1. SCOLIOSISRX SCOLIOSIS TREATMENT A discussion of scoliosis from an orthopedic surgeon includes brace treatment and scoliosis surgery. Indications for surgery, specific surgical procedures illustrated with Xrays and slide show of http://www.scoliosisrx.com/

Wednesday, 02-Jun-2004 22:26:56 EDT - 67.18.104.18 - SCOLIOSIS TREATMENT Last Revision February 21,2004 Scoliosis Research Institute Ronald Blackman M.D. 1073 Hubert Road Oakland, CA. 94610 For curriculum vita and photo Dr. Blackman. In association with Jason Smith M.D. 425 Gregory Lane Pleasant Hill, CA 94523 RSI For curriculum vita and photo Dr.Smith Under construction is a slide show of a few of the cases done by Dr. Jason Smith NOTE: Here and at the end of this page is a link to the technique of minimally invasive spine surgery for scoliosis. Please read the entire page prior to clicking onto just this technique.IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT I NO LONGER RECOMEND THIS TECHNIQUE except for a few specific instances which includes removal of ligaments and disc for loosening up a stiff curve prior to posterior fusion. DESPITE my DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNIQUE I BELIEVE BETTER APPROACHES (posterior pedicle screws) HAVE OCCURRED WITH BETTER CORRECTION,and LOWER FAILURE RATES Scoliosis is the medical term for curvature of the spine. This paper deals primarily with the surgical treatment of scoliosis. Xray pictures of scoliosis before and after treatment are shown. The thumbnail pictures of scoliosis can be enlarged by clicking on them.

2. Scoliosis Research Society This is the website for the scoliosis Research Society, a nonprofit organization dedicated to education, research, and treatment of spinal deformity. http://www.srs.org/

The Scoliosis Research Society is a professional organization, made up of physicians and allied health personnel. Our primary focus is on providing continuing medical education for health care professionals and on funding/supporting research in spinal deformities. Founded in 1966, the SRS has gained recognition as one of the world's premier spine societies. Strict membership criteria ensure that the individual Fellows support that commitment. Current membership includes over 800 of the world's leading spine surgeons as well as some researchers, physician assistants and orthotists who are involved in research and treatment of spinal deformities. If you are a patient or parent of a patient, please click the Patients/Public Information option on the navigation bar to the left for information and resources about spinal deformities. The Mission of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) is to foster optimal care of the patient with any disorder that may affect the shape, alignment or function of the spine, throughout life. The SRS accomplishes this, through education, research, advocacy and ethical practice. President James W. Ogilvie, MD

3. National Scoliosis Foundation 1800-NSF-MYBACK (673-6922) NSF@scoliosis.org. Recent news and upcoming events. Welcome to the new home of the National scoliosis Foundation. March 30, 2004. http://www.scoliosis.org/

1-800-NSF-MYBACK (673-6922) NSF@scoliosis.org Recent news and upcoming events Welcome to the new home of the National Scoliosis Foundation. March 30, 2004 There are three new items in our NSF Store, including Elise Brown Miller's "Yoga for Scoliosis" in our videos section , as well as Dave Wolpert's "Scoliosis Surgery: The Definitive Patient's Reference" and Martha Hawes' "Scoliosis and the Human Spine" in our books section September 9, 2003 The NSF Forum / Community Center has been launched! Please feel free to share your own questions and experiences and become a part of our new online community! September 8, 2003 The Scoliosis Research Society has a physician locator hosted on their site that we have linked from our resources page June 23, 2003 The medical updates section has been added to the site! Refer to these articles for answers to many of your questions about scoliosis. April 5, 2003

4. Scoliosis scoliosis. scoliosis occurs relatively frequently in the general population, and its frequency depends upon the curve being described. scoliosis of greater than 25 degrees has been http://www.rad.washington.edu/mskbook/scoliosis.html

