Diseases - Toxoplasmosis Fact Sheet Back toxoplasmosis (TOXo-plaz-MO-sis). What is toxoplasmosis? How can I get toxoplasmosis? Through accidental ingestion of contaminated cat feces. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/toxoplasmosis/factsht_toxoplasmosis.htm

Alphabetical Listing Travel Toxoplasmosis (TOX-o-plaz-MO-sis) What is toxoplasmosis? How can I get toxoplasmosis? What are the symptoms of toxoplasmosis? Who is at risk for severe toxoplasmosis? ... For more information What is toxoplasmosis? Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii . The parasite is found throughout the world. More than 60 million people in the United States probably carry the Toxoplasma parasite, but very few have symptoms because the immune system usually keeps the parasite from causing illness. However, pregnant women and those with compromised immune systems should be cautious because a Toxoplasma infection can cause serious problems. How can I get toxoplasmosis? Through ingestion of raw or partly cooked meat, especially pork, lamb, or venison, or by touching your hands to your mouth after handling undercooked meat. Through contamination of knives, utensils, cutting boards and other foods that have had contact with raw meat.

5. Cornell Feline Health Center--Toxoplasmosis In Cats Fact sheet about the condition from Cornell Veterinary Medicine. http://web.vet.cornell.edu/Public/FHC/toxo.html

Home Site Map Owner Resources Practitioner's Page ... How You Can Help Toxoplasmosis in Cats T oxoplasmosis, a disease of cats and other mammalian species, is caused by a parasitic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii The Life Cycle of Toxoplasma During the intraintestinal infection cycle in the cat, some Toxoplasma organisms released from the ingested cysts penetrate more deeply into the wall of the intestine and multiply as tachyzoite forms. Very soon these forms spread out from the intestine to other body sites, starting the extraintestinal infection cycle. Eventually the cat's immune system restrains this stage of the organism, which then enters a dormant or "resting" stage by forming cysts in muscles and brain. Most cysts probably remain dormant for the life of the host. The extraintestinal infection cycle occurs not only in cats but also in the intermediate hosts (including humans). Top of Page Signs toxoplasmosis Diagnosis The presence of significant antibody levels in a healthy cat suggests that the cat has been previously infected and now is most likely immune and not excreting oocysts. The absence of antibody in a healthy cat suggests that the cat is susceptible to infection and thus would shed oocysts for one to two weeks following exposure. Treatment and Prevention No vaccine is as yet available to prevent either Toxoplasma infection or toxoplasmosis in cats, humans, or other species. Research in this area is in progress.

6. Division Of Parasitic Diseases - Toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis ( TOXo-plaz-MO-sis) toxoplasmosis. Brochures. toxoplasmosis An Important Message for Women ( 248KB, 2 pages) You Can Prevent Toxo A Guide for People with HIV Infection. Morbidity and http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/toxoplasmosis

Alphabetical Listing Travel Toxoplasmosis (TOX-o-plaz-MO-sis) Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Brochures Toxoplasmosis: An Important Message for Women (248KB, 2 pages) You Can Prevent Toxo : A Guide for People with HIV Infection Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Current Trends Update: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) among Patients with Hemophilia United States (December 02, 1983 / 32(47);613-5) Current Trends Update: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome United States (January 17, 1986 / 35(2);17-21) Current Trends Classification System for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III/ Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus Infections (May 23, 1986 / 35(20);334-9) Current Trends Classification System for Human Immunodeficiency Viru (HIV) Infection in Children Under 13 Years of Age (April 24, 1987 / 36(15);225-30,235-6) Epidemiologic Notes and Reports AIDS Due to HIV-2 Infection - - New Jersey January 29, 1988 / 37(3);33-5 ) 1993 Revised Classification System for HIV Infection and Expanded Surveillance Case Definition for AIDS Among Adolescents and Adults (December 18, 1992 / 41(RR-17))

7. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top. toxoplasmosis is found in humans worldwide, and in many species of animals and birds. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000637.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Toxoplasmosis Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Prevention Illustrations Slit-lamp exam Congenital toxoplasmosis Antibodies Definition Return to top Toxoplasmosis is an infection with the protozoan intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Toxoplasmosis is found in humans worldwide, and in many species of animals and birds. Cats are the definitive host of the parasite. Human infection results from ingestion of contaminated soil, careless handling of cat litter, ingestion of raw or undercooked meat (lamb, pork, and beef), transmission from a mother to a fetus through the placenta (congenital infection), or by blood transfusion or solid organ transplantation. Over 80-90% of primary infections produce no symptoms. The incubation period for symptoms is 1 to 2 weeks. Congenital toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with Toxoplasma gondii in a pregnant woman, with up to 50% of such infections transmitted to the fetus. Signs of congenital infection may be present at birth or develop over the first few months of life.

8. Care For Animals Pet health information for pet owners means as humans, the most likely sources of toxoplasmosis in cats is from eating mice, birds, and other infants show no symptoms of toxoplasmosis at birth, many are likely to http://www.avma.org/careforanimals/animatedjourneys/pethealth/pethealth.asp

Pet Health General Illnesses Pet Health General Illnesses and Diseases ... Equine Health General Illnesses and Diseases Signs of Ill Health Cancer Lyme Disease Parasites ... Toxoplasmosis Other Pet Health Concerns: Dental Health Vaccinations First Aid Signs of Ill Health Top Only a healthy pet is a happy companion. Assuring your pet's daily well-being requires regular care and close attention to any hint of ill health. The American Veterinary Medical Association therefore suggests that you consult your veterinarian if your pet shows any of the following signs: Abnormal discharges from the nose, eyes, or other body openings Loss of appetite, marked weight losses or gains, or excessive water consumption Difficult, abnormal, or uncontrolled waste elimination Abnormal behavior, sudden viciousness, or lethargy Abnormal lumps, limping, or difficulty getting up or lying down Excessive head shaking, scratching, and licking or biting any part of the body Dandruff, loss of hair, open sores, and a ragged or dull coat. Foul breath or excessive tarter deposits on teeth Cancer Top How Common is Cancer?

9. CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS Prophylaxis, early detection and treatment can avoid Congenital toxoplasmosis and many long term effects. Symptoms of toxoplasmosis. http://www.trojovsky.net/toxo/

Congenital Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by a protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. Infections of humans are common, and are usually asymptomatic. In two cases infection may be serious: If the infection is transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy (Congenital Toxoplasmosis Infection or reactivation of a Toxoplasmosis in patients with immunodeficiancy (AIDS,...): Measures of prophylaxis, early detection of the infection and treatment can avoid Congenital Toxoplasmosis and many long term effects. On this page You find a short introduction on Congenital Toxoplasmosis. Links lead to further information, You can return to this main-page or follow to other topics. The consequences of the infection of the fetus can be very different: between subclinic and very serious. The classical triad of Congenital Toxoplasmosis is Chorioretinitis Intracranial calcification Hydrocephalus But even the subclinical infection can lead to late-onset problems, most common in the eyes. For diagnosis You are interested in the following questions: Is the mother infected during (or very shortly before) pregnancy?

10. Toxoplasmosis Fact Sheet toxoplasmosis is a common disease found in birds and mammals across North America. The infection is caused by a parasite called toxoplasma gondi and affects 10 to 20 out of every 100 people in birds can be infected with the toxoplasmosis parasite. The parasite enters the http://www.metrokc.gov/health/prevcont/toxoplas.htm

