41. Postgraduate Medicine: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus. Postgrad Med 1999;106(6)21323. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frustrating to the medical community and patients alike. http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1999/11_99/greenberg.htm

Systemic lupus erythematosus Measures to keep this unpredictable disease under control Brent Greenberg, MD; Margaret Michalska, MD VOL 106 / NO 6 / NOVEMBER 1999 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To recognize common signs and symptoms of SLE To become familiar with criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology as the basis for diagnosis To identify appropriate treatment and preventive measures This page is best viewed with a browser that supports tables Preview : Systemic lupus erythematosus can present in many ways, often mimicking other diseases. In this article, Drs Greenberg and Michalska describe the numerous manifestations of this chronic disease, the widely accepted criteria for diagnosis, and the therapeutic measures that can prolong survival and decrease morbidity. Greenberg B, Michalska M. Systemic lupus erythematosus: measures to keep this unpredictable disease under control. Postgrad Med 1999;106(6):213-23 S ystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frustrating to the medical community and patients alike. The cause of this autoimmune disease is unknown, and nearly all of its clinical features are seen in other diseases as well. Further, the classic malar rash specific to SLE occurs in less than half of SLE patients, and diagnostic tests touted over the past half century have shown crossover with other autoimmune diseases (1). However, certain clinical and laboratory criteria may point strongly to SLE and enable the selection of appropriate treatment. Who is at risk

42. Postgraduate Medicine: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus. How to manage, when to refer. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39(5)72331. Resources for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/2003/11_03/dallera.htm

Systemic lupus erythematosus How to manage, when to refer Maria Dall'Era, MD; John C. Davis, MD, MPH VOL 114 / NO 5 / NOVEMBER 2003 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To become familiar with the diverse clinical characteristics and long-term complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) To understand the appropriate use of laboratory tests in diagnosis and monitoring of SLE To learn about monitoring requirements and toxicities associated with medications used to treat mild to severe manifestations of SLE The authors disclose no financial interests in this article. They disclose unlabeled uses of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil. This is the third of three articles on rheumatic disease. Preview :Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease seen predominately in women between the ages of 20 and 40. Because the disease varies in severity and can affect major organ systems, patients should be monitored carefully for organ damage and medication toxicity. In this article, Drs Dall'Era and Davis review the diagnosis of SLE as well as its epidemiologic factors and clinical characteristics. The section on therapy constitutes a practical resource for primary care physicians who care for patients with SLE. Dall'Era M, Davis JC. Systemic lupus erythematosus: how to manage, when to refer. Postgrad Med 2003;114(5):31-40

43. Arthritis Research & Therapy | Full Text | Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythema Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have abnormally elevated Epstein–Barr virus load in blood Uk Yeol Moon * 1 , Su Jin Park * 1 , Sang Taek Oh 1 , Wan http://arthritis-research.com/content/6/4/R295

home issues articles reports ... Issue 4 Viewing options Abstract Full text PDF Other links: E-mail to a friend Download references Post a comment Search PubMed For Moon UY Park SJ Oh ST Kim WU ... Lee SK Key E-mail Corresponding author Contributed equally Research article Uk Yeol Moon Su Jin Park Sang Taek Oh Wan-Uk Kim Sung-Hwan Park Sang-Heon Lee Chul-Soo Cho Ho-Youn Kim Won-Keun Lee and Suk Kyeong Lee Research Institute of Immunobiology, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Department of Medicine, The Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, Korea Arthritis Res Ther The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://arthritis-research.com/content/6/4/R295 Received Revisions requested Revisions received Accepted Published Keywords: Outline Abstract Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results ... References n = 66) and normal control individual ( n = 63) by direct PCR analysis of mouthwash samples. We also compared EBV load in blood between SLE patients (

44. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus. If complement is turned against normal cells as in the case of systemic lupus erythematosus, severe tissue damage may result. http://www.diseasedir.org.uk/disorder/dis05.htm

