41. Editorials - April 15, 2004 - American Family Physician The evidence suggests that these four conditions (and others) frequently coexistin what was described by Reaven in 1988 as syndrome X, now known as the http://www.aafp.org/afp/20040415/editorials.html

Advanced Search Editorials Metabolic Syndrome: Early Identification and a Proactive Approach Are Warranted IGNACIO DE ARTOLA, JR., M.D. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, California See article on page 1961. Hardly an issue of any primary care medical journal, including this issue of American Family Physician , can be opened without encountering an article on type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, or hypertension. Furthermore, newspapers and television news shows are replete with reports about the epidemic of obesity and consequent diabetes in the U.S. population. It is rare to see type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, or hypertension in isolation. The evidence suggests that these four conditions (and others) frequently coexist in what was described by Reaven in 1988 as syndrome X, now known as the metabolic syndrome. An article in JAMA placed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States at 24 percent-and the prevalence appears to be increasing. There is general agreement that insulin resistance is the underlying cause of metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance and resulting hyperinsulinemia have been implicated in the development of glucose intolerance (and progression to type 2 diabetes), hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome, hypercoagulability, and vascular inflammation, as well as the eventual development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease manifested as myocardial infarction, stroke, and myriad end-organ diseases. Conversely, treatment and consequent improvement of insulin resistance have been shown to result in better outcomes in virtually all of these conditions.

42. When Good Carbs Turn Bad cluster of problems commonly goes by the name of syndrome X, a term coined in 1988by Stanford University physician and endocrinology researcher Gerald Reaven. http://www.diabetic-help.com/when_good_carbs_turn_bad.htm

When Good Carbs Turn Bad (washingtonpost.com) By Lawrence Lindner Special to The Washington Post Tuesday, June 19, 2001; Page HE11 It sounds like a plug for the Atkins program: A high-carbohydrate diet may be bad for you. It's true – though it goes against the advice of virtually every health-promoting organization in the country. But it's not because carbohydrates make you fat. They don't. Only excess calories can make you fat, and it doesn't matter whether they come from carbohydrates, fat or protein. It's because too many carbohydrates can make some people more prone to develop heart disease. The evidence has accumulated to the point that even the latest guidelines on preventing heart disease, released last month by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), mention that high-carbohydrate diets could present problems for certain people at increased risk for heart attacks and other cardiovascular problems. In those individuals, eating the majority of calories as carbohydrates

43. Circulation -- Reaven 106 (3): 286 Diabetes. 1988; 37 1595–1600.Abstract; Reaven, GM. Insulin resistance, compensatoryhyperinsulinemia, and coronary heart disease syndrome X revisited. http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/106/3/286

PDF Version of this Article Citation Map Email this article to a friend Similar articles found in: Circulation Online PubMed PubMed Citation This Article has been cited by: other online articles Search PubMed for articles by: Reaven, G. Alert me when: new articles cite this article Download to Citation Manager Collections under which this article appears: Chronic ischemic heart disease Lipids Obesity Glucose intolerance ... Risk Factors Circulation. Clinician Update Metabolic Syndrome Pathophysiology and Implications for Management of Cardiovascular Disease Gerald Reaven, MD From Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, Calif. Correspondence to Gerald Reaven, MD, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail greaven@cvmed.stanfor.edu Key Words: Introduction Top Introduction Conclusion References Case Presentation: E.C. is a 53-year-old postmenopausal female, referred for treatment of hypertension, with a family history of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease

44. ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/R Click Here. Top Health Conditions and Diseases R (0 links). Rabies@ (12);Raynaud s Phenomenon@ (17); Reactive Arthritis@ (10); Reaven s syndrome@ (21); http://www.sciencedaily.com/directory/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/R

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45. Syndrome X (metabolic) Reaven s syndrome , after Dr Gerald M. Reaven (who put the syndrome on themap in 1988 in the Banting lecture, named after Sir Frederick Banting). http://www.sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/syndrome_x__metabolic_