Site Directory Public Health Webpage Directory For Care Providers Care Providers Homepage For Educators Health Educators Toolbox About Us Employee Directory Contact Us Public Health 999 3rd Ave, Ste. 1200 Seattle, WA 98104 Phone: 206-296-4600 TTY: 206-296-4931 Click here to email us Subscribe to Free Email Alerts! Click here to learn more Successful Search Tips Home Communicable disease facts Toxoplasmosis Communicable Diseases and Epidemiology Toxoplasmosis fact sheet What is toxoplasmosis? What are the symptoms? How is it spread? Pregnancy and toxoplasmosis ... Is there a treatment for toxoplasmosis? What is toxoplasmosis? Toxoplasmosis is a common disease found in birds and mammals across North America. The infection is caused by a parasite called toxoplasma gondi and affects 10 to 20 out of every 100 people in North America by the time they are adults. What are the symptoms? Fever Sore throat Sore muscles and tiredness Swollen glands in the neck, armpits or groin In some cases the infection can also cause temporary blurred vision or loss of vision Most people who are infected do not show any signs of the disease.

11. EMedicine - Toxoplasmosis : Article By Joseph Sciammarella, MD, FACP, FACEP, DAB toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite with properties similar to the pathogen that causes malaria. toxoplasmosis. http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic601.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Infectious Diseases Toxoplasmosis Last Updated: July 8, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Toxoplasma gondii AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Joseph Sciammarella, MD, FACP, FACEP, DABMA , Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mercy Medical Center, Rockville Centre, New York Joseph Sciammarella, MD, FACP, FACEP, DABMA, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Medical Acupuncture American Academy of Pain Medicine American College of Emergency Physicians American College of Physicians ... American Heart Association , and American Medical Association Editor(s): Theodore Gaeta, DO, MPH , Residency Director, Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine in Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD

12. Facts About... Toxoplasmosis The Facts About toxoplasmosis. What is toxoplasmosis? If these are swallowed by a suitable host then infection may follow. How common is toxoplasmosis? http://www.amm.co.uk/pubs/fa_toxoplasma.htm

The Facts About... Toxoplasmosis What is toxoplasmosis? Toxoplasmosis is a disease which occurs world-wide in both humans and a wide range of animals. It is caused by infection with a single celled parasite different from bacteria and viruses called Toxoplasma gondii which was discovered in 1908 in the gondi, a small rat-like animal from North Africa. Although many people are infected, most of them never show any signs of disease. Infection is most hazardous in persons whose resistance to infection is low such as organ transplant recipients, AIDS patients and unborn children. The parasite spreads to humans in undercooked or raw meat and in soil or vegetables contaminated with infected cat faeces or cat litter. Although Toxoplasma gondii is commonly found in many animals, as far as is known, it is only in the cat gut that the male and female parasites come together to produce one of the infective forms. If these are swallowed by a suitable host then infection may follow. How common is toxoplasmosis?

13. Handbook Of Ocular Disease Management - Toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis Active toxoplasmosis, Inactive toxoplasmosis Scar. toxoplasmosis can produce cystoid macular edema and choroidal neovascularization. http://www.revoptom.com/handbook/sect5i.htm

TOXOPLASMOSIS Active Toxoplasmosis Inactive Toxoplasmosis Scar SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS The symptoms associated with ocular toxoplasmosis include unilateral, mild ocular pain, blurred vision and new onset of floating spots. Patients often describe their vision as hazy. Clinical findings may include granulomatous iritis, vitritis, optic disc swelling, neuroretinitis, vasculitis and retinal vein occlusion in the vicinity of the inflammation, in the actively involved eye. Funduscopically, active toxoplasmosis presents with white-yellow, choreoretinal lesions and vitreous cells. There may be old, inactive lesions in the fellow eye. Toxoplasmosis can produce cystoid macular edema and choroidal neovascularization. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Toxoplasmosis is a disease provoked by the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. It is found in a variety of mammal and bird hosts. The most common intermediate host is the cat. It is one of the most frequent causes of retinochoroiditis in humans, with more than 60 percent of the United States population and up to 75 percent of the world's general population possessing some seropositive findings. The systemic symptoms found in congenital toxoplasmosis consist of convulsions, calcification of the arterioles and choreoretinitis. In adults, toxoplasmosis is often contracted without sickness. A small percentage of individuals encounter self-limiting, flu-like symptoms at the time of inoculation.

