61. Craniofacial Anomalies - Craniosynostosis scaphocephaly scaphocephaly is an early closure of fusion of the sagittal suture. This suture runs front to back, down the middle of the top of the head. http://www.mmhs.com/clinical/peds/english/craniofacial/cranio.htm

Site Map English - Adult English - Pediatric Spanish - Adult ... Online Resources Craniofacial Anomalies Craniosynostosis What is craniosynostosis? The normal skull consists of several plates of bone that are separated by sutures. The sutures (fibrous joints) are found between the bony plates in the head. As the infant grows and develops, the sutures close, forming a solid piece of bone, called the skull. Craniosynostosis is a condition in which the sutures close too early, causing problems with normal brain and skull growth. Premature closure of the sutures may also cause the pressure inside of the head to increase and the skull or facial bones to change from a normal, symmetrical appearance. What causes craniosynostosis? Craniosynostosis occurs in one out of 2,000 live births and affects males twice as often as females. Craniosynostosis is most often sporadic (occurs by chance). In some families, craniosynostosis is inherited in one of two ways: autosomal recessive Autosomal recessive means that two copies of the gene are necessary to express the condition, one inherited from each parent, who are carriers. Carrier parents have a one in four, or 25 percent, chance with each pregnancy, to have a child with craniosynostosis. Males and females are equally affected.

62. ADC -- Shaoul And Toubi 88 (3): 260 Physical examination revealed closed anterior fontanelle, scaphocephaly (long and narrow skull) (fig 1 ), frontal bossing, and two hair whorls. http://adc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/88/3/260

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... Email this link to a friend eLetters: Submit a response to this article Similar articles in ADC Online PubMed PubMed Citation Search PubMed for articles by: Shaoul, R Toubi, A Alert me when: new articles cite this article Download to Citation Manager Collections under which this article appears: Other Neurology Other Pediatrics Archives of Disease in Childhood Images in paediatrics Craniosynostosis due to premature closing of the sagittal suture R Shaoul and A Toubi Departments of Pediatrics Bnai Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel; Radiology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel Keywords: craniosynostosis; head circumference; sagittal suture A 7 month old boy was admitted to our paediatric department revealed closed anterior fontanelle, scaphocephaly (long and narrow skull) (fig 1 ), frontal bossing, and two hair whorls. Head circumference was 47.5 cm (above 97%). Previous records of head circumference showed continuous growth on the same percentile. His neurological examination was normal as well as his development.

63. Endoscopy-Assisted Wide-Vertex Craniectomy click image to zoom) Figure 2. Left Anteroposterior photograph of a 2week-old infant (adjusted age) born at 26 weeks gestation with scaphocephaly and a CI http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/405636_3

64. Craniosynostosis ....... Synostosis means a union of adjacent bones. Synonyms include craniostenosis, plagiocephaly, scaphocephaly, and trigonocephaly. http://ww3.komotv.com/global/story.asp?s=1230352

65. Abnormal Head Shape foreheads. Diagram showing scaphocephaly, a long, narrow head shape, often due to premature closure of the sagittal suture. Surgical http://www.pedisurg.com/PtEduc/Abnormal_Head_Shape.htm

ABNORMAL HEAD SHAPE What is meant by abnormal head shape? An abnormally shaped head is usually recognized at birth. There are three causes of abnormal head shape in infants. The largest group of infants with an abnormal head shape is those who have positional deformities which develop during pregnancy or while sleeping. The next most common group is those infants who present with early closure of the cranial sutures ( craniosynostosis The smallest group are infants with craniofacial syndromes, such as Apert's, Crouzon's, and Pfeiffer's. How is abnormal head shape diagnosed and treated? Treatment of a child with an abnormal head shape requires a team approach. The goal of the team at Hermann Children's Hospital and The University of Texas Medical School at Houston is to provide the most current diagnostic and treatment methods for your child in a supportive environment The team includes a neuroradiologist, craniofacial surgeon, pediatric neurosurgeon, pediatric anesthesiologist, orthotist, and orthodontist. Diagnosis begins with a patient history, which takes into consideration the mothers pregnancy and the presence of an abnormal fetal position. There are also questions about prematurity, birth trauma, and multiple births. The patient history also includes inquiries about the infant's sleeping position and the presence of neck tightness and/or torticollis, which is an abnormal, somewhat fixed twisting of the neck associated with muscIe contractions.

