1. Handout On Health: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Health Topics. PDF version. Publication Date September 1997 Revised August 2003. Handout on Health systemic lupus erythematosus. systemic lupus erythematosus. http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/topics/lupus/slehandout/

Health Information Health Topics Order Publications Studies with Patients Patient Research Registries ... NIAMS Coalition Members Health Topics PDF version Publication Date September 1997 Revised August 2003 Handout on Health: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Defining Lupus Understanding What Causes Lupus Symptoms of Lupus ... Acknowledgments Information Boxes Common Symptoms of Lupus Diagnostic Tools for Lupus Warning Signs of a Flare Preventing a Flare ... Promising Areas of Research Systemic Lupus Erythematosus This booklet is for people who have systemic lupus erythematosus, commonly called SLE or lupus, as well as for their family and friends and others who want to better understand the disease. The booklet describes the disease and its symptoms and contains information about diagnosis and treatment as well as current research efforts supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) and other components of the Department of Health and Human Services' National Institutes of Health (NIH). It also discusses issues such as health care, pregnancy, and quality of life for people with lupus. If you have further questions after reading this booklet, you may wish to discuss them with your doctor. Defining Lupus Lupus is one of many disorders of the immune system known as autoimmune diseases. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system turns against parts of the body it is designed to protect. This leads to inflammation and damage to various body tissues. Lupus can affect many parts of the body, including the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood vessels, and brain. Although people with the disease may have many different symptoms, some of the most common ones include extreme fatigue, painful or swollen joints (arthritis), unexplained fever, skin rashes, and kidney problems.

2. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus A resource for families and physicians caring for children with systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases systemic lupus erythematosus. This page is provided by Thomas J What http://www.goldscout.com/page2.html

id=13897 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus This page is provided by Thomas J. A. Lehman MD Delivering the best care - with great care Dr. Lehman is the author of many textbook chapters and articles on the care of children and young adults with SLE. He practices in New York City Click here for more information about Dr. Lehman or the Hospital for Special Surgery. Click here for information on a book I have written about childhood rheumatic disease which discusses lupus in much more detail What is systemic lupus erythematosus? Systemic lupus erythematosus SLE ) is a challenging 'autoimmune' whose wide variety of manifestations makes it a necessary part of the differential diagnosis for children and adolescents with many different presenting complaints. Nonspecific complaints of fatigue and malaise are the most common initial symptoms of SLE in children and adolescents. The typical 'butterfly' rash is present in less than one-third of affected children. Many pediatricians dismiss SLE from their differential diagnosis as 'uncommon in childhood', but positive tests for antinuclear antibodies ANA ) and other findings which warrant inclusion of SLE in the differential diagnosis are in fact quite common. Further with increased recognition of 'milder' cases

3. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Lupus, discoid on a child's face. systemic lupus erythematosus rash on the face body's defenses against infection. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000435.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Systemic lupus erythematosus Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Calling your health care provider Illustrations Systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus, discoid - view of lesions on the chest Lupus, discoid on a child's face Systemic lupus erythematosus rash on the face ... Antibodies Alternative names Return to top Disseminated lupus erythematosus; SLE; Lupus; Lupus erythematosus Definition Return to top A chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that may affect many organ systems including the skin, joints and internal organs. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Normally the immune system controls the body's defenses against infection. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases , these defenses are turned against the body and rogue immune cells attack tissues. Antibodies may be produced that can react against the body's blood cells, organs, and tissues. These lead immune cells to attack the affected systems, producing

4. Lupusstudy.org Open research study at University of Minnesota seeking multiple family members with systemic disease to investigate why certain women are prone to this illness through identification of inherited genetic factors. http://www.lupusstudy.org/

The Genetics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Family Study The Division of Rheumatology at The University of Minnesota Sponsored by the National Institute of Health and the Minnesota Lupus Foundation Do you or a family member have Systemic Lupus? If so, you can be involved in the search for the cause. We are looking nationwide for individuals with lupus or families with two or more family members with lupus. We hope to discover why certain people get lupus by identifying inherited genetic factors. To date we have recruited over 360 families, but we need many more. For more information on this study please contact one of our recruiters (Carmen Stevens, R.N. or Kristine Rohlf, R.N.) at the toll-free number 1-800-515-8787 (1-800-51-LUPUS) or send email to recruiter@lupusstudy.org New Information MAPPING THE GENOME: One year later - A recent article published in the Minneapolis Star Tribune. home what is lupus? who can participate? who are we? ... lupus links

