21. Syphilis And AIDS Lessons From History Transcripts. Related writings. syphilis in history photos and illustrations.Links to related sites syphilis in history photos and illustrations. http://radio.cbc.ca/programs/ideas/Aids/

22. Health Experts Syphilis Rates Rising CNN http://cnn.com/2004/HEALTH/conditions/03/08/sex.stats.reut/index.html

23. Page Moved - Syphilis The symptoms of syphilis occur in stages called primary, secondary and late The third stage, called late syphilis (syphilis of over four years' duration), may involve illness in the http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/consumer/syph.htm

location.href="/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/syph.htm"; Page moved click here if your browser does not forward you to the new page. http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/syph.htm

24. UVa-HSL In keeping with the goals of the Tuskegee Legacy Committee, this exhibit aims topreserve collective memory of the Tuskegee syphilis Study and the ongoing http://hsc.virginia.edu/hs-library/historical/apology/

THE TROUBLING LEGACY OF THE TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS STUDY Although the President's words formally closed this ignoble chapter in the history of American public health, the Study's repercussions are still felt in African-American communities and the bio-medical professions. In keeping with the goals of the Legacy Committee, this exhibit aims to preserve collective memory of the Tuskegee Study and the ongoing transformation of its legacy. Overview of the symposium, "Doing Bad in the Name of Good?" February 23, 1994 The final report of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Legacy Committee, May 20, 1996 The Presidential Apology, May 16, 1997 NPR Story July 25, 2002, "Remembering Tuskegee: Syphilis Study Still Provokes Disbelief, Sadness" The Claude Moore Health Sciences Library 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue P.O. Box 800722 Charlottesville , VA 22908 For comments and suggestions about this page: Last Modified: Friday, July 11 2003 of the University of Virginia About This Site

25. CNN.com - Syphilis Rate Rises For Second Consecutive Year - Nov. 21, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/conditions/11/20/syphilis.cdc.ap/index.html

International Edition MEMBER SERVICES The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Services CNNtoGO Contact Us SEARCH Web CNN.com Syphilis rate rises for second consecutive year Story Tools HEALTH LIBRARY Health Library Men's Health Women's Health Care for the whole family ATLANTA, Georgia (AP) The nation's syphilis rate has climbed for the second year in a row, mostly because of an increase in cases among gay and bisexual men, the government said Thursday. Between 2001 and 2002, the syphilis rate rose 9.1 percent from 2.2 cases per 100,000 people to 2.4 cases, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said. The rate had dropped every year between 1990 and 2000 before reversing course. The actual increase in cases was small 759 more people, for a total of 6,862 new cases but the rise among gay and bisexual men has caused concern that the public health safeguards and safe-sex practices adopted over the last two decades during the AIDS epidemic continue to crumble. "The vast majority of the United States is not seeing any syphilis at all," said Dr. John Douglas, director of the CDC's division of sexually transmitted diseases. "We're seeing syphilis rise primarily in groups of gay and bisexual men." YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS Follow the news that matters to you.

26. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study Legacy Committee Report Abstract of the syphilis Study Legacy Committee Final Report of May 20,1996. 1. A Presidential Apology for the Tuskegee syphilis Study. http://hsc.virginia.edu/hs-library/historical/apology/report.html

A Request for Redress of the Wrongs of Tuskegee In January 1996, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Legacy Committee met at Tuskegee University to explore how the government and the nation could publicly address the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and its impact. The final report of the Committee from May 20, 1996 is abstracted and presented in its entirety below: Abstract of the Syphilis Study Legacy Committee Final Report of May 20, 1996 From 1932 to 1972, 399 poor black sharecroppers in Macon County, Alabama were denied treatment for syphilis and deceived by physicians of the Unites States Public Health Service. As part of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, designed to document the natural history of the disease, these men were told that they were being treated for "bad blood." In fact, government officials went to extreme lengths to insure that they received no therapy from any source. As reported by the New York Times on 26 July 1972, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study was revealed as "the longest nontherapeutic experiment on human beings in medical history." The Study continues to cast a long shadow over the relationship between African Americans and the bio-medical professions; it is argued that the Study is a significant factor in the low participation of African Americans in clinical trials, organ donation efforts, and routine preventive care. In view of this unacknowleged wrong and the the damage it has caused, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Legacy Committee pursues two inseparable goals:

