1. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Thromboangiitis Obliterans thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is caused by vasculitis, which is an inflammation There is no cure for thromboangiitis obliterans. The goal of treatment is http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000172.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Thromboangiitis obliterans Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Thromboangiites obliterans Circulatory system Alternative names Return to top Buerger's disease Definition Return to top Thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is caused by vasculitis, which is an inflammation (irritation with presence of extra immune cells) of blood vessels. The blood vessels of the hands and feet are especially affected, becoming constricted or totally blocked. This reduces blood flow to the tissues of hands and feet, resulting in pain and eventually damage. Thromboangiitis obliterans affects approximately 6 out of every 10,000 people. It almost always affects men aged 20 to 40 years old who have a history of smoking or chewing tobacco. The condition may also be associated with a history of Raynaud's disease . This disorder is very uncommon in children, but may occur in those with

2. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 16, Ch. 212, Peripheral Vascular Disorders An overview of thromboangiitis obliterans, also known as buerger's disease. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section16/chapter212/212c.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 16. Cardiovascular Disorders Chapter 212. Peripheral Vascular Disorders Topics [General] Peripheral Arterial Occlusion Thromboangiitis Obliterans Raynaud's Disease and Phenomenon ... Lipedema Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease) An obliterative disease characterized by inflammatory changes in small and medium-sized arteries and veins. Thromboangiitis obliterans occurs in cigarette smokers, predominantly in men aged 20 to 40. Only about 5% of cases occur in women. The frequency of diagnosis has decreased drastically in recent years because of better understanding of clinical and angiographic characteristics of this disease vs. arteriosclerosis obliterans. Although few investigators believe this disease is indistinguishable pathologically from occlusive disease caused by some types of atherosclerosis, idiopathic peripheral thromboses, or systemic emboli, most clinicians agree that the clinical characteristics are sufficiently distinctive to consider thromboangiitis obliterans a discrete entity. Although the cause is unknown, thromboangiitis obliterans has not been documented in nonsmokers, implicating cigarette smoking as a primary etiologic factor, perhaps as a delayed type of hypersensitivity or toxic angiitis. Thromboangiitis obliterans may be a reaction to tobacco by persons with a specific phenotype, because of greater prevalence of HLA-A9 and HLA-B5 in persons with the disease; or an autoimmune disorder with cell-mediated sensitivity to types I and III human collagen, which are constituents of blood vessels.

3. Dermatlas: Online Dermatology Image Library Dermatology Image,Buerger Disease,th Dermatlas Dermatology Images thromboangiitis obliterans dermatology image Buerger disease images Diagnosis BUERGER DISEASE / thromboangiitis obliterans. Category other A 36 year old man http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/result.cfm?Diagnosis=404925720

4. HealthCentral - Pediatrics Encyclopedia - Thromboangiitis Obliterans thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is a disorder where the blood vessels of the to infections and gangrene. thromboangiitis obliterans affects approximately 6 out of 10 http://www.healthcentral.com/peds/top/000172.cfm

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5. Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) a CHORUS notecard document about thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) http://chorus.rad.mcw.edu/doc/00394.html

CHORUS Collaborative Hypertext of Radiology Cardiovascular system Feedback Search thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) unknown etiology young males (under 40 y/o) a/w heavy cigarette smoking panarteritis with thrombotic occlusion medium + small arteries of extremities foot + calf aa. most often, also knee + SFA +/- mesenteric vessels Charles E. Kahn, Jr., MD - 2 February 1995 Last updated 26 May 2004 Medical College of Wisconsin

6. HONselect - Thromboangiitis Obliterans Language MeSH term Accepted terms English thromboangiitis obliterans Buerger's Disease - Buerger Disease - Thromboangitis Obliterans - Buergers Disease - Disease, Buerger - Disease, Buerger's . http://www.hon.ch/HONselect/RareDiseases/C14.907.137.870.html