5. Connective Tissue Disorders ~ Systemic Lupus Erthematosus (SLE) systemic lupus erythematosus Fibromyalgia Global Support Group, Message Board, Live Chat Room The LupusQuest Free Ezine. systemic lupus erythematosus. http://www.medakate.org/lupus.html

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6. Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder An autoimmune process with symptoms of Scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus , Rheumatoid Arthritis and/or other autoimmune diseases. This page describes symptoms and treatments and has lists of useful links. http://hometown.aol.com/lindartc/index.htm

Main htmlAdWH('7002568', '234', '60'); NEW! Click here to join a group for spouses of people with Autoimmune Disease (Spousal Autoimmune Support Group). What is Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder? How do you know if you have Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder? What causes Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder? ... VIVIENDO CON EMTC What is Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder? Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder is an autoimmune process with symptoms of Scleroderma, Myositis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus , Rheumatoid Arthritis and/or other autoimmune diseases. It is a description of a group of symptoms occurring together. This is different from a diagnosis that describes the underlying process. It is a disorder of the immune system, which normally functions to protect the body against invading infections and cancers, and toxins. In Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder, as in other autoimmune diseases parts of the complex immune system is over-active and produces increased amounts of abnormal antibodies that attack the patient's own organs. Sometimes MCTD is called Overlap Syndrome or Undifferentiated Mix Connective Tissue Disorder. Some writers discriminate between them claiming that each of these are different. Some argue MCTD is not a distinct entity at all, and is just one of the forms of Lupus or Scleroderma.

7. SLE Pathology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Return to the tutorial menu. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease with many manifestations. http://medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/SLE/SLE.html

Pathology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Return to the tutorial menu. The images as described below have file sizes ranging from 50 to 250k. General Features Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease with many manifestations. SLE is an autoimmune disease in which the body's own immune system is directed against the body's own tissues. The etiology of SLE is not known. It can occur at all ages, but is more common in young women. The production of autoantibodies leads to immune complex formation. The immune complex deposition in many tissues leads to the manifestations of the disease. Immune complexes can be deposited in glomeruli, skin, lungs, synovium, mesothelium, and other places. Many SLE patients develop renal complications. Laboratory Testing The presence of autoantibodies can usually be determined by the antinuclear antibody (ANA) test performed on patient serum from blood. The titer, or strength, of the ANA gives a rough indication of the severity of the disease. Not all positive ANA tests indicate autoimmune disease, particularly when the titer is low. After a positive screening ANA test, more specific tests for SLE include detection of autoantibodies to double stranded DNA and to Smith antigen. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test with homogenous pattern, Hep2 cell substrate, FITC immunofluorescence.

8. THROMBOCYTOPENIA DURING PREGNANCY An in depth look at gestational thrombocytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, HELLP syndrome, toxemia of pregnancy, TTP and HUS, systemic lupus erythematosus and APA syndrome. http://www.kfshrc.edu.sa/annals/182/97-160.html

Review Article THROMBOCYTOPENIA DURING PREGNANCY Abdul Rahim Gari-Bai, Fachartz (Hematology) As platelets play an important role in primary and secondary hemostasis, any decrease in their count in peripheral blood causes justifiable concern. This is particularly the case during pregnancy, when bleeding problems, particularly during first and third trimester, as well as during and after delivery, often occur. Therefore, thrombocytopenia can be hazardous for pregnant women with such complications. As well, neonates are exposed to a great mechanical stress during the passage through the birth canal, and they may be affected by maternal thrombocytopenia. Because of such hazards to both mother and newborn, a good understanding of the various mechanisms of thrombocytopenia is needed. /l) is usually associated with bleeding risk only after trauma. Moderate thrombocytopenia (10-50x10 /L) can cause spontaneous but usually not serious bleeding. Such serious hemorrhages usually occur at levels below 10x10 /L. Bleeding risk is higher if thrombocytopenia is due to reduced production rather than increased consumption. Prophylactic platelet transfusion is recommended in the former, while in cases of peripheral destruction, platelets are only transfused on a therapeutic basis, i.e., in case of actual bleeding.

