61. Rickets rickets. rickets is Hereditary rickets is caused by an inherted defectwhich prevents the kidney from retaining phosphate. rickets can http://www.fact-index.com/r/ri/rickets.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Rickets Rickets is a vitamin deficiency disease of infancy and early childhood caused by lack of vitamin D . Rickets causes soft bones because vitamin D is not present to assist in calcium and phosphate uptake. Vitamin D is synthesised in the body on exposure to ultraviolet light and is supplemented in milk products. Some people who do not get enough sun exposure, milk products, or green vegetables may develop the disease, although this is rare today. Hereditary rickets is caused by an inherted defect which prevents the kidney from retaining phosphate. Rickets can also be caused by some other kidney and liver diseases. Rickets causes bone pain, slowed growth in children, dental problems, muscle loss and increased risk of fractures. The classic image of advanced rickets sufferers is of bow legs and a deformed chest and skull, with prominent frontal and parietal bones causing a distinctive "square headed" appearance. These deformities persist into adult life. Treatment involves increasing dietary intake of calcium, phosphate and vitamin D. Exposure to sunshine

62. Breastfeeding And Rickets Breastfeeding and rickets. rickets has been in the news lately, especiallyin association with breastfeeding. Before basics What is rickets? http://www.larkfarm.com/AP/rickets.htm

Home Attachment Parenting Breastfeeding and Rickets Rickets has been in the news lately, especially in association with breastfeeding. Before digging into those reports, let's cover the basics: What is Rickets? The Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics says " Rickets is the term signifying a failure in mineralization of growing bone or osteoid tissue....During the first third of this century, the predominant cause of rickets was nutritional deficiency of vitamin D due either to inadequate direct exposure to ultraviolet rays in sunlight (296-310 nm; these rays do not pass through ordinary window glass) or to inadequate intake of vitamin D, or both. Vitamin D deficiency rickets is rare among infants and children in the industrialized countries. Deficiency may occur in unsupplemented dark-skinned infants or in breast-fed infants of mothers unexposed to sunlight." (p. 184) Vitamin D does not itself deposit into bone, but it's a crucial part of the metabolic pathway that allows new bone cells to take up calcium and so harden ("mineralize"). Cow's milk and infant formula these days are routinely fortified with vitamin D. Previously, cod liver oil was one of the better sources, which accounts for it being given to children. The precursor of vitamin D is naturally available in human skin and automatically converted to vitamin D when the skin is exposed to sunlight, so you can do without the supplement if you're exposed to sunlight see, that stuff about getting out and playing in the fresh air is not just your mother trying to get rid of you.

63. Rickets And Neandertals rickets and Neandertals. Enter rickets into a web search engine, andyou ll find more than you probably ever wanted to know about it. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/rickets.html

Rickets and Neandertals If, as creationist Marvin Lubenow claims in Bones of Contention , rickets is virtually an unknown disease nowadays, why is it so easy to get information about it, along with X-rays of modern cases? Enter "rickets" into a web search engine, and you'll find more than you probably ever wanted to know about it. (Lubenow, like many creationists, claims that Neandertals are normal humans afflicted with diseases such as rickets) Answers to Unknown Case 42 A page on rickets used as teaching material for radiology. It contains a detailed description of rickets along with photos. The text makes it clear that the author has encountered cases of rickets. How to Prevent Rickets in Breastfed Babies Public health information from Seattle, where the low amount of sunlight increases the risk of rickets. More rickets cases (in French) More teaching material, this time from the University of Rennes. Disney Encyclopedia of Children's Health Health Central: Babies Need More Vitamin D Rickets case study Although rickets is certainly an uncommon disease nowadays, these pages demonstrate that rickets is not only well known to the medical profession, but routinely taught to medical students. Many medical textbooks (and veterinary ones; animals get rickets too) have a description of it. Return to Creationist arguments about Neandertals This page is part of the Fossil Hominids FAQ at the talk.origins Archive

64. CC051.1: Neanderthal Rickets Claim CC051.1 Neanderthals were modern humans with rickets. Response The signsof rickets differ from Neandertal fossils in several respects, including http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CC/CC051_1.html