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Type: Autoimmune Disease Sub-Type: Systemic Underlying effects Autoantibodies are produced for a wide range of self Antigens, such as DNA, histones (protein coat of DNA) Red Blood Cells, platelets, leukocytes, and clotting factors. Which causes the activation of complement (resulting in Cell lysis). Complement is a series of blood serum proteins whose main function is to lyse invading non-cells. If complement is turned against normal cells as in the case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, severe tissue damage may result. Aetiology Unknown, but may involve some of these factors: (This is for Autoimmunity in general) Genetic Family Studies In identical twins only about 50% are both affected, in non-identical twins only 5% are both affected. Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA), (also MHC) Some types of HLA, if present, increase the likelihood of the disease appearing. Gender Female susceptibility is 3 times greater than for males, hinting at a hormonal link. Environmental agents Bacteria Especially the 'Group A' Streptococci, which seem to cause Rheumatic heart disease.

45. SLE - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Lupus) systemic lupus erythematosus. What is lupus? systemic lupus erythematosus is a disease of the immune system the system that prevents and fights infection. http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/LupusNonRen.html

Systemic lupus erythematosus from EdREN , the website of the Renal Unit of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Systemic lupus erythematosus, often shortened to Lupus or SLE , is one of the 'autoimmune' diseases that can affect a wide variety of organs. This information is about lupus in general, and comes from Arthritis Care . See also our information on SLE and the kidneys What is lupus? What will happen to me? Who gets lupus? ... What is the treatment? What is lupus? Systemic lupus erythematosus is a disease of the immune system - the system that prevents and fights infection. In lupus the immune system becomes unbalanced resulting in the body reacting against healthy tissue. This is why the symptoms of lupus can vary so much. Occasionally the disease is caused by using certain drugs. This is known as drug-induced lupus. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is classified as a rheumatic disease. It can cause inflammation in the joints and several of the body's organ systems. (For example: the skin, the kidneys and various other internal organs.) Hence the term systemic. The term 'lupus erythematosus' refers to the red rash on the face. Discoid lupus affects the skin and is a relatively mild disease. Sometimes it is treated by a rheumatologist (a specialist in arthritis and rheumatic disease) but more commonly by a dermatologist (a specialist in skin disorders).

46. SLE And The Kidneys systemic lupus erythematosus and the kidney. from EdREN, the website of the Renal Unit of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. What is systemic lupus erythematosus? http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/LupusLong.html

Systemic lupus erythematosus and the kidney from EdREN , the website of the Renal Unit of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Systemic lupus erythematosus, often shortened to Lupus or SLE , is one of the 'autoimmune' diseases that can affect a wide variety of organs. What is systemic lupus erythematosus? How can you tell what type of kidney disease SLE causes? Renal lupus Can I do without a biopsy? ... What sorts of kidney disease can SLE cause? What is systemic lupus erythematosus? It is most commonly diagnosed in young women, but also occurs in men, and at any age. It often runs for years, in an up and down course with periods when the disease is quiet. In some people SLE can be short lived and mild, whilst in others it can be a prolonged and sometimes serious disease. This information is mostly about renal lupus - that is, lupus affecting the kidneys. If you haven't already read much about lupus, you should read our information on SLE , which has come from Arthritis Care (contact details at the end of this information), or the information from Lupus UK, again listed under further information Renal lupus Lupus affecting the kidney is sometimes said to be the most severe lupus. In fact many people with 'ordinary' lupus have mild kidney involvement. Unfortunately it is true that serious kidney disease usually requires the most powerful anti-lupus treatment. However it is important to remember that lupus can almost always be successfully treated

47. Allergies Infections, cancer, or an autoimmune disease like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are often involved. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Allergies.html

