41. Journal Of AAPOS Presents expert information on children's eye diseases and on strabismus as it impacts all age groups. Official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and strabismus. http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/scripts/om.dll/serve?action=searchDB&searc

42. STRABISMUS strabismus. OBJECTIVES. This module is designed to review common types of strabismus seen by family practitioners and pediatricians. http://www.eyesite.ca/7modules/Module1/html/Mod1_TOC.html

STRABISMUS Self Assessment Pseudoesotropia Incomitance Congenital esotropia ... Vertical strabismus OBJECTIVES This module is designed to review common types of strabismus seen by family practitioners and pediatricians. The accompanying slides will illustrate some types of ocular misalignment and show how they are commonly treated. Begin with the pre-self-assessment questions to identify learning objectives and then follow with the sections and their accompanying set of slides (66). Created: 1997 June 28 Last modified: 1998 Dec 13

43. Strabismus In Infants strabismus in Infants. by Dr. Moshe Ipp. Newborns Abnormal? When Should We Be Concerned About Amblyopia Developing In strabismus In Infants? http://www.utoronto.ca/kids/strabismus.html

Strabismus in Infants by Dr. Moshe Ipp Newborns Often Seem To Cross Their Eyes. By What Age Should This Be Considered Abnormal? When Should We Be Concerned About Amblyopia Developing In Strabismus In Infants? Reference: Sjostrand J. and Abrahamsson M., Prevention of Amblyopia and The Concept of Cure. European Journal of Ophthalmology, 1997;7:121-129 Click to return to home page

44. Blindness And Visual Impairment Centre: Strabismus strabismus (turned eyes). What is strabismus? strabismus is focused. What causes strabismus? strabismus can run in families. Sometimes http://www.cnib.ca/eng/eye_con/cospubs/strabsms.htm

Home What's New Search Site Français Strabismus (turned eyes) What is strabismus? What causes strabismus? How is strabismus diagnosed? Is my child especially at risk? How is strabismus treated? What is strabismus? Strabismus is the medical term for misalignment of the eyes — two eyes that are not straight. It occurs in at least 5% of the population. There are three common types: Esotropia, or “crossed eye” One eye is turned inward, toward the nose. Achild may be born with this condition, or it may develop a few months after birth or around age 2 to 3. Exotropia, often called “wall-eye” in the past One eye is turned outward, away from the nose. Achild is rarely born with this condition. More often, it develops later. Vertical strabismus The eyes are out of alignment vertically. Strabismus can cause a couple of different vision problems: Defective binocular vision The eyes need to be straight for the brain to combine the images seen by the two eyes into a single picture. This gives us 3-D vision, which allows us to judge depth. Any turn of the eye can interrupt 3-D vision. As well, if an eye turns in, it can reduce the total field of vision.

45. Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust : Squint (strabismus) Eye Health Squint (strabismus), generate a printable page printable page. Squint (strabismus). A squint is the common name for strabismus http://www.moorfields.org.uk/EyeHealth/Squintstrabismus

Home Eye Health For Patients For Health Professionals ... Cataracts Squint (strabismus) Childhood squint Adult squint Squint facts Diabetic Retinopathy ... Eye Health Squint (strabismus) printable page Squint (strabismus) A squint is the common name for 'strabismus' which is the medical term used to describe eyes that are not pointing in the same direction. Squints are also sometimes called 'lazy eye' or 'cast' according to the direction of the turn of the eye. The squint may be present all or only part of the time, in only one eye or alternating between the two eyes. A squint can occur for a number of reasons: Refractive (focusing) abnormality Eye muscle imbalance These separately or together cause squint. It can run in families Illness - can make it obvious Injury Rarely, it can be due to other diseases or illness. Treatment of squints is different for adults and children. Some or much of the treatment you will undergo will be in the orthoptics department of Moorfields Eye Hospital. More information: Childhood squint Adult squint General information about squints Orthoptics department ... Terms and Conditions

46. Untitled strabismus Web Book. Authors. Scott E. Olitsky, MD. The Children s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City. Leonard B. Nelson, MD. Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia. Chapters. http://www.members.aol.com/scottolitsky/webbook.htm