Index to Creationist Claims Previous Claim: CC051 List of Claims Next Claim: CC052 Claim CC051.1: Neanderthals were modern humans with rickets. Source: Lubenow, M. L., 1992. Bones of contention: A creationist assessment of human fossils . Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books. Response: The signs of rickets differ from Neandertal fossils in several respects, including: People with rickets are undernourished and calcium-poor; their bones are weak. Neandertal bones are 50% thicker than the average human's. Evidence of rickets is easily detectable, especially on the ends of the long bones of the body. This evidence is not found in Neandertals. Rickets causes a sideways curvature of the femur. Neandertal femurs bend backwards. Virchow, who first reported the possibility of rickets in a Neandertal, did not cite it alone. He said the fossil had rickets in early childhood, head injuries in middle age, and arthritis in old age. It is doubtful that an entire population suffered these same afflictions. Lubenow attributes rickets to a post-Flood ice age, with heavy cloud cover, shelter and clothing, and a lack of vitamin D. But the greatest differences from modern humans, seen in

65. <<>> go! http://www.lowsleysound.co.uk/rickets/rickets.htm

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66. Unraveling The Enigma Of ... - Closing In On Rickets Closing in on rickets. Closing in on rickets. Inadvertently, he also kept theanimals indoors throughout the experiment, thereby inducing rickets. http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.asp?I=430

67. FlyBase Report: Rk rickets. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 2001. rickets. Treatment of rickets is largely preventive, ie, by early recognitionand by including adequate amounts of vitamin D and calcium in the diet. http://flybase.bio.indiana.edu:82/.bin/fbidq.html?FBgn0003255

68. Nutritional Rickets Are On The Rise In US - 02/05/04 Thursday, February 5, 2004. Nutritional rickets are onthe rise in US. By Jane E. Allen / Los Angeles Times. http://www.detnews.com/2004/health/0402/05/d03-55595.htm

@import url(/includes/css/enhanced.css); Latest Health reports Home Page Essentials CyberSurveys Forums Photo Galleries Weather ... Contact Us Autos Autos Insider Drive Car Reviews Latest Deals ... Joyrides Business Business Careers Find a Job Real Estate ... Find a Home Metro Metro/State Wayne Oakland Macomb ... Detroit History Nation/World Nation/World Politics/Gov Census Health ... Technology Sports Sports Insider LIons/NFL Pistons/NBA Red Wings/NHL ... Scoreboards Entertainment Entertainment Events Event Finder Movies/TV/DVD ... Michigan's Best Living Lifestyle Homestyle Fitness Forums News Talk Autos Talk Wings Talk Lions Talk ... Tech Talk Previous Story Next Story Thursday, February 5, 2004 Nutritional rickets are on the rise in U.S. By Jane E. Allen / Los Angeles Times Comment on this story Send this story to a friend Get Home Delivery Rickets has long been considered a Third World disease, not seen widely in the United States since poignant photos captured the bent and bowed legs of malnourished children during the Great Depression of the 1930s. But this bone-deforming nutritional disorder, which health officials thought they’d eliminated with the fortification of baby formula and foods, has been on the rise in recent years among U.S. infants and toddlers. Most cases have been found in black and Hispanic youngsters who are exclusively breast-fed for prolonged periods. The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has investigated cases in Georgia and in North Carolina, where Wake Forest University doctors in 2000 reported a fourfold increase in cases among African American babies and a threefold increase among all babies. In April, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that all infants, children and adolescents get at least 200 international units, or IU, of vitamin D daily.

69. Rickets --  Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Online Article rickets Britannica Concise. Adding vitamin D to milk has reduced rickets in highlatitudeareas where the skin cannot produce enough. To cite this page http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article?eu=402211

70. Rickets - Medical Dictionary Definitions Of Popular Medical Terms rickets A disease of infants and children that disturbs normal boneformation (ossification). rickets is a failure to mineralize bone. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6714

71. Rickets rickets,. Print this article, Defective mineralization is manifested as ricketsin the immature skeleton and as osteomalacia in the mature skeleton. http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia/medical/Volume III 1/RICKETS.ASP