List of rare diseases: English Deutsch Language: MeSH term: Accepted terms: English: Thromboangiitis Obliterans - Buerger's Disease - Buerger Disease - Thromboangitis Obliterans - Buergers Disease - Disease, Buerger - Disease, Buerger's Français: THROMBOANGEITE OBLITERANTE - BUERGER, MALADIE - THROMBOARTERITE JUVENILE Deutsch: Thrombangiitis obliterans - Buerger-Krankheit - Endangitis obliterans - Thrombendangitis obliterans - Winiwarter-Buerger-Krankheit Español: TROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANTE - ENFERMEDAD DE BUERGER Português: TROMBOANGIITE OBLITERANTE - DOENCA DE BUERGER HONselect ressources Definition: No Articles: Yes Images: Yes News: No Conferences: No Clinical trials: No Web sites: English Yes Français Yes Deutsch No Español Yes Português No Home About us Site map Feedback ... HONewsletter http://www.hon.ch/HONselect/RareDiseases/C14.907.137.870.html Last modified: Wed Apr 28 2004

7. Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease) thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) DESCRIPTION Nonatherosclerotic segmental occlusion of small and medium sized arteries and veins caused by inflammatory changes in these vessels. It primarily occurs in men who smoke. The changing clinical spectrum of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). Circulation Supplement IV 1990;82(5 http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0910.html

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) DESCRIPTION: Nonatherosclerotic segmental occlusion of small and medium sized arteries and veins caused by inflammatory changes in these vessels. It primarily occurs in men who smoke. System(s) affected: Cardiovascular Genetics: Greater prevalence of HLA-A54, HLA-A9 and HLA-B5. Familial cases reported rarely. Incidence/Prevalence in USA: Predominant age: 20 to 40 years Predominant sex: CAUSES: (Postulated) Smoking Genetic factors Autoimmune disorder with cell mediated sensitivity to types I and III human collagens (both are normal constituents of blood vessels) Impaired peripheral endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Nonendothelium mechanisms of vasodilation are intact. Arsenic content of tobacco Synonyms: Buerger's disease TAO ICD-9-CM: 443.1 Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) REFERENCES: Case records of the Mass. General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 16-1989. A 36 year-old man with peripheral vascular disease. New Eng J Med 1989;20;320(16):1068-76 Olin JW, et al. The changing clinical spectrum of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). Circulation Supplement IV 1990;82(5)

8. EMedicine - Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) : Article By Eric J Han Buerger Disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) Buerger disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans, is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental, inflammatory http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic253.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Vascular Surgery Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) Last Updated: November 24, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Buerger's disease, TAO, endarteritis, endophlebitis, vasoocclusive disease, presenile spontaneous gangrene, corkscrew collaterals, bidi, cigarette smoking, tobacco use, secondhand smoke, smoking cessation, distal ischemic rest pain, ischemic ulcerations, amputation AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Eric J Hanly, MD , Research Instructor, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Fellow, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Coauthor(s): Matthew Carpenter, MD

9. Thromboangiitis Obliterans arteries and veins, causing thromboangiitis obliterans (Buergers disease). The blood vessels to infections and gangrene. thromboangiitis obliterans affects approximately 6 out of http://www.rwjhamilton.org/Atoz/encyclopedia/article/000172.asp

For a complete list of hospital classes and events, click here to connect to HealthConnection Online Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Disease T -> Thromboangiitis obliterans Thromboangiitis obliterans Alternate Names: Buerger's disease Causes and Risks: Thromboangiitis obliterans affects approximately 6 out of 10,000 people. It almost always affects men, 20 to 40 years old, who have a history of smoking or chewing tobacco. This may also be associated with a history of . This disorder is very uncommon in children, but it may occur in those with autoimmune diseases Prevention: Men with a history of or thromboangiitis obliterans should avoid all tobacco use Symptoms: Pain or tenderness in the hands and feet Acute , severe Burning, numbness tingling Often occurs at rest Pain in the legs , ankles, or feet(intermittent claudication Often located in the arch of the foot Increased with activity, decreased with rest Skin changes or ulcers in hands or feet Hand or foot may be pale or red or bluish Hand or foot may feel cold Note: Symptoms may worsen with exposure to cold or with emotional stress . Usually, two or more limbs are affected.