UW Radiology Home Approaches To DDx In Musculoskeletal Imaging Contents Preface ... Hardware Scoliosis Osteopenia Osteonecrosis Skeletal Dysplasias ... Search this site Approaches To Differential Diagnosis In Musculoskeletal Imaging Michael L. Richardson, M.D. Scoliosis patient with thoracic scoliosis, convex to the right, bridged by a Harrington rod and bone graft along the concave side of the spine If scoliosis is neglected, the curves may progress dramatically, creating significant physical deformity and even cardiopulmonary problems with especially severe curves. Currently, scoliosis is treated successfully by special braces, electrical stimulation, surgery, or by combinations of these three techniques. Generally, scoliosis is treated by orthopedic surgeons with special training in spinal problems. However, radiographic scoliosis examinations are ordered by a wide variety of other physicians, most of whom look toward the radiologist as the local musculoskeletal expert, after the orthopedist. Therefore, one must know how to read these films and how to dictate a coherent and helpful interpretation of them. A sample dictation of a typical examination is shown below: Standing AP and lateral views of the entire spine demonstrate an arcuate thoracolumbar scoliosis with a rightward convexity. No associated vertebral abnormalities are noted. Using the Cobb technique, and measuring from the top of the T9 and the bottom of the L3 vertebral bodies, this angle measures approximately 27 degrees. The apex of the curve is at the T12 vertebral body and demonstrates grade 3 out of 4 rotation to the right. Lateral bending films show persistence of the curvature with bending to the right and increased curvature with bending to the left. This indicates that the thoracolumbar curve is structural and major. The iliac apophyses are complete along the iliac crests, but have not yet fused with the ilium, indicating that the patient has not yet reached skeletal maturity.

5. SCOI Presents Treatment Of Scoliosis The Southern California Orthopedic Institute (SCOI) serving the Los Angeles and San Fernando Valley California in orthopedic surgery, sports medicine, knee and shoulder surgery, joint A spine http://www.scoi.com/scoilio.htm

Everyone's spine has curves . These curves produce the normal rounding of the shoulder and the sway of the lower back. A spine with scoliosis has abnormal curves with a rotational deformity . This means that the spine turns on its axis like a corkscrew. Compare the more subtle curve of the normal spine to the severe curvature of the scoliotic spine. Scoliosis is a curvature of the spine which may have its onset in infancy but is most frequently seen in adolescence . It is more common in females by a 2:1 ratio. However, when curves in excess of 30 degrees are evaluated, females are more frequently affected by a ration of approximately 8-10:1. The cause of the most common form of scoliosis idiopathic scoliosis is unknown, but there are certainly hereditary factors that are present. Scoliosis causes shoulder, trunk and waistline asymmetry . In mild forms, the condition may be barely noticed; whereas in severe forms there is significant disfigurement, back pain and postural fatigue, and it may be associated with heart failure. Fortunately the majority of scoliosis cases need only close follow-up to watch for worsening of the curve. Some cases require more aggressive treatment which could include surgery (see below).

6. Understanding Scoliosis Indepth information about scoliosis diagnosis and treatment options, including observation, bracing and surgery. Features animations on spinal anatomy and surgery. http://www.spine-health.com/topics/cd/scol/scol01.html

Introduction Common causes Conservative care Surgery ... Anatomy Search Understanding scoliosis Introduction to scoliosis Idiopathic scoliosis Degenerative scoliosis Sponsored message IScoliosis.com When life throws you a curve IScoliosis.com helps get it straight Sponsorship Policy Figures Fig 1: Idiopathic scoliosis larger view Related information Bracing for scoliosis found less effective for overweight teens Back braces Scheuermann's disease of the thoracic and lumbar spine ... Back pain in kids and teens Understanding scoliosis Curvature of the spine, or

7. SCOLIOSIS.COM ... Non-surgical Our purpose is to eradicate the multifaceted disease of scoliosis non-invasively through incessant research and the highest quality of patient education, nutrition, exercise, corrective orthotics http://www.scoliosis.com/