27. CNN.com - Health - Syphilis Down, Gonorrhea Up In U.S., Study Finds - December 5 CNN http://cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/12/05/health.stds.reut/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Syphilis down, gonorrhea up in U.S., study finds WASHINGTON (Reuters) Syphilis rates are the lowest they have been since officials started keeping track in the United States, the government said Tuesday, but gonorrhea rates have started a troubling rise. These figures suggest that targeted information campaigns work, and that keeping people in the dark about sexually transmitted diseases gives those illnesses a chance to take hold, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said in its report, released at a meeting in Milwaukee.

28. EMedicine - Syphilis : Article By Bradley Pulver, MD syphilis syphilis is an infectious disease caused by the spirocheteTreponema pallidum. syphilis. Last Updated August 28, 2001, http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic563.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Infectious Diseases Syphilis Last Updated: August 28, 2001 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Bradley Pulver, MD , Assistant Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center Bradley Pulver, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine Editor(s): Joseph J Sachter, MD, FACEP , Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Muhlenberg Regional Medical Center; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD , Senior Pharmacy Editor, Pharmacy, eMedicine; , Director of Stanford Travel Medicine, Medical Director of Stanford Lifeflight, Assistant Professor, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine; John Halamka, MD

29. Syphilis Rates On The Rise Again CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/conditions/01/31/syphilis.rate.ap/index.html

30. EMedicine - Syphilis : Article By Peter Liu, MD syphilis syphilis is a venereal disease that can also be acquired byexposure to infected blood. The organism can cross the placenta http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic2224.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Infectious Diseases Syphilis Last Updated: August 16, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: venereal disease, sexually transmitted disease, STD, yaws, pinta, syphilemia, syphilid, syphiloderm, syphiloderma, chancres, gumma, syphiloma, syphilitic infection, Treponema pallidum, T pallidum, lues venerea, malum venereum AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Peter Liu, MD , Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Hospital Center Arlington Coauthor(s): Brian Euerle, MD , Program Director, Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School; Pranatharthi Haran Chandrasekar, MD , Director of Infectious Disease Fellowship, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Harper Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine Peter Liu, MD, is a member of the following medical societies:

31. Mother-to-child Syphilis Rate Down CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/parenting/07/13/syphilis.babies.ap/index.html

32. Internet Resources On The Tuskegee Study A Message from the Director of the CDC about the Tuskegee syphilis Study. 12. Reportof the syphilis Study Legacy Committee, and the Presidential Apology. http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~shale/humanities/composition/assignments/experiment/

Internet Resources on the Tuskeegee Study Taliaferro Clark, Head of the Public Health Service at the beginning of the Tuskegee Experiment General Background A Message from the Director of the CDC about the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. "On this page you will find a brief history of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, a syphilis fact sheet, and information on the protection of research participants." America's Dirty Little Secret. Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment from The Association for the Advancement of Blacks in Health Sciences . General background and images based largely on James Jones' Bad Blood The Tuskegee Syphilis Study by Edward Brent. How the study violated ethical principles of research. Protection from Harm: The Tuskeegee Syphilis Study by J. T. Stocks, Michigan State University. Based largely on James Jones' Bad Blood , with a discussion of the impact of the study on present-day attitudes of African-Americans toward research Caso Tuskegee A brief summary of the study, in Portuguese, by José Roberto Goldim Documents from the Tuskegee Study Twenty Years of Followup Experience In a Long-Range Medical Study by Eunice Rivers, Stanley Schuman, Lloyd Simpson, and Sidney Olansky

33. The Sex Project: Syphilis Learn how to prevent this sexually transmitted disease. http://www.sex-project.com/syphilis.shtml