9. Lupus: Medical Information About The Diseases Of Lupus, Its Causes, Symptoms, Di When internal organs are involved, the condition is called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Topics Related to systemic lupus erythematosus. Doctors Views. http://www.medicinenet.com/Systemic_Lupus/article.htm

MedicineNet Home Arthritis Home > Systemic Lupus Advanced Search Printer-Friendly Format Add to Favorites Email to a Friend ... Next page Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE or Lupus) Medical Author: William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR What is lupus? What causes lupus? What are the symptoms of lupus? ... Systemic Lupus At A Glance What is lupus? Lupus is a condition of chronic inflammation caused by an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases are illnesses which occur when the body's tissues are attacked by its own immune system. The immune system is a complex system within the body that is designed to fight infectious agents, for example, bacteria, and other foreign invaders. One of the mechanisms that the immune system uses to fight infections is the production of antibodies. Patients with lupus produce abnormal antibodies in their blood that target tissues within their own body rather than foreign infectious agents. Lupus can cause disease of the skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, joints, and nervous system. When only the skin is involved, the condition is called discoid lupus. When internal organs are involved, the condition is called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Both discoid and systemic lupus are more common in women than men (about eight times more common). The disease can affect all ages but most commonly begins from age 20 to 45 years. It is more frequent in African-Americans and people of Chinese and Japanese descent.

10. LUPUS ASSOCIATION (SINGAPORE) About systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Singapore, for the layperson and the patient. Chinese guide also available. http://home1.pacific.net.sg/~lupusas/

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11. SLE Pathology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Return to the tutorial menu. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease with many manifestations http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/SLE/SLE.html

Pathology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Return to the tutorial menu. The images as described below have file sizes ranging from 50 to 250k. General Features Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease with many manifestations. SLE is an autoimmune disease in which the body's own immune system is directed against the body's own tissues. The etiology of SLE is not known. It can occur at all ages, but is more common in young women. The production of autoantibodies leads to immune complex formation. The immune complex deposition in many tissues leads to the manifestations of the disease. Immune complexes can be deposited in glomeruli, skin, lungs, synovium, mesothelium, and other places. Many SLE patients develop renal complications. Laboratory Testing The presence of autoantibodies can usually be determined by the antinuclear antibody (ANA) test performed on patient serum from blood. The titer, or strength, of the ANA gives a rough indication of the severity of the disease. Not all positive ANA tests indicate autoimmune disease, particularly when the titer is low. After a positive screening ANA test, more specific tests for SLE include detection of autoantibodies to double stranded DNA and to Smith antigen. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test with homogenous pattern, Hep2 cell substrate, FITC immunofluorescence.

12. Treatment Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Update - June 1998 - American Acad Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus An Update. 4. Diagnostic Considerations. TABLE 1 Classification Criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus*. http://www.aafp.org/afp/980600ap/petri.html

Advanced Search Articles Departments Patient Information Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Update MICHELLE PETRI, M.D., M.P.H., Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Systemic lupus erythematosus predominantly affects women and is more common in blacks. Although survival rates have improved, over one half of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have permanent damage in one or more organ systems. Arthritis and cutaneous manifestations are most common, but renal, hematologic and neurologic manifestations contribute largely to morbidity and mortality. Treatment approaches emphasize using a combination of drugs to minimize chronic exposure to corticosteroids. S ystemic lupus erythematosus has fascinated physicians for almost a century and remains the prototypic autoimmune disease. Although it is estimated to affect one out of every 1,000 white persons and one out of every 250 black women from 18 to 65 years of age, systemic lupus erythematosus is certainly not the most common example of autoimmunity encountered by physicians. Positive antinuclear antibodies are extremely common in the general population, occurring in as many as 10 to 20 percent of young women. Localized autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune thyroid disease, are also much more common than systemic lupus erythematosus.