Amershamhealth.com Search for: Type a word or a phrase. All forms of the word are searchable. Browse entry words starting with: A B C D ... Other characters Rickets, a bone disorder or group of clinical syndromes resulting from inadequate or delayed mineralization of osteoid in mature cortical and spongy bone, leading to interruption in orderly development and mineralization of the growth plate. Defective mineralization is manifested as rickets in the immature skeleton and as osteomalacia in the mature skeleton. Although rickets and osteomalacia are distinct disorders, prior to growth plate fusion they coexist. The rachitic and osteomalacic syndromes display remarkably similar histologic and radiographic features. In the growth plate several developmental zones can be identified: reserve zone; proliferating zone; hypertrophic zone, subdivided further into zones of maturation, degeneration and provisional calcification; and zones of primary and secondary spongiosa, located in the metaphysis immediately subjacent to the growth plate. In rickets, disorganization in the growth plate and subjacent metaphysis occurs along with defective mineralization and lack of proper formation of bone lamellae and haversian systems.

72. Rickets rickets,. Print this article, metabolic bone disease characterized Thereare many varied causes of rickets. Vitamin D deficient rickets http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia/medical/Volume VII/RICKETS.ASP

Amershamhealth.com Search for: Type a word or a phrase. All forms of the word are searchable. Browse entry words starting with: A B C D ... Other characters Rickets, metabolic bone disease characterized by disorganized and defective mineralization of bone at the physis. There are many varied causes of rickets. Vitamin D deficient rickets may result from inadequate dietary intake of vitamin D, lack of sun exposure or gastrointestinal conditions which reduce the absorption of vitamin D from the gastrointestinal tract. Rickets may also be seen with any cause of chronic renal disease ( renal osteodystrophy ). Some forms of rickets are resistant to the usual treatment doses of vitamin D, these are grouped together as vitamin D-resistant rickets. They include primary hypophosphataemia due to defective renal resorption of phosphate, failure of production of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D, end-organ insensitivity to 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D and renal tubular acidosis. The clinical presentation of rickets is usually with irritability, bone pain and tenderness. Examination may show short stature with swollen wrists and ankles, bowed legs, delayed dentition and prominence of the frontal bones. Examination of the chest may reveal a "rickety rosary" due to enlargement of the costal cartilages ( Fig.1

73. Rickets/Osteomalacia Children with rickets have abnormal bone formation resulting from inadequatecalcium in their bones. This lack rickets/Osteomalacia. http://www.mycustompak.com/healthNotes/Concern/Rickets.htm

Rickets/Osteomalacia Introduction Checklist Symptoms Treatments ... References Children with rickets have abnormal bone formation resulting from inadequate calcium in their bones. This lack of calcium can result from inadequate dietary calcium, inadequate exposure to sunshine (needed to make vitamin D), or from not eating enough vitamin D egg yolks and dairy products Rickets can also be caused by conditions that impair absorption of vitamin D and/or calcium, even when these nutrients are consumed in appropriate amounts. Activation of vitamin D in the body requires normal liver and kidney function. Damage to either organ can cause rickets. Some variations of rickets do not respond well to supplementation with vitamin D and calcium. Proper diagnosis must be made by a healthcare professional. Osteomalacia is an adult version of rickets. This condition is treated with vitamin D, sometimes in combination with calcium supplements. Osteomalacia should be diagnosed, and its treatment monitored, by a doctor. Checklist for Rickets Rating Nutritional Supplements Herbs Calcium Vitamin D Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit.

74. Disease Directory : Nutrition And Metabolism Disorders : Vitamins And Minerals : BBC Health Ask the Doctor - rickets - Ask the Doctor. Q ricketsIs it still possiblefor people to suffer rickets? Medical Information - rickets - Agency. http://www.diseasedirectory.net/Nutrition_and_Metabolism_Disorders/Vitamins_and_