14. Toxoplasmosis Includes cause, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, complications, treatment, and prevention. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/toxo.html

Toxoplasmosis People can get toxoplasmosis by: 1) eating food, drinking water, or having contact with soil contaminated with tool from an infected cat, or 2) eating inadequately cooked meat that is contaminated with the parasite. Women who become infected during or just before pregnancy can pass the infection to their unborn infants. Most infected people have no symptoms and are never diagnosed. People with weakened immune systems can develop severe toxoplasmosis, which results in damage to the eye or the brain. Infants who are infected before birth can have serious mental or physical handicaps. Most people do not need to be treated unless they are pregnant or have a weakened immune system. Pregnant women, women who are planning to become pregnant, and persons with weakened immune systems should take precautions to avoid infection. What is toxoplasmosis? Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic infection worldwide. People at risk for severe infection are pregnant women and persons with weakened immune systems. What is the infectious agent that causes toxoplasmosis?

15. Division Of Parasitic Diseases - Toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis (TOXo-plaz-MO-sis). Fact Sheettoxoplasmosis. DPDx Lab Assistancetoxoplasmosis. Brochures. Preventing Congenital toxoplasmosis (March 31, 2000 / Vol. http://www.cdc.gov/node.do/id/0900f3ec80007628

Alphabetical Listing Travel Toxoplasmosis (TOX-o-plaz-MO-sis) Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Brochures Toxoplasmosis: An Important Message for Women (248KB, 2 pages) You Can Prevent Toxo : A Guide for People with HIV Infection Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Current Trends Update: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) among Patients with Hemophilia United States (December 02, 1983 / 32(47);613-5) Current Trends Update: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome United States (January 17, 1986 / 35(2);17-21) Current Trends Classification System for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III/ Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus Infections (May 23, 1986 / 35(20);334-9) Current Trends Classification System for Human Immunodeficiency Viru (HIV) Infection in Children Under 13 Years of Age (April 24, 1987 / 36(15);225-30,235-6) Epidemiologic Notes and Reports AIDS Due to HIV-2 Infection - - New Jersey January 29, 1988 / 37(3);33-5 ) 1993 Revised Classification System for HIV Infection and Expanded Surveillance Case Definition for AIDS Among Adolescents and Adults (December 18, 1992 / 41(RR-17))

16. Cat Fanciers' Association Health Committee - Toxoplasmosis And Pregnancy Addresses the concerns of pregnant cat owners about the disease. http://www.cfainc.org/health/toxo-pregnancy.html

Related Links What's new? Caring for Cats Top Cats CFA Breeds ... Online Catalog Page Not Found We're sorry that we are unable to find the specific page you have requested. Please use one of the links on this page to continue your visit on our site. We also have a site map available, or you can use the site search option below. WWW CFA Web Site If you continue to encounter difficulty, please send us an email with details of the problem and the name of the page you are trying to reach. contributed to this site. Answers to frequently asked questions may be found on our FAQ pages. Please send comments to

17. CDC/NCHSTP-Division Of HIV/AIDS Prevention CDCOpportunistic Infection Series, covering Cryptosporidiosis, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis, Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia (PCP), and opportunistic infections from handling pets or other animals. http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/hiv_aids/pubs/brochure.htm

The Internet address for this web page at the CDC has changed. Please update your bookmarks. In about 5 seconds you will be redirected to the new Internet address, or click here http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/brochure.htm

18. Tommy's Help prevent premature birth, miscarriage and stillbirth. Healthy pregnancy hints, toxoplasmosis, preeclampsia, and problem pregnancy are covered by this UK charity. http://www.tommys-campaign.org