8. MedlinePlus: Scoliosis Other health topics A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W XYZ List of All Topics. scoliosis. Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on . scoliosis Questions and Answers about scoliosis In Children and Adolescents The primary NIH organization for research on scoliosis is the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/scoliosis.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Scoliosis Contents of this page: From the NIH General/Overviews Research Treatment ... Information from the Medical Encyclopedia Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Scoliosis You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Bones, Joints and Muscles From the National Institutes of Health Questions and Answers about Scoliosis In Children and Adolescents (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases) General/Overviews Scoliosis (American Physical Therapy Association) Scoliosis (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Scoliosis (National Institutes of Health) Research Patients with Late-Onset Scoliosis Can Lead Productive Lives (American Medical Association) Specific Conditions/Aspects As the Wheel Turns: The Right Equipment after Scoliosis Surgery (Muscular Dystrophy Association) Spinal Fusion Surgery for Scoliosis: Planning Checklist (Muscular Dystrophy Association) Treatment Scoliosis Brace (Shriners Hospitals for Children) Scoliosis Surgery: Medical Perspective (Muscular Dystrophy Association) Spinal Fusion (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) Treating Scoliosis (Nemours Foundation) Dictionaries/Glossaries Glossary of Scoliosis Terms (Scoliosis Research Society) Directories Find an Orthopaedist (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) Organizations American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Also available in:

9. Scoliosis Association (UK) Charity providing support, useful links and some basic information about scoliosis, including how to recognise this condition in children. http://www.sauk.org.uk/

Contact us SAUK info SAUK news Scoliosis ... Links The Scoliosis Association (UK) was founded in 1981. It is the only independent support group for scoliosis in the UK. There is no cure for scoliosis, only corrective treatment for the twisting and curving spine. SAUK aims to provide information about scoliosis, eliminate fear and stigma, and offer contacts for shared experiences, because: adolescents need support and reassurance parents need information and contact with others who have been through the same situation older people need help with pain the public need to be aware of the importance of early detection of scoliosis in children The Scoliosis Association (UK) is a registered charity, number 285290 people have visited this site since January 2000 Scoliosis Association (UK) Registered Charity Number 285290 These pages are maintained by Al Menzies

10. Scoliosis The word scoliosis refers to a curve in the spine. You may know someone with scoliosis read our article for kids to find out more about this condition. Bones, Muscles, Joints scoliosis. Your spine, or backbone, helps hold your body upright The trouble for someone with scoliosis is that the spine curves from side to side in a http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/bone/scolio.html

KidsHealth Kids Kids' Health Problems Your spine, or backbone, helps hold your body upright. Without it, you couldn't walk, run, or play sports . If you look at yourself sideways in the mirror or look at a friend from the side, you'll notice that the back isn't flat like a piece of board. Instead, it curves in and out between your neck and lower back. Despite that gentle curve, a healthy spine appears to run straight down the middle of the back. The trouble for someone with scoliosis is that the spine curves from side to side in a "C" or "S" shape or is twisted. What Is Scoliosis? The word scoliosis (say: sko-lee- oh -sus) comes from a Greek word meaning crooked. If you have scoliosis, you're not alone. About three out of every 100 people have some form of scoliosis, though for many people it's not much of a problem. For a small number of people, the curve gets worse as they grow and they may need a brace or an operation to correct it. Someone with scoliosis may have a back that curves like an "S" or a "C." This type of curve may be noticeable to others and can be uncomfortable. See the X-ray image to get an idea of what scoliosis looks like. No one knows what causes the most common type of scoliosis called idiopathic (say: ih-dee-uh- pa -thik) scoliosis . (Idiopathic is a fancy word for unknown.) Doctors do know that scoliosis can run in families. So if a parent, sister, or brother had scoliosis, you might have it, too. About the same number of girls and boys have scoliosis, but girls are more likely to need treatment.

11. THE SCOLIOSIS ASSOCIATION, INC. THE scoliosis ASSOCIATION, INC. AN INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION AND SUPPORT ORGANIZATION. THE scoliosis ASSOCIATION, INC. PO BOX 811705 BOCA RATON FL. http://www.scoliosis-assoc.org/