66. Craniosynostosis Occipital Plagiocephaly. scaphocephaly. Cranial Suture Premature Closure. Sagittal Synostosis (scaphocephaly) Most common craniosynostosis form (1 in 4200 births); http://www.fpnotebook.com/NIC71.htm

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67. Rare Cephalies scaphocephaly applies to premature fusion of the sagittal suture. The sagittal suture joins together the two parietal bones of skull. http://thecpnetwork.netfirms.com/less_common_cepha.html

This site is hosted by Netfirms Web Hosting *~Less common Cephalic Disorders~* Directory: Cephalic Disorders Home Anecephaly Cebocephaly ... Research What Are Other Less Common Cephalic Disorders? ACEPHALY EXENCEPHALY is a condition in which the brain is located outside of the skull. This condition is usually found in embryos as an early stage of anencephaly. As an exencephalic pregnancy progresses, the neural tissue gradually degenerates. It is unusual to find an infant carried to term with this condition because the defect is incompatible with survival. MACROCEPHALY is a condition in which the head circumference is larger than average for the age and gender of the infant or child. It is a descriptive rather than a diagnostic term, and is a characteristic of a variety of disorders. Macrocephaly also may be inherited. Although one form of macrocephaly may be associated with mental retardation, in approximately one-half of cases mental development is normal. Macrocephaly may be caused by an enlarged brain or hydrocephalus. It may be associated with other disorders such as dwarfism, neurofibromatosis, and tuberous sclerosis. MICRENCEPHALY is a disorder characterized by a small brain and may be caused by a disturbance in the proliferation of nerve cells. Micrencephaly may also be associated with maternal problems such as alcoholism, diabetes, or rubella (German measles). A genetic factor may play a role in causing some cases of micrencephaly. Affected newborns generally have striking neurological defects and seizures. Severely impaired intellectual development is common, but disturbances in motor functions may not appear until later in life.

68. HealthCentral.com Synostosis means a union of adjacent bones. Synonyms include craniostenosis, plagiocephaly, scaphocephaly, and trigonocephaly. http://www.healthcentral.com/library/librarycontent.cfm?id=380

69. Dr. Shuster, Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Of The Face, Breast & Body Correction of scaphocephaly Following Ventricular Shunting. Plast. September October, 1993 Correction of scaphocephaly Secondary to Ventricular Shunts. http://www.drshuster.net/Home.asp?page=credentials

70. 17th ESPN the cranium and facial bones were performed in 50 normal children and 12 patients with craniosynostosis (brachycephaly, scaphocephaly, trigonocephaly) before http://www.instnf.or.jp/abstracts/17thespn.htm

th Congress of the European Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2000. 6. 17-21. Graz, Austria Craniofacial development of normal children and patients after remodeling of craniosynostosis Hiroshi K. Inoue, Yuichi Tachikawa, Hideo Nishi, Yoshishige Nagaseki, Terutaka Nishimatsu Department of Restorative Neurosurgery, Institute of Neural Function, Department of Neurosurgery, @Numata Neurosurgery and Heart Disease Hospital, Numata, Japan Object and Methods: 3D measurements (width, length, height) of the cranium and facial bones were performed in 50 normal children and 12 patients with craniosynostosis (brachycephaly, scaphocephaly, trigonocephaly) before operation, and of 6 months to 8 years after craiofacial development. Results and Conclusion: The cranial ratio of length/width was high in scaphocephaly and low in brachycephaly. Trigonocephaly showed intermediate values in all cranial ratios of length/width, length/height, and width/height. The facial ratio of width/height was high in brachycephaly and low in trigonocephaly. Whereas, scaphocephaly demonstrated intermediate values in all facial ratios. Not only cranial ratios but also facial ratios improved after operation in these craniosynostoses. It is concluded that maldevelopment of the facial bone is a secondary manifestation in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and that cranial and facial 3D ratios are useful for sequential quantitative analyses of craniosynostosis. BACK

71. Classification Of Previously Unclassified Cases Of Craniosynostosis Of these, 1251 (85%) were nonsyndromic craniosynostoses and have been classified as scaphocephaly (592); trigonocephaly (172); plagiocephaly (190 http://www.neurosurgery.org/journals/online_j/dec96/1-6-p1.html