13. Lupus Trust Of New Zealand - Home Page Volunteer organisation dedicated to raising awareness of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) within the New Zealand community. http://www.lupus.org.nz/

The Lupus Trust of New Zealand is a self-funded non-profit organization served by volunteers. Registered Charity Number AK1187700 We are committed to understanding and supporting people with Lupus and related autoimmune diseases. Please visit our Objectives page for further information. FastCounter by bCentral Last modified: 26 May, 2004

14. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical Overview Clinical overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic, usually lifelong, potentially fatal autoimmune disease. Recommended Lupus Books Shop for Lupus Introduction. Systemic Lupus http://www.cerebel.com/lupus/overview.html

Lupus Clinical Overview H. Michael Belmont, M.D. Medical Director, Hospital for Joint Diseases New York University Medical Center Recommended Lupus Books Shop for Lupus Introduction Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, usually life-long, potentially fatal autoimmune disease characterized by unpredictable exacerbations and remissions with protean clinical manifestations. In SLE there is a predilection for clinical involvement of the joints, skin, kidney, brain, serosa, lug, heart and gastrointestinal tract. Women and minorities are disproportionately affected and SLE is most common in women of child-bearing age although it has ben reported in both extremes of life (e.g. diagnosed in infants and in the tenth decade of life). The prevalence in the Unites States had been estimated as approximately 500,000 but a recent telephone survey commissioned by the Lupus Foundation of America suggested a prevalence of as many as 2,000,000. A recent study identified a prevalence of 500 per 100,000 (1:200) in women residing in the area surrounding Birmingham, Alabama. The prognosis for patients with SLE has greatly improved over the last few decades with at least 80-90% of all patients surviving ten years. Thereafter life expectancy approximates that of age matched controls. This improvement reflects the general advancements in health care (i.e. dialysis, antibiotics, antihypertensives, newer immunosuppressives with more favorable efficacy to toxicity ration) but also the specialized care available for patients with SLE.

15. Diagnosis Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - December 1, 2003 - American Family P Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem inflammatory disease that is often difficult to diagnose. http://www.aafp.org/afp/20031201/2179.html

Advanced Search Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus JAMES M. GILL, M.D., M.P.H., Christiana Care Health Services, Wilmington, Delaware ANNA M. QUISEL, M.D., Newark, Delaware PETER V. ROCCA, M.D., Wilmington, Delaware DENE T. WALTERS, M.D., Christiana Care Health Services, Wilmington, Delaware A PDF version of this document is available. Download PDF now (8 pages /95 KB). More information on using PDF files. See page 2113 for definitions of strength-of-evidence levels. S ystemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, recurrent, potentially fatal multisystem inflammatory disorder that can be difficult to diagnose. The disease has no single diagnostic marker; instead, it is identified through a combination of clinical and laboratory criteria. Accurate diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus is important because treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality, particularly from lupus nephritis. This article reviews evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus by primary care physicians. Methods TABLE 1 Resources Used for an Evidence-Based Review of the Literature on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus American College of Physicians Journal Club ( http://www.acpjc.org

16. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus In 1851, doctors coined this name for the disease because they thought the facial rash that frequently accompanies lupus looked like the bite of a wolf. groups discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus, and druginduced systemic lupus erythematosus http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/926062834.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Arthritis Skin/Dermatology By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Lupus means "wolf." Erythematosus means "redness." In 1851, doctors coined this name for the disease because they thought the facial rash that frequently accompanies lupus looked like the bite of a wolf. Lupus can be categorized into three groups: discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus, and drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is characterized by a skin rash only. It occurs in about 20% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The lesions are patchy, crusty, sharply defined skin plaques that may scar. These lesions are usually seen on the face or other sun-exposed areas. DLE may cause patchy, bald areas on the scalp and hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation in older lesions. Biopsy of a lesion will usually confirm the diagnosis. Topical and intralesional corticosteroids are usually effective for localized lesions; antimalarial drugs may be needed for more generalized lesions. DLE only rarely progresses to systemic lupus erythematosus. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, or lupus) is a chronic, inflammatory, multisystem disorder of the immune system. In SLE, the body develops antibodies that react against the person's own normal tissue. This abnormal response leads to the many manifestations of SLE and can be very damaging. The course is unpredictable and individualized; no two patients are alike. Lupus is not contagious, infectious, or malignant. It usually develops in young women of childbearing years, but many men and children also develop lupus. African Americans and Hispanics have a higher frequency of this disease than do Caucasians. SLE also appears in the first-degree relatives of lupus patients more often than it does in the general population, which indicates a strong hereditary component. However, most cases of SLE occur sporadically, indicating that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of the disease.