Allergies Index to this page Immediate Hypersensitivities Local Anaphylaxis Skin Testing Systemic Anaphylaxis ... Autoimmune disorders Immunologists, as well as the general public, use the term allergy in several different ways. I shall define it thus: An allergy is a harmful immune response elicited by an antigen that is not itself intrinsically harmful. Examples: The windblown pollen released by orchard grass has no effect on me but produces a violent attack of hay fever (known to physicians as allergic rhinitis ) in my wife. She, on the other hand, can safely handle the leaves of poison ivy while if I do so, I break out in a massive skin rash a day or two later. Antigens that trigger allergies are often called allergens Four different immune mechanisms can result in allergic responses. 1. Immediate Hypersensitivities. These occur quickly after exposure to the allergen. They are usually mediated by antibodies of the IgE class. Examples: hay fever hives asthma Go to discussion 2. Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxicity Cell damage caused by antibodies directed against cell surface antigens. Hence a form of

48. Ask NOAH About: Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Lupus Foundation DrugInduced Lupus Erythematosus - MEDLINEplus Rheumatology Drug-Induced Lupus - Virtual Hospital systemic lupus erythematosus Handout on http://www.noah-health.org/english/illness/arthritis/lupus.html

Ask NOAH About: Lupus What is Lupus? Care and Treatment Complications and Concerns The Basics Lupus and Children ... Information Resources What is Lupus? The Basics The Immune System and Lupus - LupusCanada (also in French Late Onset Lupus Fact Sheet - Lupus Foundation of America Lupus - National Library of Medicine (Interactive Flash Presentation) Lupus - Arthritis Canada (also in French) Lupus, An Introduction - LupusCanada (also in French Frequently Asked Questions About Lupus - Lupus Foundation of America Lupus: The Disease with 1,000 Faces - LupusCanada (also in French What is Lupus? - Lupus Foundation of America (also in Spanish Genetics Genetics and Lupus - Raphael J. DeHoratius, MD Researchers Locate Lupus Gene on Chromosome 1 - NIH Lupus and Children Childhood Lupus - Lupus Foundation of America Living with Lupus - KidsHealth Lupus and Teens The Adolescent With Lupus As A Young Adult - Lupus Foundation of Minnesota Life with Lupus - KidsHealth Lupus and Gender Lupus in Men - Lupus Foundation of America Men With Lupus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome - Lupus Foundation of Minnesota Lupus and Race/Ethnicity The Many Shades of Lupus - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases What Black Women Should Know About Lupus - National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases What Hispanic Women Need to Know About Lupus - The S.L.E. Foundation

49. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune illness that causes a characteristic rash accompanied by inflammation of connective tissue, particularly http://www.mycustompak.com/healthNotes/Concern/Lupus.htm

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Also indexed as: Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), DLE, Lupus, SLE Introduction Checklist Symptoms Treatments ... References Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune illness that causes a characteristic rash accompanied by inflammation of connective tissue, particularly joints, throughout the body. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system attacks the body instead of protecting it. Kidney, lung, and vascular damage are potential problems resulting from SLE. The cause of SLE is unknown, though 90% of cases occur in women of childbearing age. Several drugs, such as procainamide, hydralazine methyldopa , and chlorpromazine, may create SLE-like symptoms. Similarly, environmental pollution and industrial emissions may also trigger SLE-like symptoms in some people. In one reported case, zinc supplementation appears to have aggravated drug-induced SLE. Ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure is a commonly recognized trigger of lupus. Some chemicals found in dyes, such as hydrazine and tartrazine

50. Virtual Hospital: University Of Iowa Family Practice Handbook, Fourth Edition: R For Providers. University of Iowa Family Practice Handbook, Fourth Edition, Chapter 7. Rheumatology systemic lupus erythematosus. http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/familymedicine/FPHandbook/Chapter07/12-7.html

For Providers University of Iowa Family Practice Handbook, Fourth Edition, Chapter 7 Rheumatology: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus David C. Krupp, MD and Mark A. Graber, MD Departments of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and College of Medicine Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed by Mosby Overview . Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic illness characterized by chronic inflammation; clinical manifestations are protean. It most commonly has its onset between 15 and 40 years of age and has an 8:1 female-to-male ratio. Genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors play a role in its etiology. The prevalence is 2.9 to 4 per 100,000; SLE is more common in blacks and some Asian populations. Diagnosis of SLE requires the presence of 4 of 11 criteria (see A through K below). Keep in mind that a positive ANA is neither required for a diagnosis of lupus nor sufficient in itself to make a diagnosis of lupus. Initial workup for suspected lupus should include CBC, chemistry panel, ANA, ESR or CRP, CK, UA, ECG, and CXR. Malar rash (fixed, raised, or flat).