Classification of previously unclassified cases of craniosynostosis Paul D. Chumas, F.R.C.S.(SN), Giuseppe Cinalli, M.D., Eric Arnaud, M.D., Daniel Marchac, M.D., and Dominique Renier, M.D. Cases of craniosynostosis usually fall into well-demarcated categories: those related to a syndrome or identified by a combination of suture involvement and morphological appearance. Between 1976 and 1995, 53 (3.6%) of 1474 cases in the craniofacial databank were assessed and designated as nonsyndromic but unclassifiable. The records and radiological studies obtained in these patients were retrospectively analyzed and comparisons were made with patients classified in the databank as having simple craniosynostoses. "Two-suture synostosis" is a relatively straightforward condition and is treatable with standard craniosynostosis techniques. However, possibly as a result of surgical compromise when two sutures are involved, the rate of reoperation is far higher than in simple suture cases. In contrast, patients in the "complex" group presenting with severe multisuture involvement require a more tailor-made approach to their management that often entails a second procedure. Key Words * craniosynostosis * complex disease * cranial suture The classification of craniosynostoses depends on a combination of criteria: 1) whether the sutural disease is part of a syndrome; 2) the morphological appearance of the patient; 3) the actual sutures involved; and 4) progression of the disease over time.[1] Using these criteria, it is possible to classify the vast majority of craniosynostoses. In a minority of cases the initial classification proves to be incorrect and other features indicating a more complex nature become apparent. It is thus necessary to have a sufficient follow-up period to be confident that the initial diagnosis still holds.

72. Principles Of Treatement Of Main Conditions Managed Removal of distorted forehead B which is replaced by a suitable piece taken from the cranial vault. scaphocephaly (elongation and narrowing of the skull). http://www.cranio-facial.org/principes/principles.htm

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF MAIN CONDITIONS MANAGED Visible scars are avoided as far as possible. The main approach to the craniofacial skeleton is made through the hairy scalp. A long incision from ear to ear is performed, with a zigzag in the temporal region. This type of incision enables good exposure and usually remains practically invisible after closure. The hair is not shaved. An additional incision is sometimes performed at the eyelid level, with no scar if inside the eyelid, or a nearly invisible scar if in the skin of the eyelid. Sometimes, an opening is also made in the mucosa of the mouth, at the inner side of the lip.. In some severe cases of medial cleft and hypertelorism, an incision on the nose, to remove an excess of skin or repair a distortion, is necessary. Also, very exceptionally, the forehead, eyelids or cheeks have to be approached by direct incisions. Craniosynostosis - Frontocranial Remodeling The deformed skull will be corrected by mobilizing the distorted part or parts and by maintaining them in normal position by adapted fixation.

73. Search By Disease 23 SBLA syndrome. 24 scaphocephaly. 25 scaphocephaly. 26 Scapuloperoneal syndrome, Xlinked. 27 Scheie syndrome. 28 Schizencephaly. http://www.eddnal.com/directory/disease.php?letter=S&page=2

74. International Craniofacial Institute - Cleft Lip And Palate Treatment Center This can occur as a single suture such as the metopic (trigonocephaly), sagittal (scaphocephaly), unilateral coronal (plagiocephaly), and bilateral coronal http://www.craniofacial.net/diagnosis_libraries/craniofacial_library/craniofacia

75. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001 October;108(5):1316-1333. Copyright © 2001 American So vertical and transverse dimensions in the parietal region with compensatory increase in frontal and occipital projection (scaphocephaly or bathmocephaly). http://www.smiletrain.org/library/images/cleft206article.htm

Prenatal Sonographic Diagnosis of Major Craniofacial Anomalies Granger B. Wong , M.D., D.M.D. ; John B. Mulliken, M.D.; Beryl R. Benacerraf, M.D. Boston, Mass. From the Craniofacial Centre and the Division of Plastic Surgery at Children´s Hospital and the Department of Radiology at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2001;108:1316-1333 [Click here for reference links. (112 references linked.)] Fetal ultrasonography has made antenatal medicine possible, a specialized field that includes prenatal diagnosis, epidemiology, fetal therapy, and altered delivery strategies. Approximately 4 to 5 percent of newborns have some kind of structural anomaly, either a malformation, deformation, or disruption. The incidence of anomalies is even higher by examination of aborted embryos or by ultrasonic evaluation of fetuses that are eliminated through natural selection (terathanasia). It is tacitly believed that infants with a craniofacial deformity are best cared for by an interdisciplinary team. The same coordinated care should also be available for unborn children with the expertise of a specialist such as a sonologist, obstetrician, perinatologist, geneticist, and appropriate surgeon. Parents may ask for advice from a plastic surgeon before conception because one of them has a familial craniofacial anomaly. More often, the plastic surgeon is called to consult after a fetal abnormality is discovered by ultrasonography. The parents need counsel on the feasibility of operative correction, number of procedures, expected outcome, and quality of life issues.