Strabismus Web Book Authors Scott E. Olitsky, M.D. The Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City Leonard B. Nelson, M.D. Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia Chapters Pseudoesotropia Congenital Esotropia Accommodative Esotropia Intermittent Exotropia ... Third Nerve Palsy (Oculomotor Nerve Palsy) Fourth Nerve Palsy (Superior Oblique Palsy) Sixth Nerve Palsy (Abducens Nerve Palsy) Double Elevator Palsy Duane's Retraction Syndrome Brown's Syndrome Mobius Syndrome ... Congenital Fibrosis Syndrome

47. Strabismus Online Information Resource How to Navigate Through This Site Use the navigation menu above (eg Home, Atlas of strabismus, etc ) to select which area you would like to visit. http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/ophthalmology/

/* Static Top Menu Script By Constantin Kuznetsov Jr. (GoldenFox@bigfoot.com) Featured on Dynamicdrive.com For full source code and installation instructions to this script, visit Dynamicdrive.com */ Welcome Website Objective: This site is designed to teach basic principles of strabismus in a case-based, interactive fashion to ophthalmologists, neurologists, and ophthalmology/neurology residents. How to Navigate Through This Site: Use the navigation menu above (e.g. Home, Atlas of Strabismus, etc...) to select which area you would like to visit. The menu is present throughout the entire site so that with a single mouse click you can jump from one area to another. To return to this page, just click on "home". When viewing pictures on this site, position the mouse over any given image and read the associated text. Website Authors: Daniel Flanders MDCM 2002 Pascale Dubé MD Michael Flanders MD, FRCSC

48. Pediatric And Adult Strabismus Site Synopsis This site is designed to teach basic principles of strabismus in a casebased, interactive fashion. Plugins Required None. http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/dir/ophthalmology.html

Molson Medical Informatics Project Student Project Site Faculty of Medicine McGill University Pediatric and Adult Strabismus Student Author(s): Dan Flanders Class of '02 Supervisor(s): Pascale Dubé MD Michael Flanders MD, FRCSC Intended Audience: Ophthalmologists, neurologists, and ophthalmology/neurology residents Site Synopsis: This site is designed to teach basic principles of strabismus in a case-based, interactive fashion Plugins Required: None Date Completed: Ongoing visitors since 27/08/2002

49. HON Mother & Child Glossary, Strabismus In Childhood . strabismus or squint......HON Mother Child Glossary, strabismus in Childhood. strabismus or squint strabismus in Childhood. http://www.hon.ch/Dossier/MotherChild/child_eye/eye_strabismus.html

Introduction Reproduction Pregnancy During Pregnancy ... Glossary A-Z Childhood Illness Bacteria Virus Cancer Gastrointestinal ... Mental Health Strabismus in Childhood Description Strabismus or squint/crossed eyes , occurs when there is a misalignment or lack of co-ordination between the two eyes. Generally with this condition, the two eyes point in different directions. The misalignment is a result of the failure of the eye muscles to work together properly, caused by muscle weakness in the eye (leading to uneven muscle development), injury, other eye diseases, a brain tumour, or a tumour in the eye (cf. childhood cancer It is usually diagnosed in childhood, but can also occur later in life. An estimated 4% of American children have some degree of crossed eyes and it affects boys and girls equally. Most children with crossed eyes are otherwise normal, but there is a high incidence of this disorder in children with cerebral palsy and hydrocephalus. Crossed eyes often worsen when eye muscles are tired-for example, late in the day, in bright sunshine, or during the course of an illness. Crossed eyes sometimes cause double vision in children, but more commonly does in adults. If untreated, crossed eyes are likely to worsen with age. Crossed eyes are classified by the way the eye deviates: Esotropia or convergent strabismus . The most common form, which occurs when the eye turns in toward the nose. More than 50% of children with crossed eyes have this form.