HOME AVAILABLE INFORMATION DIFFERENT TYPES THREE DIMENSIONAL CURVATURE OF THE SPINE ... PROFESSIONAL ADVISORY BOARD THE SCOLIOSIS ASSOCIATION, INC. AN INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION AND SUPPORT ORGANIZATION CALL: (800) 800-0669 E-MAIL: normlipin@aol.com THE SCOLIOSIS ASSOCIATION, INC P.O. BOX 811705 BOCA RATON FL. 33481-1705 CALL (561) 994-4435 FAX (561) 994-2455 The Scoliosis Association, Inc. is a non-profit, volunteer non-medical organization. Since 1974, we have been helping those with scoliosis by providing information and having support groups and information lines. We have a variety of ways by which you can get in contact with us as shown above. Additionally, you may have a support group or information line in your area. Please go to our support page to find the list of support groups or information lines. There are 22 active chapters at this time. Support groups meet periodically, have rap sessions for the interchange of information and, often, guest speakers. A question and answer period for general questions is usually a part of the meeting. If you don't find a support group in your area and would like to start one, let us know. We'll give all the help we can to get you started. We also provide a newsletter

12. IScoliosis.com - Have Questions About Scoliosis? IScoliosis.com Has Answers. Offers information on aspects of the condition, diary of a patient, treatment options, and resources http://www.iscoliosis.com/

Cotrel Spinal Research Foundation "Spinal disease is quite a vast field and it will keep on growing in relation to today's modern lifestyle as well as the phenomenon of increased human longevity," once wrote Dr. Yves Cotrel. Read More... Screening Cobb Diagnostic Self-Assessment Scoliosis is a condition which affects the spines of many children, teenagers and adults. The human spine features many natural curvatures which help our bodies to move and be flexible. Read More... Bracing Observation Thoracoplasty Because the majority of scoliosis cases will never progress to the point where surgery is necessary, non-surgical treatment options, whether bracing or observation, will always be used as a first attempt to control curve progression. Read More... Erin's Story Whenever I get discouraged, I think about what might have happened if I hadn't been given corrective treatment for my scoliosis. Read More Bailey's Story Bailey was only one year old when her Mom and Dad discovered she had scoliosis. Read More Talking to My Parents Ask My Doctor My Surgery Do you have questions or need to find a doctor? Our Physician Locator will help you to learn more about finding a back doctor in your area.

13. Scoliosis World info@scoliosisworld.com. Visitors since 04 Aug 02 © 2000-2003 scoliosis World, Inc. All rights reserved. scoliosis Polls. scoliosis and birth time. http://www.scoliosis-world.com/

Suggest new pages / report broken links Search Scoliosis World Join Scoliosis World! Scoliosis World recommends "Scoliosis and the Human Spine" by Martha Hawes, PhD. The book contains a thorough analysis of the last 100 years of scoliosis research, outlines the many problems of current surgical treatments, and proves that the widely held belief that "exercises don't work" is not supported by scientific evidence. Ask Scoliosis Questions and Participate in Discussions Go to the Message Board Link Categories Introduction to scoliosis FAQs Mailing Lists, Chat Rooms, Message Boards, etc. Personal Home Pages ... info@scoliosis-world.com Visitors since 04 Aug 02: Information on this web site is provided for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. You should not use the information on this web site for diagnosing or treating a medical or health condition. If you have or suspect you have a medical problem, promptly contact

14. Virtual Children's Hospital: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Prevalence, Natura Adolescent Idiopathic scoliosis Prevalence, Natural History, Treatment Indications. Treating scoliosis with Posterior Spinal Fusion with Instrumentation. http://www.vh.org/pediatric/provider/orthopaedics/AIS/AIS.html

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Prevalence, Natural History, Treatment Indications Stuart L. Weinstein, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Creation Date: Unknown Last Revision Date: March 1998 Table of Contents Diagnosis Curve Patterns Relationship of Spinal Growth to Maturity ... This Site's Awards, Reviews and Comments See other scoliosis materials: Scoliosis Surgery Scoliosis Surgery: Questions for the Doctor Questions Often Asked About Scoliosis Treating Scoliosis in Muscular Dystrophy ... Treating Scoliosis with Posterior Spinal Fusion with Instrumentation See related Provider Textbooks about Orthopaedic Surgery See related Provider Topics Bones, Joints and Muscles Child and Teen Health Food, Nutrition and Metabolism Orthopaedic Surgery ... Scoliosis or Teen Health See related Patient Textbooks about Orthopaedic Surgery See related Patient Topics Bones, Joints and Muscles Child and Teen Health Food, Nutrition and Metabolism Orthopaedic Surgery ... Scoliosis or Teen Health Virtual Hospital Home Virtual Children's Hospital Home Site Map ... UI Health Care Home http://www.vh.org/pediatric/provider/orthopaedics/AIS/AIS.html