17. Lupus/Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Lupus/systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). systemic lupus erythematosus involves chronic inflammation that can affect many parts of the body, including http://www.arthritis.org/conditions/DiseaseCenter/lupus.asp

Welcome! Log In Create Profile advanced search Español ... 51 Ways to Be Good to Your Joints Lupus/Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) If your question is not answered here, please contact one of our information specialists. What Is It? What Are the Symptoms? What Causes It? How Is It Diagnosed? ... More Information About Lupus What Is It? Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (sis-TEM-ick LOO-pus err-ah-theme-ahTOE-sus) is a chronic (long-lasting) rheumatic disease which affects joints, muscles and other parts of the body. Lupus involves inflammation (the immune system's response to kill foreign agents, virus, bacteria). Systemic lupus erythematosus involves chronic inflammation that can affect many parts of the body, including: Heart Lungs Skin Joints Blood-forming organs Kidneys Nervous system There are several types of lupus: Discoid lupus affects the skin. Drug-induced lupus occurs because of a reaction to drugs. Symptoms, however, disappear once the drugs are discontinued. Crossover, or overlap, syndromes indicate features that overlap with another rheumatic disease.

18. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus. March 2000. WHAT IS systemic lupus erythematosus? systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, often lifelong, autoimmune disease that ranges from mild to severe and afflicts mostly women. course through the body. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may affect widespread sites http://wellness.ucdavis.edu/medical_conditions_az/systemiclupus63.html

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus March 2000 WHAT IS SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS? Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, often life-long, autoimmune disease that ranges from mild to severe and afflicts mostly women. The primary characteristics of the disease are fatigue, joint pain, and recurrent injuries in the vessels that course through the body. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may affect widespread sites, but it often manifests in the skin, joints, blood, and kidneys. SLE was first described in 1828. Its name includes "lupus," from the Latin term for wolf, because the disease often produces a rash that extends across the bridge of the nose and upper cheekbones and was thought to resemble a wolf bite. The term erythematosus (from the Greek word for red) refers to the color of the rash, and the term systemic is used because the disease can affect organs and tissue throughout the body. WHAT CAUSES SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS? Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex disorder that occurs as a consequence of a number of independent biologic and other factors. An autoimmune response, in which immune factors attack the person's own cells, is central to the disease process. Such a response is probably activated in people with a combination of genetic factors that make them susceptible to it. In addition, factors, such as viruses or sunlight, that assault the body's cells or affect other changes are necessary to trigger the abnormal immune response to begin with.

19. EMedicine - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus : Article By David W Lamont, DO systemic lupus erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving multiple organ systems that is defined clinically and http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic564.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Rheumatology Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Last Updated: December 4, 2001 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: SLE AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: David W Lamont, DO , Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, St Francis Hospital Coauthor(s): Mai Kim Lai, MD , Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sparrow Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine; Steven H Silber, DO, FACEP , Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Vice Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital David W Lamont, DO, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians American Medical Association American Osteopathic Association Emergency Medicine Residents' Association , and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Editor(s): Richard S Krause, MD

20. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune illness that causes a characteristic rash accompanied by inflammation of connective tissue, particularly joints, throughout the body. In systemic lupus erythematosus. Also indexed as Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), DLE, Lupus, SLE http://www.gnc.com/health_notes/Concern/Lupus.htm

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Also indexed as: Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), DLE, Lupus, SLE Introduction Checklist Symptoms Treatments ... References Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune illness that causes a characteristic rash accompanied by inflammation of connective tissue, particularly joints, throughout the body. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system attacks the body instead of protecting it. Kidney, lung, and vascular damage are potential problems resulting from SLE. The cause of SLE is unknown, though 90% of cases occur in women of childbearing age. Several drugs, such as procainamide, hydralazine methyldopa , and chlorpromazine, may create SLE-like symptoms. Similarly, environmental pollution and industrial emissions may also trigger SLE-like symptoms in some people. In one reported case, zinc supplementation appears to have aggravated drug-induced SLE. Ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure is a commonly recognized trigger of lupus. Some chemicals found in dyes, such as hydrazine and tartrazine

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