50. ORJ: Pediatrics And Strabismus Ophthalmology Review Journal. Established 1995. Pediatrics and strabismus. Wilson E. Wang XH. Rust PF. Apple DJ. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology strabismus. http://www.ophthal.org/ORJ/peds/

Language French German Norwegian Spanish Italian Portuguese Chinese-S Japanese Reviews by Subspecialty Cornea General Ophthalmology Glaucoma Neuro-Ophthalmology ... Retina/Vitreous Journal Contents Acta Ophthalmol Scand Am Jour Ophthalmol Arch Ophthalmol Aust N Z J Ophthalmol ... Surv Ophthalmol Enter keywords... Ophthalmology Review Journal Established 1995 Pediatrics and Strabismus Success Rates of Nasolacrimal Duct Probing at Time Intervals after 1 Year of Age Richard Robb, MD Ophthalmology 1998;105:1307-1310 Late probing is effective. Dogma refuted again? Monocanalicular intubation with Monoka tubes for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Kaufman LM, Guay-Bhatia LA Ophthalmol 1998 Feb;105(2):336-341 For congenital NLD obstruction, use bicanalicular tubing. Assessing visual function in children younger than 1 1/2 years with normal and subnormal vision: evaluation of methods Rydberg A, Ericson B J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1998 Nov-Dec;35(6):312-9 Current screening methods leave something to be desired. Flicker perimetry in diabetic children without retinopathy.

51. Medicine-Worldwide: Schielen (Strabismus) Translate this page Schielen. strabismus. Nur bei circa 10% davon führt eine Heterophorie zu Beschwerden. Begleitschielen (strabismus concomitans,Heterotropie). http://www.m-ww.de/krankheiten/augenkrankheiten/schielen.html

Sie befinden sich hier: startseite krankheiten augenkrankheiten Augenkrankheiten ... Über uns Schielen Strabismus Seite: vor Kapitelübersicht: Zusammenfassung Allgemeines Symptome Ursachen ... Prophylaxe Zusammenfassung Allgemeines Latentes Schielen (Heterophorie) Eine Störung des Augenmuskelgleichgewichtes beider Augen, die durch den "Zwang" des Gehirns, die Bildeindrücke beider Augen zu einem einzigen Bild zu verschmelzen ( Fusion ), latent gehalten wird. Das heißt, dadurch, dass das Gehirn den "Drang" hat, die zwei Bildeindrücke der beiden Augen zu einem Bild zu verschmelzen ist es trotz einiger Abweichungen, in der Lage, eine geringe Störung des Augenmuskelgleichgewichts ohne Beschwerden zu tolerieren. Bei über 70% aller Menschen ist eine Heterophorie latent vorhanden. Nur bei circa 10% davon führt eine Heterophorie zu Beschwerden. Begleitschielen (Strabismus concomitans,Heterotropie) Abb. Symptome Das latente Schielen Beim Begleitschielen Beim Seite: vor Kapitelübersicht: Zusammenfassung Allgemeines Symptome Ursachen ... Prophylaxe Partnerangebote: Aktiv leben mit Blasenschwäche Impressum genannten Bitte beachten Sie auch unseren Haftungsausschluss Druckversion Bookmark setzen Diese Seite empfehlen ... NEWSLETTER

52. STRABISMUS strabismus. General Info about strabismus. strabismus is the medical term for the eye condition commonly called as squint, crossed eyes or deviating eyes. http://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/strabismus.asp

About Us Contact Us Feedback Portfolio ... Log In June 2, 2004 Medical News Directories Professionals Consumer Health ... Disease/Health Information STRABISMUS A B C D ... Z STRABISMUS General Info about Strabismus  SQUINT IS A MISALIGNMENT OF THE TWO EYES SO THAT BOTH THE EYES ARE NOT LOOKING IN THE SAME DIRECTION. THIS MISALIGNMENT MAY BE CONSTANT, BEING PRESENT THROUGHOUT THE DAY OR MAY BE INTERMITTENT. Strabismus is the medical term for the eye condition commonly called as squint, crossed eyes or deviating eyes. It occurs due to the improper alignment of the muscles that maintain the eyeballs in position. It occurs in 5% of children. It is more common among children born prematurely and children with cerebral palsy. What are the causes of Strabismus ? Most cases of strabismus in children are of unknown cause. Squint is caused by a lack of coordination between the eyes, causing the eyes to point in different directions and the eyes do not focus simultaneously on a single point. Squint results from unequal pulling of muscles on one side of the eye, or a paralysis of the eye muscles. A family history of the disease is a known risk factor.