Features Home Sex News - News Archives Forum Watch Interact Sex Project Forums Sex Project Chat Ask a Sex Question Send Us Stuff ... Sexuality Survey Sex Guides Anal Sex Condoms Contraception Female Anatomy ... The Kama Sutra For Him Cunnilingus If She's a Virgin Male Masturbation Measure Your Penis ... Suck Your Own Dick For Her Am I Pregnant? Blowjobs Fellatio Female Masturbation ... Oral Sex Techniques Articles Female Sex Response Gay Double Standard Male Circumcision Male Sex Response ... The Colors of Sex STDs AIDS Chlamydia Genital Herpes Gonorrhea ... Other STD's Fun Stuff Orgasm Demo Sex Jokes Sex Quotes Sex Toy Store Syphilis Article courtesy of the NIAID Syphilis, once a cause of devastating epidemics, can be effectively diagnosed and treated with antibiotic therapy. In 1996, 11,387 cases of primary and secondary syphilis in the United States were reported to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Although treatment is available, the early symptoms of syphilis can be very mild, and many people do not seek treatment when they first become infected. Of increasing concern is the fact that syphilis increases the risk of transmitting and acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium called Treponema pallidum. The initial infection causes an ulcer at the site of infection; however, the bacteria move throughout the body, damaging many organs over time. Medical experts describe the course of the disease by dividing it into four stages - primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary (late). An infected person who has not been treated may infect others during the first two stages, which usually last one to two years. In its late stages, untreated syphilis, although not contagious, can cause serious heart abnormalities, mental disorders, blindness, other neurologic problems, and death.

34. Syphilis Cases Drop To Record Low CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/11/28/syphilis.rate.ap/index.html

35. Health Officials Alarmed By Syphilis Outbreak CNN http://cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/conditions/09/28/cdc.syphilis.ap/index.html

36. Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment The Tuskegee syphilis Experiment. The US government s 40year experimenton black men with syphilis. by Borgna Brunner. The United http://www.infoplease.com/spot/bhmtuskegee1.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... D-Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment The U.S. government's 40-year experiment on black men with syphilis by Borgna Brunner For forty years between 1932 and 1972, the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) conducted an experiment on 399 black men in the late stages of syphilis Using Human Beings as Laboratory Animals Taliaferro Clark, Head of the U.S. Public Health Service at the outset of the experiment. Bad Blood, A Heavy Price in the Name of Bad Science The fact that autopsies would eventually be required was also concealed. By the end of the experiment, 28 of the men had died directly of syphilis, 100 were dead of related complications, 40 of their wives had been infected, and 19 of their children had been born with congenital syphilis. How had these men been induced to endure a fatal disease in the name of science? Following Doctors' Orders It takes little imagination to ascribe racist attitudes to the white government officials who ran the experiment, but what can one make of the numerous African Americans who collaborated with them? The experiment's name comes from the

37. Pfizerpen Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Penicillin G Dosing, administration, and other prescribing information for buffered Pfizerpen for injection, an antibacterial agent used such pathogens as syphilis and anthrax. http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/pengk.htm

potassium - RxList Monographs Penicillin G potassium HEALTH LIBRARY ADD/ADHD Allergy Alternative Medicine Arthritis Asthma Beyond Dieting Breast Cancer Cancer Awareness Cardio Health Children's Health Contraception COPD/Emphysema Dental Health Diabetes Elder Care Emergency Room Epilepsy Erectile Dysfunction Eye Care Fertility Fitness Gastrointestinal Health Hair Loss Headache Healthcare Today Healthy Aging HIV and AIDS Infectious Diseases Kidney Health Leukemia Liver Health Lung Cancer Lymphoma Multiple Sclerosis Men's Health Mental Health Nutrition Osteoporosis Sexual Health Skin Health Sleep Disorders Special Events Stroke Teen Health Thyroid Health Urologic Health Vascular Disease Women's Health Workplace Health Health Updates Get the latest health information from leading experts, delivered direct to your email box! HEALTH HEADLINES Advertisement LOW CARB DIET safe for diabetics? DESCRIPTION agent for intramuscular, continuous intravenous drip, intrapleural or other local infusion, and intrathecal administration. Each million units contains approximately 6.8 mg of sodium (0.3 mEq) and 65.6