10. Medical Encyclopedia: Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Print Version) Medical Encyclopedia thromboangiitis obliterans. thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/print/ency/article/000172.htm

To print this page, use the print option from your browser. To close this window, click on the "x" in the upper right hand corner of the window. Medical Encyclopedia: Thromboangiitis obliterans URL of this page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000172.htm Alternative names Buerger's disease Definition Thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is caused by vasculitis, which is an inflammation (irritation with presence of extra immune cells) of blood vessels. The blood vessels of the hands and feet are especially affected, becoming constricted or totally blocked. This reduces blood flow to the tissues of hands and feet, resulting in pain and eventually damage. Thromboangiitis obliterans affects approximately 6 out of every 10,000 people. It almost always affects men aged 20 to 40 years old who have a history of smoking or chewing tobacco. The condition may also be associated with a history of Raynaud's disease. This disorder is very uncommon in children, but may occur in those with autoimmune diseases.

11. Buerger's Disease By Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Types Of Vasculitis A detailed look at thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's Disease). Some pictures of extremities where gangrene has developed. http://vasculitis.med.jhu.edu/typesof/buergers.html

First Description Classic symptoms of Buerger's Disease What causes Buerger's Disease? How is Buerger's Disease diagnosed? ... Treatment and Course of Buerger's Disease First Description thromboangiitis obliterans (top of page) (top of page) Classic symptoms and signs of Buerger's Disease pictured below ) of the digits (fingers and toes) are common in Buerger’s disease. Pain may be very intense in the affected regions. An angiogram demonstrating lack of blood flow to vessels of the hand ( figure below An abnormal result from an angiogram of the hand ( figure below Despite the severity of ischemia (lack of blood flow) to the distal extremities that occurs in Buerger’s, the disease does not involve other organs, unlike many other forms of vasculitis. Even as ulcers and gangrene develop in the digits, organs such as the lung, kidneys, brain, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract remain unaffected. The reasons for the confinement to the extremities and sparing of other organs are not known. (top of page) What Causes Buerger's Disease? Pictured below , are a patient's fingertips that have developed gangrene. This is a very painful condition which sometimes requires amputation of the affected area.

12. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 16, Ch. 212, Peripheral Vascular Disorders thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger s Disease). thromboangiitis obliterans occurs in cigarette smokers, predominantly in men aged 20 to 40. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section16/chapter212/212c.jsp

13. Dermatlas: Online Dermatology Image Library Dermatology Image,gangrene,ischemia, Dermatlas Dermatology Images ulcer,thromboangiitis obliterans,ischemia,gangrene,dermatology image,Buerger disease images. Match ALL words Match ANY word. http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/result.cfm?Diagnosis=1020825299

14. Thromboangiitis Obliterans -- ECureMe.com thromboangiitis obliterans, Normal, Abnormal, thromboangiitis obliterans is also known as Buerger s disease, and it is most often seen in young men who smoke. http://www.ecureme.com/emyhealth/data/Thromboangiitis_Obliterans.asp

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15. EMedicine - Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) : Article By Eric J Han Buerger Disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) Buerger disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans, is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental, inflammatory, vasoocclusive disease that affects the http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic253.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Vascular Surgery Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) Last Updated: November 24, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Buerger's disease, TAO, endarteritis, endophlebitis, vasoocclusive disease, presenile spontaneous gangrene, corkscrew collaterals, bidi, cigarette smoking, tobacco use, secondhand smoke, smoking cessation, distal ischemic rest pain, ischemic ulcerations, amputation AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Eric J Hanly, MD , Research Instructor, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Fellow, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Coauthor(s): Matthew Carpenter, MD

16. 550 Picture thromboangiitis obliterans. http://www.ecureme.com/atlas/data/thromboangiitis_obliterans550_ab.htm

Thromboangiitis Obliterans

17. Thromboangiitis Obliterans - Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention home cardiovascular disorders vascular disorders thromboangiitis obliterans thromboangiitis obliterans. Information • Diagnosis http://www.healthcyclopedia.com/cardiovascular-disorders/vascular-disorders/thro