53. Strabismus strabismus, Book, Home Page. have obvious defect. Signs Organized by strabismus type Manifest (Tropia) strabismus that is always present http://www.fpnotebook.com/EYE80.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice document.write(code); Advertisement Ophthalmology Pediatrics Conjunctival Disorders ... Anisometropia Strabismus Examination Corneal Light Reflex Cover Test Pupillary Light Reflex ... Retinoblastoma Strabismus Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology General Medicine Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter Ophthalmology Index Anterior Conjunctival Disorders Corneal Disorders Cardiovascular Medicine Examination Glaucoma Hematology and Oncology Injury Lacrimal Lens Lid General Neurology Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Pupil Retina Rheumatology Sclera Sports Medicine Surgery Symptom Evaluation Vision Page Pediatrics Index Conjunctiva Newborn Glaucoma Congenital Lens Cataract Congenital Vision Vision Amblyopia Vision Anisometropia Vision Strabismus Epidemiology Accounts for 50% of Amblyopia (most common cause) Types Esodeviation (Cross-Eyed) Both eyes turn inward Exodeviation (walleye) One eye turns outward while other eye faces forward Deviation most evident with distant vision Parents often note changes on a bright day Eye deviates outward Child closes one eye Fourth Cranial Nerve palsy (superior oblique palsy) Eye rises when Head Tilt ed to side of palsy Findings Hypertropia (deviating eye turns up)

54. UAB Health System | Pediatric Ophthalmology And Strabismus Pediatric Ophthalmology and strabismus. Other common disorders include strabismus (eye muscle imbalance or misalignment) and amblyopia (“lazy vision”). http://www.health.uab.edu/eyes/show.asp?durki=66690

55. A To Z Encyclopedia Topic: Strabismus (Crossed-Eyes) Ophthalmology Program. strabismus (CrossedEyes). What is strabismus? strabismus is also called wandering eye or crossed-eyes. . What causes strabismus? http://web1.tch.harvard.edu/cfapps/A2ZtopicDisplay.cfm?Topic=Strabismus (Crossed

56. Strabismus MAIN SEARCH INDEX. strabismus. Definition. strabismus is a condition in which the eyes do not point in the same direction. It can also http://www.ehendrick.org/healthy/001302.htm

MAIN SEARCH INDEX Strabismus Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Definition Strabismus is a condition in which the eyes do not point in the same direction. It can also be referred to as a tropia or squint. Description Strabismus occurs in 2-5% of all children. About half are born with the condition, which causes one or both eyes to turn: inward (esotropia or "crossed eyes") outward (exotropia or "wall eyes") upward (hypertropia) downward (hypotropia) Strabismus is equally common in boys and girls. It sometimes runs in families. Types of strabismus Esotropia is the most common type of strabismus in infants. Accommodative esotropia develops in children under age two who cross their eyes when focusing on objects nearby. This usually occurs in children who are moderately to highly farsighted (hyperopic). Another common form of strabismus, exotropia, may only be noticeable when a child looks at far-away objects, daydreams, or is tired or sick. Sometimes the eye turn is always in the same eye; however sometimes the turn alternates from one eye to the other'. Most children with strabismus have comitant strabismus. No matter where they look, the degree of deviation does not change. In incomitant strabismus, the amount of misalignment depends upon which direction the eyes are pointed.

57. University Of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center strabismus, or crossing of the eyes, can occur anytime from birth onward. Infants and young children are strabismus (Esotropia). http://www.kellogg.umich.edu/patientcare/conditions/strabismus.html

Strabismus, or crossing of the eyes, can occur anytime from birth onward. Infants and young children are more likely to have eyes crossed inward, known as esotropia. Home Eye Conditions A-D E-M ... Frequently Asked Questions Strabismus ( Esotropia Definition Symptoms Treatment ... Clinic Information Definition Strabismus is a visual disorder where the eyes are misaligned and point in different directions. This misalignment may be constantly present, or it may come and go. Sometimes, only one eye may be affected (turning inward, outward or downward) while the other eye is directed straight ahead. Strabismus is a common condition among children. Normal alignment of both eyes during childhood allows the brain to fuse the two pictures into a single 3-dimensional image. Strabismus or abnormal alignment can cause amblyopia or reduced vision. If vision is reduced, the brain of the child will learn to recognize the stronger image and ignore the weaker image of the amblyopic eye. This will eventually cause a loss of depth perception. If strabismus develops in an adult, they will often experience double vision because the brain has been trained to receive images from both eyes. The exact cause of the eye misalignment that leads to strabismus is not fully understood. Six eye muscles control eye movement and are attached to the outside of each eye. Two muscles in each eye move the eye right or left while the other four muscles move it up or down and control tilting movements. To focus both eyes on a single target, all eye muscles must work together with the corresponding muscles of the opposite eye. The brain coordinates these eye muscles. A cataract or eye injury that affects vision can also cause strabismus.