15. Scoliosis Research Society A non profit organization dedicated to education, research, and treatment of spinal deformity. http://srs.org/

The Scoliosis Research Society is a professional organization, made up of physicians and allied health personnel. Our primary focus is on providing continuing medical education for health care professionals and on funding/supporting research in spinal deformities. Founded in 1966, the SRS has gained recognition as one of the world's premier spine societies. Strict membership criteria ensure that the individual Fellows support that commitment. Current membership includes over 800 of the world's leading spine surgeons as well as some researchers, physician assistants and orthotists who are involved in research and treatment of spinal deformities. If you are a patient or parent of a patient, please click the Patients/Public Information option on the navigation bar to the left for information and resources about spinal deformities. The Mission of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) is to foster optimal care of the patient with any disorder that may affect the shape, alignment or function of the spine, throughout life. The SRS accomplishes this, through education, research, advocacy and ethical practice. President James W. Ogilvie, MD

16. Scoliosis Find out more about scoliosis, how to detect, and what surgery is like to correct it. http://www.kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/bone/scolio.html

KidsHealth Kids Kids' Health Problems Your spine, or backbone, helps hold your body upright. Without it, you couldn't walk, run, or play sports . If you look at yourself sideways in the mirror or look at a friend from the side, you'll notice that the back isn't flat like a piece of board. Instead, it curves in and out between your neck and lower back. Despite that gentle curve, a healthy spine appears to run straight down the middle of the back. The trouble for someone with scoliosis is that the spine curves from side to side in a "C" or "S" shape or is twisted. What Is Scoliosis? The word scoliosis (say: sko-lee- oh -sus) comes from a Greek word meaning crooked. If you have scoliosis, you're not alone. About three out of every 100 people have some form of scoliosis, though for many people it's not much of a problem. For a small number of people, the curve gets worse as they grow and they may need a brace or an operation to correct it. Someone with scoliosis may have a back that curves like an "S" or a "C." This type of curve may be noticeable to others and can be uncomfortable. See the X-ray image to get an idea of what scoliosis looks like. No one knows what causes the most common type of scoliosis called idiopathic (say: ih-dee-uh- pa -thik) scoliosis . (Idiopathic is a fancy word for unknown.) Doctors do know that scoliosis can run in families. So if a parent, sister, or brother had scoliosis, you might have it, too. About the same number of girls and boys have scoliosis, but girls are more likely to need treatment.

17. National Scoliosis Foundation 1800-NSF-MYBACK (673-6922) NSF@scoliosis.org. scoliosis impacts infants, adolescents, and adults worldwide with little regard to race or socio-economic status. http://www.scoliosis.org/info.php

1-800-NSF-MYBACK (673-6922) NSF@scoliosis.org Information and Support Scoliosis affects 2-3% of the population, or an estimated 6 million people in the United States, and there is no cure. Scoliosis impacts infants, adolescents, and adults worldwide with little regard to race or socio-economic status. The primary age of onset for scoliosis is 10-15 years old, occurring equally among both genders. However, females are eight times more likely to progress to a curve magnitude that requires treatment. Scoliosis can impact the quality of life with limited activity, pain, reduced respiratory function, or diminished self-esteem. The vast majority of people with this condition are not expected to require treatment. The problem is we do not know who will get it, why they get it, which will progress, or how far they will progress. Each year scoliosis patients make more than 600,000 visits to private physician offices, and an

18. Scoliosis Information And Treatment Treatment recovery information. Download a video, take a survey. http://www.scoliosishelp.com

19. AAOS Online Service Patient Education Brochures Scoliosis scoliosis. What is scoliosis? Everyone s spine has natural curves. These curves round our Who gets scoliosis? scoliosis affects a small http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/brochure/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=14&topcategory=Spine

20. AAOS Online Service Fact Sheet Scoliosis In Children And Adolescents scoliosis in Children and Adolescents. Many schools regularly conduct scoliosis screenings among students. Usually know. scoliosis. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/fact/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=262&topcategory=Spine

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