Premature birth, miscarriage and stillbirth are researched by Tommy's. Healthy pregnancy hints, toxoplasmosis, pre-eclampsia and problem pregnancy are covered by this UK charity. Tommy's, which funds research projects nationwide to improve the survival chances of thousands of babies, leads studies into the processes underlying normal and premature birth. Since the charity was founded in 1992 Tommy's has funded over fifty research projects. However, there is still so much work to be done. As well as the team based at St. Thomas' Hospital, Tommy's supports research projects in Nottingham, Oxford, Newcastle, Manchester, Leicester, Derby, Cambridge, Bristol, Aberdeen and Glasgow Links to the main pages: About Us - Tommy's Stillbirth - Tommy's What is premature birth - Tommy's Company Support - Tommy's ... Pregnancy Main Page - Tommy's Demo

19. Cornell Feline Health Center--Toxoplasmosis In Cats toxoplasmosis in Cats. toxoplasmosis, a disease of cats and other mammalian species, is caused by a parasitic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. Protozoa are singlecelled organisms that are among the simplest creatures in the animal kingdom. Occasionally, however, clinical diseasetoxoplasmosisoccurs, kittens and young adult cats being http://www.vet.cornell.edu/Public/FHC/toxo.html

Home Site Map Owner Resources Practitioner's Page ... How You Can Help Toxoplasmosis in Cats T oxoplasmosis, a disease of cats and other mammalian species, is caused by a parasitic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii The Life Cycle of Toxoplasma During the intraintestinal infection cycle in the cat, some Toxoplasma organisms released from the ingested cysts penetrate more deeply into the wall of the intestine and multiply as tachyzoite forms. Very soon these forms spread out from the intestine to other body sites, starting the extraintestinal infection cycle. Eventually the cat's immune system restrains this stage of the organism, which then enters a dormant or "resting" stage by forming cysts in muscles and brain. Most cysts probably remain dormant for the life of the host. The extraintestinal infection cycle occurs not only in cats but also in the intermediate hosts (including humans). Top of Page Signs toxoplasmosis Diagnosis The presence of significant antibody levels in a healthy cat suggests that the cat has been previously infected and now is most likely immune and not excreting oocysts. The absence of antibody in a healthy cat suggests that the cat is susceptible to infection and thus would shed oocysts for one to two weeks following exposure. Treatment and Prevention No vaccine is as yet available to prevent either Toxoplasma infection or toxoplasmosis in cats, humans, or other species. Research in this area is in progress.

20. ADAP Drugs: Clindamycin An antiparasitic drug used in combination with pyrimethamine for maintenance treatment of toxoplasmosis.(Cleocin) http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/clin.html

clindamycin (Cleocin) Drug description Clindamycin is an antiparasitic drug used in combination with pyrimethamine for maintenance treatment of toxoplasmosis. Clindamycin is used to treat acute toxoplasmosis, although it may not be as effective as pyrimethamine-sulfa. Clindamycin is also used as an experimental treatment for active PCP pneumonia. Clindamycin is used for treatment of skin infections, respiratory tract infections, septicemia, abdominal infections, gynecologic infections, and topical treatment of severe acne. Side effects Clindamycin may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and mild rash. IV administration can cause a bitter taste in the mouth. Dosage Clindamycin comes in oral, injection and ointment formulations. The drug does not significantly cross the blood-brain barrier, but it crosses the placenta and enters breast milk. Clindamycin is mostly processed in the liver, so it should not be prescribed if you have liver impairment. Safety of the drug in pregnant or breast feeding women is not established. By mouth, adults are prescribed 150-450 mg every 6 hours. Pills must be taken with meals. Oral solution should not be refrigerated and is stable for 14 days at room temperature. Shake liquid preparations well. You must finish the drug as directed, even if you are feeling better. IV clindamycin is given 300-600 mg every 6-8 hours. Greater than 600 mg is not recommended. Topical clindamycin is applied in a 1% solution twice daily. The solution is flammable, so do not apply while smoking or near heat or flame. Wait 30 minutes after washing or shaving before applying.

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