Home Health cyclopedia All Topics by Category The Good Health Search Engine Health Conditions A-Z Gurus ... vascular disorders > thromboangiitis obliterans Thromboangiitis Obliterans Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention External links (marked with an arrow ) open in a new window. This site is a web directory and does not offer medical advice. We cannot take responsibility for information found on listed sites. This Page Related Topics Medical Definition Health News Web Directory: Related Topics: Addictions/Substance Abuse/Tobacco/Quitting Medical Definition: University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Medical Dictionary: "thromboangiitis obliterans" Health News: Search millions of published articles for news on Thromboangiitis Obliterans Modern Medicine Aging The Ardell Wellness Report HealthFacts Medical Post Medical Update Men's Health and the National Women's Health Report Note: Subscription required to access the full text of articles. Web Directory: A Healthy Me: John T Lohr A definition as well as a look at the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of buerger's disease. Adam.com - An Overview

18. Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) unknown etiology. young males (under 40 y/o) a/w heavy cigarette smoking. panarteritis with thrombotic occlusion. medium + small arteries of extremities . http://chorus.rad.mcw.edu/to-go/00394.html

thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) unknown etiology young males (under 40 y/o) a/w heavy cigarette smoking panarteritis with thrombotic occlusion medium + small arteries of extremities foot + calf aa. most often, also knee + SFA +/- mesenteric vessels Home Cardiovascular system

19. Thromboangiitis Obliterans thromboangiitis obliterans Buerger s Disease. Buergers Disease. Book, Home Page. http://www.fpnotebook.com/RHE11.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice document.write(code); Advertisement Rheumatology Cardiovascular Medicine Assorted Pages Thromboangiitis Obliterans Vasculitis Small Vessel Vasculitis Microscopic Polyangiitis Thromboangiitis Obliterans Buerger's Disease Buergers Disease Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology General Medicine Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter Rheumatology Index General Bone Cardiovascular Medicine Dermatology Diffuse Examination Infectious Disease Intra-Articular Disorders Laboratory Marfans Myofascial Neurology Osteoarthritis Pain Pediatrics Pharmacology Procedure Radiology RA Spondylitis Symptom Evaluation Page Cardiovascular Medicine Index Environ Raynauds Thromboangiitis Obliterans Vasculitis Vasculitis Small Vasculitis Small Polyangiitis Epidemiology Age of onset: Younger than 45 years old Men predominate Prevalence (asian and eastern european descent) United States: 12% India: 63% Ashkenazi Jews in Israel: 80% Pathophysiology Nonatherosclerotic inflammatory disease Affects small and medium sized extremity vessels Risk factors Tobacco Abuse is highly correlated Symptoms Raynaud's Phenomenon Ischemia of distal extremities (hands and feet) Claudication Rest pain Ulcerations of toes and fingers Signs

20. AllRefer Health - Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease) thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger s Disease) information center covers causes, prevention, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, incidence, risk factors, signs http://health.allrefer.com/health/thromboangiitis-obliterans-info.html

AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Colon Cancer Depression Diabetes Gallbladder Disease Heart Attack Hepatitis High Cholesterol HIV/AIDS Hypertension Lung Cancer Menopause Migraines/Headaches Osteoporosis Pneumonia Prostate Cancer SARS Stroke Urinary Tract Infection 1600+ More Conditions Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia You are here : AllRefer.com Health Thromboangiitis Obliterans Thromboangiitis Obliterans Definition Prevention Treatment Expectations or Prognosis ... Go To Main Page Alternate Names : Buerger's Disease Definition Thromboangiitis obliterans is a disease that causes obstruction of the blood vessels of the hands and feet. Thromboangiites Obliterans Circulatory System Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is caused by vasculitis, which is an inflammation (irritation with presence of extra immune cells) of blood vessels. The blood vessels of the hands and feet are especially affected, becoming constricted or totally blocked. This reduces blood flow to the tissues of hands and feet, resulting in pain and eventually damage. Thromboangiitis obliterans affects approximately 6 out of every 10,000 people. It almost always affects men aged 20 to 40 years old who have a history of smoking or chewing tobacco.

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