81. THE MERCK MANUALSECOND HOME EDITION, Rubella In Ch. 273, Viral rubella. rubella (German measles, 3day measles) is a contagious viral infection that produces mild symptoms, such as joint pain and a rash. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual_home2/sec23/ch273/ch273k.jsp

82. Rubella (German Measles) rubella (German measles). What is rubella? rubella is a viral disease characterized by slight fever, rash and swollen glands. Who gets rubella? http://mdchoice.com/pt/ptinfo/rubella.asp

Sign up for a FREE disease newsletter: Select Disease Allergies Arthritis Cholesterol Depression Diabetes Hypertension Medical Information Arthritis Center Allergy Center Kid's Health Cancer Center ... Health News From our Sponsors Interactive Education Simulators PhotoRounds Medical Databases MEDLINE CancerLit AIDSLine Healthcare Employment About Us Editorial Board Our Company Contact Us We subscribe to the HONcode principles of the Health On the Net Foundation Spell Checker Search the Web's best medical sites Searches over 6,000 Medical Journals Health Information Wednesday, June 02, 2004 Find more information about this topic from either the Web or the world's best medical journals by using the search boxes at the top of this page. Rubella (German measles) What is rubella? Rubella is a viral disease characterized by slight fever, rash and swollen glands. Most cases are mild. Who gets rubella? In unvaccinated populations, rubella is primarily a childhood disease. Where children are well immunized, adolescent and adult infections become more evident. Rubella occurs more frequently in winter and spring. How is rubella spread?

83. HPA - Infections | Topics A-Z | Rubella To enlarge text select view then text size on your browser. This site uses Adobe Acrobat Download Adobe Acrobat Download here. rubella (German Measles). http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/rubella/menu.htm

Home Divisions Topics A - Z Publications ... Sitemap JavaScript Date Search Advanced Search CDR Weekly CDPH Influenza ... Deliberate Release To enlarge text select view then text size on your browser. This site uses Adobe Acrobat Download here Rubella (German Measles) This is a vaccine preventable disease for which there is a national immunisation programme in the UK. Information on the disease and the vaccine is available on www.immunisation .org.uk. The Health Protection Agency website provides up-to-date statistics on disease incidence and vaccine coverage. Menu General Information Epidemiological Data Guidelines MMR Vaccine ... Privacy Statement

84. Egg Allergies And The MMR (Measles-Mumps-Rubella) Vaccine - DrGreene.com - Carin Egg Allergies And The MMR (MeaslesMumps-rubella) Vaccine. I read that you should not vaccinate for MMR if your child has an egg allergy. http://www.drgreene.com/21_675.html

QUICK SEARCH A - Z Guide Allergies Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Bedwetting Breastfeeding Childhood Obesity Diabetes Care Guide Ear Infections Genetics Immunizations Infectious Diseases Parenting Potty Training Rashes Safety Sleep About DrGreene.com Archives About Us Context Reviews Awards Readers Comments Press Room Partners and Supporters Topic Centers Contact Us Pediatric Information A-Z Guide Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Diabetes Care Guide Discussion Boards DrGreene´s Chats DrGreene´s Event Schedule FAQ Fast Facts Feature Articles Guidelines Pediatric Updates Special Feature Top Tips Community Activty Guide Advanced Search Community Central Chat Chat Schedule Cute Faces Discussion Boards Family Friendly Recipes Parent-to-Parent Resources The DrGreene Team Newsletter Prenatal Newborn Infants Toddlers Pre-Schoolers School Age Teens / Adolescents Multimedia Library Fertility Children's Health Egg Allergies And The MMR (Measles-Mumps-Rubella) Vaccine I read that you should not vaccinate for MMR if your child has an egg allergy. I found out that my 17-month baby girl gets a rash from egg whites. What kind of problems can occur when she receives the MMR vaccine? Should she not have it? The current measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) does not contain a significant amount of egg proteins (but two other vaccines do). As recently as 1994, the AAP recommended skin testing of all children with severe egg allergies before they received the MMR. This is no longer necessary. Even those with dramatic egg allergies are extremely unlikely to have an