Wednesday, June 02, 2004 Nutrition and Metabolism Disorders Vitamins and Minerals Beriberi Deficiency, Dependency and Toxicity ... Vitamins and Minerals : Rickets BBC Health - Ask the Doctor - Rickets - Ask the Doctor. Q: RicketsIs it still possible for people to suffer rickets? David. Dr Rob Hicks responds. Yes, this is still possible. CNN.com - Health - Rickets resurgence: Disease makes a comeback ... - Societal and environmental changes such as long commutes, smog and day care are contributing to the resurgence of childhood rickets a bone softening disease Encyclopaedia Topic : Rickets, Section : Introduction - Rickets. Rickets is a childhood disorder characterised by deformed bones due to inadequate amounts of calcium and phosphorus being incorporated into the bone. Medical Information - Rickets - Agency. MEDICAL INFORMATION - Rickets. Rickets. Rickets is the failure of the proper development of mineralization of the bone. It MotherNature.com - Prevention's Healing with Vitamins: rickets - Ch.101, rheumatoid arthritis. Ch.102, rickets. Ch.103, scleroderma. Ch.104, scurvy. Ch.105, shingles. Click Here To Learn More! Rickets. Building Strong Bones. Osteomalacia - An in depth look at this disease as to what it is, clinical manifestations, radiographs, histologic examination, laboratory aspects and references.

75. RICKETS - Meaning And Definition Of The Word Dictionary, Medical Dictionary. Search Dictionary rickets DictionaryEntry and Meaning. Pronunciation reekits. Matching Terms ricketiness http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/rickets

English Dictionary Computer Dictionary Thesaurus Dream Dictionary ... Medical Dictionary Search Dictionary: RICKETS: Dictionary Entry and Meaning Pronunciation: 'reekits Matching Terms: ricketiness Ricketish ricketsialpox Rickettsia ... rickety WordNet Dictionary Definition: [n] childhood disease caused by ... phosphorus Synonyms: rachitis See Also: avitaminosis hypovitaminosis Webster's 1913 Dictionary Definition: Rick ets n pl ... rachitis Medical Dictionary Definition: Bone disease caused by vitamin-D deficiency. Bones become bent and distorted during infancy or childhood if there is insufficient vitamin D for normal growth and development. HOME ABOUT HYPERDICTIONARY

76. Rickets rickets Report Hot Tubs To GoA report this spring showed that the childhood bone disease ricketsis on the rise again. cart? rickets Report Were You Surprised? http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/english/Ri/Rickets.html

Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Rickets Definition: Rickets Rickets Noun . Childhood disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D and sunlight associated with impaired metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Date "rickets" was first used: references Etymology: Websters 1913 Specialty Definitions: Rickets Domain Definitions Health A condition caused by deficiency of vitamin D, especially in infancy and childhood, with disturbance of normal ossification. The disease is marked by bending and distortion of the bones under muscular action, by the formation of nodular enlargements on the ends and sides of the bones, by delayed closure of the fontanelles, pain in the muscles, and sweating of the head. Vitamin D and sunlight together with an adequate diet are curative, provided that the parathyroid glands are functioning properly. ( references Medicine A disturbance of the calcium/phosphorus metabolism which occurs in the growing child as a result of vitamin-D deficiency. Source: European Union. references Source: compiled by the editor from various references ; see credits.

77. Diseases Info Skip to navigation. rickets. osteomalacia in children; deficiency vitamin D; renalosteodystrophy;pediatric osteomalacia; vitamin D deficiency; renal rickets. http://phoenity.com/diseases/rickets.html

Diseases Info Skip to navigation Rickets Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Overview Alternative names osteomalacia in children; deficiency - vitamin D; renalosteodystrophy; pediatric osteomalacia; vitamin D deficiency; renal rickets Definition A disorder involving softening and weakening of the bones ofchildren, primarily caused by lack of vitamin D and/or lack of calcium orphosphate. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Rickets is a disorder caused byinsufficiency or inefficient action of activated vitamin D in the body duringchildhood. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that may be absorbed from theintestines or may be produced by the skin when the skin is exposed toultraviolet light (particularly sunlight). It is converted to its active form bythe body in 2 steps, occurring first in the liver and completed in the kidneys.In its active form, vitamin D acts as a hormone to regulate calcium absorptionfrom the intestine and to regulate levels of calcium and phosphate in the bones.Active vitamin D is assisted by the actions of other body hormones. Because vitamin D is fat soluble, conditions that reducedigestion or absorption of fats will decrease the ability of vitamin D to beabsorbed from the intestines. Sunlight is important to skin production ofvitamin D, and environmental conditions where sunlight exposure is limited mayreduce this source of vitamin D. Lack of vitamin D production by the skin mayoccur with indoor confinement or working indoors during the daylight hours, orit may occur in climates with little exposure to sunlight.