76. MCG Craniofacial Center - Craniofacial Anomalies scaphocephaly (scapho=boat, skiff + cephaly=head) Also known as dolichocephaly (dolicho=long + cephaly=head.) In this case, the head has a long, narrow shape. http://www.mcg.edu/centers/cranio/anomal.htm

Medical College of Georgia Craniofacial Home A-Z Index MCG Home Children's Medical Center Craniofacial Team Craniofacial Center Personnel Cleft Family Information Craniofacial Anomalies Craniofacial Anomalies Craniosynostosis Before a child is born, the bones of the skull are not fused; this allows the bony plates of the skull to be more flexible, so the head can be molded during birth. Otherwise, it would be very difficult for a child's head to pass through the birth canal. Craniosynostosis is a condition that occurs when the bone junctions, or sutures, fuse prematurely. When some of the skull bones fuse in the womb, it can affect the baby's head shape. Sometimes the growth of the brain can also be influenced, and will benefit from surgical release of the constricted bones. Some examples follow. Click here to read about one family's experience. Plagiocephaly (plagio=oblique + cephaly=head) This condition presents with a lop-sided or twisted appearance to the head, with one side of the forehead or posterior head pushing out farther than the other. It can be associated with premature closure of one or both of the coronal or lambdoid sutures, or may come as a result of pressure of the mother's pelvic bones on the skull ( positional plagiocephaly Scaphocephaly (scapho=boat, skiff + cephaly=head)

77. LAS VEGAS RJ:NEWS: REVERSING NATURE Their son, Christopher, now 10, had scaphocephaly, a form of craniosynostosis, a disorder that results in an abnormal skull and head shape. http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/1999/Apr-12-Mon-1999/news/10727547.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive] HOME PAGE HEADLINES SECTIONS NEWS SPORTS Betting Line BUSINESS ... Archive Fun Stuff Crosswords Kids Area Gallery Extras Newspaper Subscription Contact Us Monday, April 12, 1999 REVERSING NATURE By surgically correcting a condition that causes the heads of babies to bulge out, doctors bring parents peace of mind. By Tanya Flanagan Review-Journal Still in a daze from being sedated, Diane Morales lay in a hospital bed, straining through a mental fog to see her newborn son whom a nurse held before her. E-mail this story to a friend: Your friend's e-mail address: Your e-mail address: Give us your FEEDBACK on this or any story. 1999 BEST OF LAS VEGAS RESULTS Fill out our Online Readers' Poll Printable version of this story Carlos Morales, 48, and his wife Diane, 34, at their northeast Las Vegas home with their children, from left, Deandra, 5, Christopher, 10, and Elizabeth, 2. Each child was born with craniosynostosis. Photo by Jim Laurie Deandra Morales in 1993 when she was 3 months old, before plastic surgeon Matthew Rosenberg fixed her skull abnormalities. She was born with scaphocephaly craniosynostosis, a condition that causes the head to take on an odd shape. Deandra after the surgery.

78. NYU School Of Medicine - Institute Of Reconstructive Plastic Sugery The skull becomes elongated and narrow. This abnormal head shape is called scaphocephaly. Example of Saggital Suture Synostosis Resulting in scaphocephaly. http://www.med.nyu.edu/irps/craniosynostosis.html

The Craniosynostosis Division of the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery At the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery at the NYU Medical Center, patients with Craniosynostosis are evaluated and treated by a multidisciplinary team emphasizing comprehensive care beginning at birth and continuing until the completion of facial growth. The team consists of specialists from Plastic Surgery, Dermatology, Genetics, Neurosurgery, Nursing, Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, Orthodontics, Prosthodontics, Pediatrics, psychology and Speech Pathology. What is Craniosynostosis? Are there different types of Craniosynostosis? What are the different types of Craniosynostosis? What are the different types of the craniofacial synostosis syndrome? ... What are the functions of the craniofacial team members? What is Craniosynostosis? Diagram Showing the Cranial Sutures The seven bones that compose the skull of a newborn are separated by soft spots called sutures. In the front of the skull these sutures intersect in the fontanelle, which is the large soft spot located above the baby's forehead. Craniosynostosis is a term that describes premature or earty closure of one or more of these sutures. The deformity which results depends on which suture(s) is involved. The cause of this condition is not known. Some of the craniosynostosis conditions can be inherited or passed between generations of families. Consequently, it is important that all affected children have a genetics evaluation.

79. Children's Hospital Of NewYork-Presbyterian scaphocephaly. a form of craniosynostosis that results in a long, narrow head. scaphocephaly is an early fusion of the sagittal suture. http://wo-pub2.med.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/WebObjects/PublicPediatrics.woa/wa/glossa

80. Blackwell Synergy - Cookie Absent the CATS (n = 135) groups with regard to physical, preoperative and postoperative data, except for the type of craniosysnostosis with more scaphocephaly in the http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.01155.x/abs/

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