85. Rubella Immunization (German Measles) rubella Immunization (German Measles). rubella pregnancy. As many as 20% of women of childbearing age may be susceptible to rubella. http://www.unm.edu/~shc1/rubella.html

Announcements Blood/Body Fluid Exposure Emergency Referrals/Links Free Paps/Mammograms ... SHC Main Page Rubella Immunization (German Measles) Rubella, also known as three-day measles or German measles, is a viral disease that continues to have outbreaks on college campuses. Although the disease itself is a common childhood rash disease, it is often overlooked or misdiagnosed because its signs and symptoms vary. Sometimes symptoms are almost nonexistent. Usually the disease is very mild and is transmitted chiefly through direct contact or droplet contact from nose and throat secretions. By far the most important consequences of rubella are abnormalities in the unborn child that result from rubella infection in early pregnancy, especially in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. As many as 20% of women of childbearing age may be susceptible to rubella. Preventing infection of the unborn child and consequent congenital rubella syndrome is the major object of the rubella immunization program. The live rubella virus vaccine gives long-term, probably life-long protection against rubella. The most frequent side effects of rubella vaccine in adults is some joint aches and occasional joint swelling. This occurs in as many as one in four recipients. Ask about side effects before receiving the vaccine. You should not have a rubella vaccination if you are pregnant, or if you are a person with a history of allergic reactions to certain drugs.

86. NHS Direct Online | Self-Help Guide | German Measles (Rubella) NHS Direct SelfHelp Guide entry on German Measles (rubella) including description, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment. German Measles (rubella). http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/selfhelp/conditions/rubella/rubella.asp

Home Health encyclopaedia BestTreatments website Self-help guide ... Other links NHS Direct - self-help guide German Measles (Rubella) Click image to enlarge This is now uncommon thanks to the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine. Symptoms The person is rarely ill but will have a slightly raised temperature and swollen glands on the neck and base of the skull. The pinhead-sized, flat, red spots last about two days and need no treatment. Paracetamol will help reduce the slight fever. Causes The virus is very contagious and will spread quickly in people who are not immune. Prevention Vaccination for girls and boys is safe and effective. Complications Very rarely the virus that causes German measles (rubella) will cause an inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). The real danger may come in later life if an unvaccinated woman becomes infected with German measles (rubella) while pregnant as it can affect the development of the baby. For this reason alone, both boys and girls should be immunised with this very safe vaccine. Self care Paracetamol will reduce the mild fever.

87. Rubella rubella. rubella. rubella, or German measles, is a mild infectious disease with an incubation period of 1421 days. vaccine. rubella publications. http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/Rubella/fs/en

@import "/pages/css-p/layout_01.css"; @import "/pages/css/standard.css"; @import "/pages/css/modules.css"; @import "/pages/css/links.css"; @import "/pages/css/buttons.css"; @import "/pages/css/forms.css"; @import "/pages/css/tables.css"; @import("/pages/css/standard_fix_ie51mac.css"); Primary Navigation - link to other main sections from here Skip Navigation Homepage Policy and guidance Publications and statistics ... Procurement and proposals Department of Health You are here: Homepage Policy and guidance Health and social care topics Rubella Rubella Rubella, or German measles, is a mild infectious disease with an incubation period of 14-21 days. Patients can infect other people from one week before the onset of rash until four days afterwards. Maternal rubella infection in the first eight to ten weeks of pregnancy results in foetal damage in up to 90% of infants. Multiple defects are common, and are collectively known as Congenital Rubella Syndrome. A vaccine against rubella exists and is given as part of the triple MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine. Rubella publications Rubella documents for health professionals.