78. FamilyFun: Health Encyclopedia: Rickets rickets. WHEN SHOULD I SUSPECT THAT MY CHILD HAS rickets? Vitamin D deficiency ricketsis most common in children between four months and two years of age. http://familyfun.go.com/parenting/child/health/childhealth/dony89enc_rick/

Search FamilyFun Tools Parent Problem Solver Field Guide to Parenting Pregnancy Calendar ... Solutions A to Z Rickets This bone disorder is most commonly caused by a nutritional deficiency of vitamin D or an inherited inability to utilize vitamin D, which is essential for skeletal development. It also may be caused by very rare, inherited disorders of metabolism, certain types of liver and kidney disease, and diseases that interfere with the absorption of vitamin D. Since sunlight triggers the conversion of a substance in the skin to vitamin D, lack of sun exposure also can lead to vitamin D deficiency rickets. Premature infants, babies with dark skin, and breast-fed babies whose mothers are poorly nourished or unexposed to sunlight are a particular risk. WHEN SHOULD I SUSPECT THAT MY CHILD HAS RICKETS? Vitamin D deficiency rickets is most common in children between four months and two years of age. If other family members are affected, the inherited forms of the disease may be diagnosed in early infancy, since doctors will be alert to the possibility that it may develop. Otherwise, inherited rickets may not become apparent until the child starts to walk. Symptoms of rickets include restlessness, irritability, trouble sleeping, pelvic pain, muscle weakness and slowed development, such as difficulty in learning to crawl or walk. An infant with rickets may have extremely thin skull bones that get indented with slight pressure and spring back to normal when pressur is removed. Babies over six months old with rickets may have flattened, square skulls, and their fontanels (the soft spots on the head) may remain open longer than normal.

79. EthnoMed How To Prevent Rickets In Breastfed Babies (English ATTENTION TO ALL BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS Preventing rickets in BreastfedBabies. August 1995 WHAT IS rickets? It is a disease http://ethnomed.org/ethnomed/patient_ed/rickets/engrickets.html

Search Ethnomed: ATTENTION TO ALL BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS Preventing Rickets in Breastfed Babies August 1995 WHAT IS RICKETS? It is a disease of weak bones caused by low amount of vitamin D in the body. In the Northwest, rickets is usually due to too little sunlight on a baby's skin. WHO IS AT RISK? All babies who receive only breastmilk for 6 months or more, all breastfed babies of color, premature babies, and infants weaned to vegan diets. WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF RICKETS? Weakness, unable to stand or walk, slow growth, seizures, irritability. HOW CAN YOU PREVENT RICKETS IN YOUR BABY? The easiest way to prevent rickets is sun exposure. Since sun is limited in the Northwest, Vitamin D should be given once a day for the first 2 years. HOW DO YOU GET VITAMIN D? Vitamin D is available at stores without a prescription. It comes in a preparation with other vitamins (vitamins A and C) called Tri-vi-sol. If you are on medical coupons, ask your doctor or WIC office for a prescription for Vitamins written as "medically necessary for exclusively breastfed infants to prevent rickets." This patient education material is provided by the Community House Calls project, International Medicine Clinic and Children's Clinic, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

80. EthnoMed EthnoMed Patient Education Rickets EthnoMed Patient Education Information. August 1995 PREVENT ricketsIN YOUR BREASTFED BABY. In AMHARIC (A Semitic language that is http://ethnomed.org/ethnomed/patient_ed/rickets.html

Search Ethnomed: EthnoMed Patient Education Information August 1995 PREVENT RICKETS IN YOUR BREASTFED BABY In AMHARIC (A Semitic language that is the official language of Ethiopia.) In CAMBODIAN (Also called "Khmer," the offical language of Cambodia.) In ENGLISH In OROMO In SOMALI (A Cushitic language that is the official language of Somalia.) In TIGRINYA (A Semitic language of Ethiopia and Eritrea.) This patient education material is provided by the Community House Calls project, Refugee Clinic and Children's Clinic, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. University of Washington Harborview Medical Center Comments ethnomed.org

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