58. Understanding Strabismus And Amblyopia Don t Wait Until It s Too Late Understanding strabismus and Amblyopia. 6,1996 Two to four percent of America s children develop strabismus and/or amblyopia. http://www.kidsource.com/kidsource/content2/news2/strabismus.html

Don't Wait Until It's Too Late: Understanding Strabismus and Amblyopia advertisement Source American Academy of Ophthalmology via PR NEWSWIRE Forums Health, Safety, Nutrition and Kids Related Articles Undetected Vision Disorders Are Blinding Children; Earlier Testing Needed To Preserve Good Eyesight Protective Eyewear for Young Athletes Check Your Child's Vision Every Two Years Information and news releases furnished by the members of PR Newswire, who are responsible for their fact and content. SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 6,1996 Two to four percent of America's children develop strabismus and/or amblyopia. The American Academy of Ophthalmology says early detection and treatment of these disorders during childhood are essential for preventing permanent vision loss. What Are Strabismus and Amblyopia? Strabismus is misalignment of the eyes. One eye may look straight ahead, while the other turns inward, outward, upward or downward. Although the problem appears to be improperly coordinated eye muscles, it is sometimes accompanied by vision loss. Amblyopia is reduced vision in one or both eyes as a consequence of failure to develop normal sight in early childhood. Amblyopia can result from a number of underlying abnormalities, including strabismus and focusing abnormalities.

59. Strabismus strabismus. Definition. strabismus is a condition in which the eyes do not point in the same direction. It can also be http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/strabismus.html

Encyclopedia Index S Home Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Index S Strabismus Definition Strabismus is a condition in which the eyes do not point in the same direction. It can also be referred to as a tropia or squint. Description Strabismus occurs in 2-5% of all children. About half are born with the condition, which causes one or both eyes to turn: inward (esotropia or "crossed eyes") outward (exotropia or "wall eyes") upward (hypertropia) downward (hypotropia) Strabismus is equally common in boys and girls. It sometimes runs in families. Types of strabismus Esotropia is the most common type of strabismus in infants. Accommodative esotropia develops in children under age two who cross their eyes when focusing on objects nearby. This usually occurs in children who are moderately to highly farsighted (hyperopic). Another common form of strabismus, exotropia, may only be noticeable when a child looks at far-away objects, daydreams, or is tired or sick. Sometimes the eye turn is always in the same eye; however sometimes the turn alternates from one eye to the other'. Most children with strabismus have comitant strabismus. No matter where they look, the degree of deviation does not change. In incomitant strabismus, the amount of misalignment depends upon which direction the eyes are pointed.

60. USAeyes.org - Strabismus Although crossed eyes, more formally known as strabismus, is not automatically a contraindication for refractive surgery, however current refractive surgery http://www.usaeyes.org/faq/subjects/strabismus.htm

You are visitor Navigation... HOME SEARCH Services... LOCATE A CRSQA CERTIFIED LASIK SURGEON ASK THE LASIK EXPERTS LASIK COMPLICATIONS? HELP IS AT HAND Need to know... 50 TOUGH QUESTIONS FOR YOUR LASIK DOCTOR WHAT CRSQA CERTIFICATION MEANS Community... LASIK BULLETIN BOARD LASIK GUEST BOOK Research... KNOW WHAT YOU DON'T KNOW ABOUT LASIK SHOULD YOU DO LASIK? BAD RESULTS ... REPORT A BAD LASIK DOCTOR Doctors... BECOME CERTIFIED About us... LEARN ABOUT US CRASS COMMERCIALISM Contact us... CONTACT US I have crossed eyes, is this a problem for refractive surgery? Although crossed eyes, more formally known as strabismus , is not automatically a contraindication for refractive surgery, however current refractive surgery techniques will not help the strabismus problem. Also, a full evaluation by a competent physician with experience in treating strabismus before seeking refractive surgery would be highly recommended. HOME SEARCH LOCATE A LASIK SURGEON 50 TOUGH QUESTIONS FOR YOUR LASIK DOCTOR ... SHOULD YOU DO LASIK?

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