88. Hardin MD : Rubella rubella. We list the best sites that list the sites . healthfinder® rubella US Government. rubella Pictures / Symptoms. rubella http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/rubella.html

Rubella "We list the best sites that list the sites" Site Map Diseases Home Free Articles in PubMed Search Hardin MD See also: Home Measles Pediatrics All links on this page hand-checked Popular Women's Health Dermatology Nursing Pharm Infect Disease Arthritis Pictures Chickenpox +Pictures Eczema Pictures Encephalitis +Pictures Fifth Disease +Pictures Impetigo Pictures Infectious Diseases Measles +Pictures Medical Pictures +Pictures Pregnancy +Pictures Roseola +Pictures Scarlet Fever +Pictures Skin Pictures Virus Diseases +Pictures Rubella Pictures MEDLINE plus Rubella National Library of Medicine OMNI : Rubella Univ Nottingham, United Kingdom LookSmart : German measles or rubella NOAH: Rubella NY Online Access to Health Open Directory Project : Health : ... : Infectious diseases : Viral : Rubella (Other versions: Google AOL Yahoo : Rubella healthfinder® : Rubella US Government Rubella Pictures / Symptoms Rubella photos Vaccine information / Immunization action coalition, St Paul, Minnesota Rubella MEDLINEplus Health Encyclopedia : Rubella Symptoms A.D.A.M. / National Library of Medicine

89. Rubella rubella. rubella, commonly referred to as Ordinarily, rubella is a pretty trivial affair in childhood. Unfortunately, if a mother contracts http://www.drhull.com/EncyMaster/R/rubella.html

Help for sleepless parents Encyclopedia Index R rubella Search rubella Rubella, commonly referred to as German measles or three-day measles, is usually a mild disease characterized by an red, flat to somewhat raised rash, lymph node swelling (most commonly in the neck area and especially behind the ears), and slight fever. Joint pains or even arthritis occasionally occur in children and are common in adolescents and adults, especially in girls; these joint symptoms are usually of short duration. Encephalitis and low platelet count with possible increased bleeding tendency are rare complications. Ordinarily, rubella is a pretty trivial affair in childhood. Unfortunately, if a mother contracts rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy, her fetus may potentially be severely affected. This syndrome is called congenital rubella. It was once the leading cause of birth defects. The most commonly described birth defects associated with the congenital rubella syndrome involve the eye (cataracts and retinopathy), the heart (patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis), the inner ear (nerve deafness), and the nervous system (behavioral disorders, meningoencephalitis, and mental retardation). Infants with congenital rubella are frequently growth-retarded For this reason - the protection of the unborn - rubella immunization is required of young children. Rubella immunity often wears off by adulthood; thus pregnant women are tested for immunity to assess the risk of congenital rubella, and they are immunized after delivery (when they can't be pregant) if their immunity has waned. But the most important control measure is to make sure that any child the mother to be comes in contact with is immune to rubella and thus cannot infect the mother. This is called

90. The Group On Immunization Education Of The Society Of Teachers Of Family Medicin rubella rubella, Latin for little red was initially considered to be a variant of measles or scarlet fever and was called third disease. Its clinical http://www.immunizationed.org/Rubella.asp

Your browser does not support script Rubella Rubella, Latin for "little red" was initially considered to be a variant of measles or scarlet fever and was called "third disease." Its clinical features include: an incubation period of 12-23 days, lymphadenopathy in the second week, maculopapular rash 14-17 days after exposure, and a rash on the face and neck which may be more prominent after a hot shower. For more detail and original CDC source click here: http://www.cdc.gov/health/diseases.htm RUBELLA Face of man with rubella Rash of rubella on skin of child's back. Infant with congenital rubella and "blueberry muffin" skin lesions Neck of male patient with rubella Recommendations are provided only as an assistance for educators and for physicians making clinical decisions regarding the care of their patients. As such, they cannot substitute for the individual judgment brought to each clinical situation by the patient’s physician. As with all clinical reference resources, they reflect the best understanding of the science of medicine at the time of publication, but they should be used with the clear understanding that continued research may result in new knowledge and recommendations. Links to organizations found at this site are provided solely as a service to our users. These links do not constitute an endorsement of these organizations or their programs by the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine (STFM) or the Group on Immunization Education (GIE), and none should be inferred. The STFM and the GIE are not responsible for the content of the individual organization webpages found at these links. The Group on Immunization Education is responsible for the planning and administration of this web site.