38. Discovery Channel :: News :: Italian Skeletons Reveal Disease From Discovery Channel, before Columbus discovered the New World, arthritis and syphilis were absent from Italy. http://dsc.discovery.com/news/briefs/20040412/syphilis.html

postionList = "compscreen,admedia,tile300x250,nuiad"; OAS_RICH("admedia"); June 02, 2004 EDT Italian Skeletons Reveal Old World Diseases By Rossella Lorenzi, Discovery News Columbus: Syphilis Spreader? April 12, 2004 Involving various sites throughout Italy, the study examined 688 skeletons dating from the Bronze Age to the Black Plague epidemic of 1485-1486. The remains were investigated for the presence of bony alterations characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, gout, spondyloarthropathy and syphilis-causing organisms, called treponemes. See it on TV: Get a reminder to watch "Discovery Sunday." Explore More: in "Unsolved History" Read about researchers working in the field featured in our Discovery Quest series. Indeed, syphilis is known to scar and deform bones. Legend holds that Columbus and his crew contracted syphilis in the New World and caused an outbreak in Europe. "Prior to Columbus, Italy was like a virgin. Rheumatoid arthritis and syphilis were not present, further supporting the contention that they are New World-derived diseases," Bruce Rothschild, the paleopathologist at the Arthritis Center of Northeast Ohio who carried the study, told Discovery News. The research matches Rothschild's previous studies, which found no evidence of syphilis in the Old World before Columbus. However, 687 skeletons from eight different populations in the New World, ranging in age from 400 to 6,000 years old, displayed signs of syphilis in bones that were at least 800 years old.

39. Syphilis Facts Factsheet with cause, signs, and symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/syphilis.html

Syphilis Syphilis is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection. Syphilis is most often passed from person to person through sexual contact. It can also be passed from an infected pregnant woman to her unborn child. Syphilis is treatable with antibiotics. Without treatment, syphilis moves through the body in stages, damaging many organs over time. Infected persons are highly infectious during the early stages. To prevent syphilis: 1) do not have sex with persons who have genital sores; 2) use condoms with new sex partners; 2) if you think you are infected, avoid sexual contact and see a health-care provider; 3) tell all sexual contacts to see a health-care provider. All pregnant women should receive a prenatal blood test for syphilis. What is syphilis? Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that progresses in stages and can damage many parts of the body. What is the infectious agent that causes syphilis? Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum , a spiral-shaped bacterium called a spirochete.

40. Communicable Disease Fact Sheet syphilis. Version en español. What is syphilis? syphilis is a bacterial infection,primarily a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Who gets syphilis? http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/syph.htm

Return to Communicable Disease Home Page From the ... What's New Syphilis Further Information Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research What is syphilis? Syphilis is a bacterial infection, primarily a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Who gets syphilis? Any sexually active person can be infected with syphilis, although there is a greater incidence among young people between the ages of 15 and 30 years. It is more prevalent in urban than rural areas. How is syphilis spread? Syphilis is spread by sexual contact with an infected individual, with the exception of congenital syphilis, which is spread from mother to fetus. Transmission by sexual contact requires exposure to moist lesions of skin or mucous membranes. What are the symptoms of syphilis? How soon do symptoms appear? Symptoms can appear from 10 to 90 days after a person becomes infected, but usually within three to four weeks. Symptoms are often not noticed or are thought to be minor abrasions or heat rash and medical care is not sought. When and for how long is a person able to spread syphilis? Syphilis is considered to be communicable for a period of up to two years, possibly longer. The extent of communicability depends on the existence of infectious lesions (sores), which may or may not be visible.

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