51. Virtual Hospital: The International Thoracic Teaching Resource: Diseases Of Alte systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Jeffrey radiograph. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) icon gif systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) icon gif. http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/radiology/ITTR/SLE/SLE.html

For Providers The International Thoracic Teaching Resource: Diseases of Altered Immunity and Diseases of Uncertain Etiology Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Jeffrey R. Galvin, M.D.; Michael P. D'Alessandro, M.D.; Yasayuki Kurihara, M.D. Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Clinical Sx: Pleural involvement is the most common respiratory component in patients with SLE. It has been found at the autopsy in from 50-83%. SLE pleuritis is usually associated with small-to-moderate pleural effusions, pleural pain, cough, dyspnea, and fever. Acute lupus pneumonia is a syndrome presenting as an abrupt onset of dyspnea, cough, and fever and in some patients, hemoptysis. Acute lupus pneumonitis is a diagnosis of exclusion. The physician must carefully exclude the possibility of bacterial pneumonia in patients with SLE who present with fever and infiltrates. The risk for developing acute lupus pneumonitis is increased immediately postpartum. Etiology/Pathophysiology: The process of acute lupus pneumonitis and alveolar hemorrhage are histologically similar and are characterized by acute alveolar-capillary damage probably mediated by immune complex deposition. The causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension include (1) interstitial pneumonitis, (2) small pulmonary artery vasculitis, (3) thrombosis, and (4) "primary" pulmonary hypertension. Pathology: Acute lupus pneumonitis is characterized with alveolar wall inflammation, alveolar wall necrosis, alveolar hemorrhage, edema, hyaline membrane formation, infiltration of the interstitium by inflammatory cells, and capillary thrombi.

52. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). thoracic involvement (3070%) lupus pneumonitis (acute) patchy, peripheral, basilar, alveolar; http://chorus.rad.mcw.edu/doc/00855.html

CHORUS Collaborative Hypertext of Radiology Multisystem entities Feedback Search systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) thoracic involvement (30-70%) lupus pneumonitis (acute): patchy, peripheral, basilar, alveolar interstital reticulation in lower lung fields (chronic) cavitary nodules (vasculitis) pleural changes (most common manifestation): effusion, thickening pericardial effusion (pericarditis) / cardiomegaly (cardiomyopathy) musculoskeletal arthrits (95%): subluxation without erosions AVN ; intrinsically or secondary to steroids kidneys (100%) focal membranous glomerulonephritis aneurysms in interlobar and arcuate arteries (similar to polyarterits nodosa normal/decreased renal size increased parenchymal echogenicity Yong H. Hahn, MD - 2 February 1995 Last updated 26 May 2004 Medical College of Wisconsin

53. Disease Category Listing (144): Systemic Lupus Erythematosus CenterWatch Listing of Clinical Research Trials for systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical Trials systemic lupus erythematosus. New York. http://www.centerwatch.com/patient/studies/cat144.html

Clinical Trials: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus New York Manhasset; The Program in Novel Therapeutics, North Shore University Hospital A placebo controlled trial evaluating the impact of an investigational drug on the prevention of bone loss in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Manhasset; The Program in Novel Therapeutics, North Shore University Hospital The pharacoproteomic relationship between anti-DNA antibodies and an investigational drug for systemic lupus erythematosus is being evaluated. Back to Clinical Trials by Medical Areas Research centers specializing in this illness area Additional resources ... in this illness area This site is run by CenterWatch, a publishing company that focuses on the clinical trials industry. The information provided in this service is designed to help patients find clinical trials that may be of interest to them, and to help patients contact the centers conducting the research. CenterWatch is neither promoting this research nor involved in conducting any of these trials. Trial listing updated: May 4, 2004 at 12:55:26 PM

54. Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) -- Topic Overview Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus) Topic Overview What is systemic lupus erythematosus? systemic lupus erythematosus, or SLE, is http://my.webmd.com/hw/lupus/hw123406.asp

var guid_source = ""; var guid_source_id = ""; //unused var encodedurl = ""; WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Quizzes, Calculators Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map You are in Choose a Topic All Conditions ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Dental Depression Diabetes Eye Health Heart Disease Hepatitis HIV/AIDS Hypertension Men's Conditions Mental Health Migraines/Headaches Multiple Sclerosis Osteoporosis Parkinson's Sexual Conditions Stroke Weight Control Women's Conditions Health Topics Symptoms Medical Tests Medications ... Credits Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Topic Overview What is systemic lupus erythematosus? Systemic lupus erythematosus, or SLE, is an autoimmune disease that can cause inflammation, pain, and tissue damage throughout the body. Although some people with SLE have mild symptoms, it is a chronic disease and can become severe. For most people, ongoing monitoring and treatment can control symptoms and prevent serious organ damage. Only in rare cases does SLE become life-threatening. There are five types of lupus erythematosus : systemic, discoid/cutaneous, subacute cutaneous, drug-induced systemic, and neonatal. Systemic (SLE) is the most serious type. There is no known cure for this disease.

55. Diagnosis And Management Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosis and Management of systemic lupus erythematosus A series of patient management problems Origination Date February, 1999 Most Recent Review Date http://www.sma.org/lectureonline/lupus.htm

Southern Medical Association Presents "Lectures On-Line" Southern Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to sponsor continuing medical education for physicians. This CME activity was planned and produced in accordance with the Essentials for Enduring Materials of the ACCME. Diagnosis and Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus A series of patient management problems Origination Date: February, 1999 Most Recent Review Date: August 7, 2002 Estimated Time of Completion: 1.5 Hours CME Credit Form Target Audience: Primary Care Physicians and Other Health Care Professionals with an interest in lupus. Purpose: To provide practical medical information in a case review format to enhance the physician's ability to diagnose and treat lupus. Learning Objectives: At the conclusion of this CME Internet activity, physicians should be able to Diagnose systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient presenting with common manifestations of the disease; Diagnose drug-induced lupus syndrome in a patient with features of this disorder;

56. August 1996 - SMJ: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosed During... systemic lupus erythematosus Diagnosed During Interferon Alfa Therapy. 30. Theofilopoulos AN, Dixon FJ Experimental murine systemic lupus erythematosus. http://www.sma.org/smj/96aug13.htm

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosed During Interferon Alfa Therapy LAURA F. MORRIS, MD, NOREEN A. LEMAK, MD, FRANK C. ARNETT, JR., MD, ROBERT E. JORDON, MD, and MADELEINE DUVIC, MD, Houston, TX ABSTRACT: We describe a patient who had clinical manifestations of several autoimmune disorders: Sjogren's syndrome, benign hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The SLE was diagnosed during therapy with interferon alfa. Testing for anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies was negative until the serum was diluted to eliminate a possible prozone phenomenon of antibody excess. Interferon alfa (IFN-a) is widely used to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; warts; hairy cell, chronic lymphocytic, and chronic myelogenous leukemia; and basal and squamous cell carcinoma. Thivolet et al1 suggested that IFN-a also be used to treat discoid and subacute lupus erythematosus. Since 1989, however, 12 cases of lupus erythematosus occurring during IFN-a therapy have been reported2-10; the duration of therapy before the onset of lupus ranged from 2 weeks to 7 years. We report the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with skin lesions of subacute cutaneous lupus in a patient receiving IFN-a for primary Sjogren's syndrome and hypergammaglobulinemia. CASE REPORT A 59-year-old black woman consulted her local physician because of weariness, joint pain with morning stiffness, swelling and tenderness of the fingers, a mild skin rash ("under my clothes"), and a weight loss of 25 lb over the past year. Initial laboratory studies showed an elevated total protein and normochromic/normocytic anemia; serum protein electrophoresis suggested a monoclonal paraprotein. A diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was made, and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent was prescribed. Subsequently, an immunoglobulin quantitation showed that all immunoglobulins were elevated, especially IgM. Bone marrow hyperplasia was reported, with no evidence of lymphoma or multiple myeloma. The patient was then referred to the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center for evaluation of a possible monoclonal gammopathy associated with anemia.

57. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Links to resources relating to systemic lupus erythematosus, also known as either lupus or SLE. http://www.healthinsite.gov.au/topics/Systemic_Lupus_Erythematosus

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus HI Topics Map Autoimmune Diseases Follow the links below to information on systemic lupus erythematosus or SLE. 8 Resources Found Lupus in men Better Health Channel Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects about nine times more females than males. This means most of the research and literature is geared towards women. Men are more likely to develop discoid lupus or drug-induced lupus. Nov 2003 Lupus and pregnancy Better Health Channel Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that tends to appear in women of childbearing age. The majority of affected women are able to have children. However, these high-risk pregnancies need careful medical monitoring because of the risk of complications. Oct 2003 Lupus and medications Better Health Channel Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease. The range of drugs used to control the symptoms of lupus includes steroids, anti-malarials, aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants and cytotoxic drugs. Oct 2003 Lupus and infections Better Health Channel Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease. Approximately one third to one half of people with lupus experience infection-related complications. This is because the immune system of a person with lupus is compromised by both the disease and the medications.

58. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Table of Contents Conditions systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common form of lupus. http://www.healthandage.com/html/res/com/ConsConditions/SystemicLupusErythematos

Table of Contents Conditions Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Also Listed As: Signs and Symptoms What Causes It? Who's Most At Risk? What to Expect at Your Provider's Office ... Supporting Research Lupus usually first affects people between the ages of 15 and 45 years, but it can also occur in childhood or later in life. Patients experience periods of chronic disease and remission. The prevalence of the disease is not precisely known, ranging from an estimated 15 to 50 cases per 100,000 people. Signs and Symptoms Lupus is often accompanied by the following signs and symptoms. Extreme fatigue Painful or swollen joints (arthritis) Muscle pain and stiffness Unexplained fever Skin rashes Kidney problems Hair loss Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain Headaches, migraine, seizures, stroke Depression, anxiety, confusion Photosensitivity (sensitivity to sunlight) What Causes It? The cause of lupus is unknown. Researchers believe that there is probably no single cause but rather a combination of genetic, environmental, and possibly hormonal factors that work together. Who's Most At Risk?

59. HealthCentral - General Encyclopedia - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus General Health Encyclopedia, systemic lupus erythematosus. http://www.healthcentral.com/mhc/top/000435.cfm

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60. Lupus - Indepth Overview For Patients By Michael D. Lockshin, MD InDepth Disease Overview systemic lupus erythematosus (March 2, 2003). Michael systemic lupus erythematosus Emerging concepts. Part http://www.rheumatology.hss.edu/pat/diseaseReviews/sysLupus/sysLupus_pat.asp

Home For Patients In-Depth Disease Overviews Email a Friend ... Archive this Article In-Depth Disease Overview: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (March 2, 2003) Michael D. Lockshin, MD Attending Rheumatologist, Hospital for Special Surgery Director, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease Professor of Medicine and Obstetrics-Gynecology, Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University Definition Pathogenesis Clinical Presentation Laboratory Findings ... Annotated References I. Definition Lupus is an autoimmune illness in which parts of the immune system, which normally protect you from outside invaders, run amok and attack parts of your body. Lupus has several forms: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) , which can affect the skin and other organs throughout the body, including abnormalities in the blood; discoid lupus , which only affects the skin, causing a scarring rash (although subacute cutaneous lupus also primarily affects the skin); subacute cutaneous lupus is a form of systemic lupus in which a characteristic rash predominates, indicators in the blood are strongly positive, but involvement of other organs is usually mild; drug-induced lupus , which is relatively rare and disappears when the offending drug (such as hydralazine and procaine amide) is discontinued;

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