91. Rubella - Quick Facts About rubella. What is rubella? rubella is a contagious illness caused by a virus. rubella can cause serious problems to an unborn baby. http://www.in.gov/isdh/healthinfo/rubella.htm

@import url(/ender/ender.css); Skip Ender Navigation accessIndiana Agency Listing Policies var dir = location.href.substring(0,location.href.lastIndexOf('www.in.gov/')); var url = location.href.substring(dir.length,location.href.length+1); document.write("Text Only") Contact Webmaster Help document.write(ender); About the Agency Bioterrorism Health Professionals Regulatory Services ... Contact Us About... Rubella What is rubella? Rubella is a contagious illness caused by a virus. The symptoms are similar to measles and scarlet fever, but do not last as long. Rubella can cause serious problems to an unborn baby. If you are pregnant, and suspect that you have or that you have been exposed to rubella, contact your healthcare professional, immediately. What are the symptoms of rubella? Illness lasts about 3 to 5 days and symptoms include: slight fever; drowsiness; sore throat; a rash appears on the first or second day, beginning on the face, and spreading quickly to the rest of the body; and some swelling in the neck lymph nodes may be present.

92. REDFLAGSDAILY.COM - F. EDWARD YAZBAK, MD F. EDWARD YAZBAK, MD. VACCINATION, rubella AND CONGENITAL rubella SYNDROME. Separating Fact From Fiction. 11 No. 4 p. 21. rubella RISKS FOR PREGNANT WOMEN. http://www.redflagsweekly.com/yazbak/2003_nov04.html

//var DOCUMENTGROUP=''; //var DOCUMENTNAME=''; //var ACTION=''; printer friendly email to a friend Home Archives Columnists Extra! ... Site Philosophy RFD STORE REDFLAGS MEMBERSHIPS MIND TECHNOLOGIES ... BULLETIN The most comprehensive scientific review and assessment of mind control technologies available Provocative, hard-hitting 60-minute taped interview With RFD Editor, Nicholas Regush A HEALING JOURNEY A Visionary Musical Adventure By Barbara Lewis, RFD Columnist REDFLAGS REPORT #1 A 10,000 Word Evaluation Of Scientific Research On Human Herpes Virus No. 6 (HHV-6) And Its Relationship To A Wide Range Of Illnesses REDFLAGS REPORT #2 A Cutting-Edge View Of The New Health Revolution REDFLAGS REPORT #3 An Evaluation Of The Amazing Nutrient, Co-Enzyme Q10 Links , however, can be made to articles on this site. site by CGR Productions F. EDWARD YAZBAK, MD VACCINATION, RUBELLA AND CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME Separating Fact From Fiction By RFD Columnist , F. Edward Yazbak, MD, FAAP.

93. Rubella. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 2001. rubella. or Pregnant women who have been exposed to rubella are given gamma globulin in an effort to prevent the disease. Research http://www.bartleby.com/65/ru/rubella.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. rubella or German measles

94. Screening: Rubella rubella. Susceptible nonpregnant women should be offered rubella vaccination; susceptible pregnant women should be vaccinated immediately after delivery. http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsrubl.htm

Screening Rubella U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Routine screening for rubella susceptibility by history of vaccination or by serology is recommended for all women of childbearing age at their first clinical encounter. Susceptible nonpregnant women should be offered rubella vaccination; susceptible pregnant women should be vaccinated immediately after delivery. An equally acceptable alternative for nonpregnant women of childbearing age is to offer vaccination against rubella without screening. There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against screening or routine vaccination of young men in settings where large numbers of susceptible young adults of both sexes congregate, such as military bases and colleges. Routine screening or vaccination of other young men, of older men, and of postmenopausal women is not recommended. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2nd Edition Screening for Rubella, 1996 Return to Quick Menu: Topic Index Return to USPSTF Home Page

95. NJDHSS, Communicable Diseases, Disease Fact Sheets: Rubella . . rubella. What is rubella? Who gets rubella? People who have not had rubella or who have not been appropriately vaccinated can acquire rubella. http://www.state.nj.us/health/cd/f_rubella.htm

Disease Index NJ InTouch What You Should Know About. . . Rubella What is Rubella? Rubella, sometimes called "German measles" or three day measles is a generalized and usually mild acute viral disease caused by a virus. The virus multiplies in the nose, throat, and lymph nodes and can spread throughout the body. Who gets Rubella? People who have not had rubella or who have not been appropriately vaccinated can acquire rubella. How is Rubella spread? Rubella is transmitted from person-to-person by upper respiratory air borne transmission or droplets and direct contact from the respiratory secretions of infected persons. What are the symptoms of Rubella? Symptoms are often mild or not apparent. Thirty to fifty percent of infected individuals have no symptoms. If symptoms are present, they usually include low grade fever, malaise, body rash, swollen glands, and in women, arthritis. The rash is difficult to describe and may vary from person to person; often the rash appears as raised or flat distinct red dots. How soon do symptoms occur?

96. Guidelines For The Control Of Infectious Diseases - Rubella rubella. Victorian Statutory Requirement. Group B notification for both acute rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). http://hna.ffh.vic.gov.au/phb/hprot/inf_dis/bluebook/rubella.htm

Public Health Division Department of Human Services Government of Victoria Australia home news ... about THE BLUE BOOK : Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases Contents Rubella Victorian Statutory Requirement Group B notification for both acute rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). School exclusion (acute rubella). lnfectious Agent Rubella virus. Clinical Features Rubella is a mild febrile viral illness characterised by a diffuse punctate and maculopapular rash. Children usually experience few or no constitutional symptoms but adults may experience a one- to five-day prodrome of low-grade fever, headache, malaise, mild coryza and conjunctivitis. Postauricular, occipital and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy is common and precedes the rash by five to 10 days. Complications include arthralgia and, less commonly, arthritis, particularly among adult females. Encephalitis is a rare complication. Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) occurs in less than 25 per cent of infants born to women who acquire rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy. Case Definition There is a generalised maculopapular rash and a fever, and one or more of:

97. The Ridgeway Surgery: Rubella And Pregnancy rubella (German Measles) and pregnancy. rubella is a type of virus infection. rubella is generally a mild illness which characteristically produces a rash. http://www.ridgeway-surgery.demon.co.uk/pregnant/rubella.htm

Rubella (German Measles) and pregnancy Rubella is a type of virus infection. All children in the UK should be immunised against Rubella shortly after their first birthday. Vaccination, unfortunately, does not always result in that individual being protected indefinitely. Rubella is generally a mild illness which characteristically produces a rash. However if a pregnant woman acquires the infection during the first half of pregnancy there is a risk that the baby in the womb may be severely affected. The vaccination can't be given to pregnant women and for this reason it is important that each time a woman plans to get pregnant she should have a blood test before she actually becomes pregnant to check that she is still protected. If not protected then she can be given the vaccination. However, if she is already pregnant then the vaccination may only be given once the pregnancy is over. If a pregnant woman is not sure if she is protected against Rubella and she is in contact with someone with a rash she should seek medical advise quickly. HOME FAQ HEALTH PROMOTION OUT OF HOURS ... CONTACT US Last updated 10 March 2000

98. Rubella - Vaccine Preventable Diseases - Division Of Immunization And Respirator rubella. rubella is a mild febrile viral disease, which mainly affects children; approximately onehalf of rubella infections are subclinical. rubella Vaccine. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/dird-dimr/vpd-mev/rubella_e.html

Vaccine Preventable Diseases Rubella Vaccination against rubella was introduced in Canada in 1969. Since the mid-1970s, rubella incidence in Canada has remained relatively low (Figure 10). An average of approximately 1,000 cases (ranging from 237 to 2,450) were reported annually from 1986 to 1995; this represents a mean rate of 4.0 per 100,000 population. A number of college and university outbreaks have been reported in recent years. About one-third of the rubella cases reported in the last 5 years have been among adolescents 10 to 19 years of age. Overall, 50% to 60% of reported cases in Canada occur in persons between the ages of 10 and 39 years. Thirty-two cases of CRS were reported in Canada from 1986 to 1995; however, CRS is believed to be grossly underreported. The primary objective of vaccination against rubella is to prevent infection during pregnancy. In addition to routine vaccination of children, vaccination is also recommended for all females of childbearing age unless they have documented prior immunization, or laboratory evidence of detectable antibodies from natural infection or previous immunization. Protection of pregnant women and women of childbearing age can be further ensured by vaccination of males, particularly those likely to come into contact with women at risk (such as males in secondary, post-secondary, and health-care institutions). 1998 Update:   In 1998, rubella incidence fell to the lowest number ever recorded nationally at 0.2/100,000 or 67 cases (

99. Rubella Virus - Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES. SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT. NAME rubella virus. SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE German measles, 3-day measles. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/msds-ftss/msds131e.html

Material Safety Data Sheets - Index MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Rubella virus SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: German measles, 3-day measles CHARACTERISTICS Togaviridae , genus Rubivirus; single-stranded positive sense RNA, icosahedral, enveloped, 50-80 nm diameter, teratogenic SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Mild febrile infectious disease with a diffuse punctate and macular rash resembling measles; leukopenia; arthralgia and arthritis may arise as complications, especially in adult females; half of infections occur without rash; 30-50% of infections are asymptomatic; congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) may occur in infants born to women with rubella in 1st trimester - death, spontaneous abortions, congenital malformations, risk decreases with fetal development EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide; prevalent in winter and spring; endemic except in remote and isolated communities which have epidemics every 10-15 years; peaked in North America every 6-9 years before vaccine; in unvaccinated populations-childhood disease, in vaccinated population - young adult infections HOST RANGE: Humans INFECTIOUS DOSE: 60 units (nasal drops); 10 units (pharyngeal spray); 30 units (subcutaneous)

100. HKNC Congenital Rubella Syndrome Resources Congenital rubella Syndrome (CRS). Resources. updates last modified 29 April 2004. rubella (German Measles) http//www.babybag.com/articles/cdc_rbla.htm. http://www.hknc.org/Rubella.htm

Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) Resources updates: last modified 24 May 2004 THIS IS THE MAIN PAGE IN "CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME (CRS)" (Go to: Page Menu) Between 1964 and 1965, there was a worldwide epidemic of rubella, also known as German measles. Pregnant women who contracted rubella in the first trimester of their pregnancy could pass the rubella virus to their developing fetus, causing the child to be born deaf, blind, with cardiac problems, developmental delays and other medical conditions. In the United States alone, approximately 20,000 children were born with two or more of these symptoms, which came to be known as congenital rubella syndrome or CRS. Several thousand of these children were reported to be deaf-blind. In the late 1980s, families and services providers in the U.S. started to report changes in the behaviors and health status of adults with CRS. Based on information about changes that had occurred in the Australian population with CRS (born in the 1940s), the Helen Keller National Center conducted a national survey to determine the prevalence of late onset manifestations in these individuals. Click here to read our findings.

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