Match: sort by: relevance date Free Services Subscribe by email RSS newsfeeds PDA-friendly format loc="/images/" A A A Find Jobs In: Healthcare Engineering Accounting College Contract / Freelance Customer Service Diversity Engineering Executive Healthcare Hospitality Human Resources Information Tech International Manufacturing Nonprofit Retail All Jobs by Job Type All Jobs by Industry Relocating? Visit: Moving Resources Moving Companies Mortgage Information Mortgage Calculator Real Estate Lookup Front Page Today's Digest Week in Review Email Updates ... Outdoor Living Encyclopedia Main Page See live article Syndrome X (metabolic) Syndrome X or ' is a combination of medical disorders that affect a large number of people in a clustered fashion. In some studies, the prevalence in the USA is calculated as being up to 25% of the population. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Nomenclature 2 Signs and symptoms 3 Diagnosis 4 Therapy Nomenclature Other names for this syndrome are: "Metabolic syndrome" Insulin resistance syndrome"; "Reaven's Syndrome", after Dr Gerald M. Reaven (who put the syndrome on the map in in the Banting lecture , named after Sir Frederick Banting "CHAOS" ( Australia It is not related to: Fragile X syndrome (a chromosomal abnormality);

46. Metabolic Syndrome - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center or metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is also called Reaven syndrome,insulin resistance syndrome, or Metabolic syndrome X. http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/metabolic.html

//var DOCUMENTGROUP=''; //var DOCUMENTNAME=''; //var ACTION=''; Heart Information Center Click here for Heart Owner's ... Update This publication contains information to help you understand and live a heart-healthy lifestyle. Published for friends of the Texas Heart Institute. Metabolic Syndrome Thanks to many studies and thousands of patients, researchers have found certain variables that play an important role in a person's chances of developing heart disease. These variables are called risk factors. In recent years, researchers have found that some of these heart disease risk factors cluster together in certain people. This clustering of risk factors is known as or metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is also called Reaven syndrome, insulin resistance syndrome, or Metabolic Syndrome X. People with metabolic syndrome have a clustering of the following risk factors: Central obesity , meaning extra weight in the stomach area Diabetes or trouble digesting a type of sugar called glucose (glucose intolerance) High levels of triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL or "good cholesterol") in the bloodstream High blood pressure (hypertension) There is still a lot to be learned about metabolic syndrome, but doctors do know that people with metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of

47. Insulin Resistance Syndrome 10. Reaven GM. Do high carbohydrate diets prevent the development or attenuatethe manifestations (or both) of syndrome X? A viewpoint strongly against. http://www.mycustompak.com/healthNotes/Concern/Insulin_Resistance_Syndrome.htm

Insulin Resistance Syndrome Also indexed as: Metabolic Syndrome, Syndrome X Introduction Checklist Symptoms Treatments ... References The insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is a group of health risk factors that increase the likelihood of heart disease and perhaps other disorders, such as diabetes and some cancers The risk factors that make up IRS include insulin resistance, which refers to the reduced ability of the hormone insulin to control the processing of glucose by the body. Other major risk factors often associated with IRS include high blood sugar and high blood triglycerides cholesterol high blood pressure , and excessive body fat in the abdominal region. People with IRS do not always have every one of these risk factors, but they usually have many of them. A qualified doctor should make the diagnosis of IRS after a thorough examination and blood tests. Most people with type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance, but many more people who are not diabetic also have insulin resistance. Since insulin resistance itself often does not cause symptoms, these people may not be aware of their problem. Some authorities believe insulin resistance is partially inherited and partially due to lifestyle factors. In addition to the recommendations discussed below, people with IRS may benefit from some of the recommendations given for type 2

48. Hot Topics / Syndrome X Dr. Reaven coined the term syndrome X in 1988 when referring to the unknown phenomenonof heart threatening abnormalities occurring in insulinresistant people http://www.lifestylemanagement.com/lma/books/syndromex.htm

Lifestyle Management Associates Presents Hot Topics Syndrome X The March issue of the Nutrition Action Healthletter contains an interview with Dr. Gerald Reaven (1). Dr. Reaven, renowned and well respected professor of medicine at Stanford University, is the “insulin expert” quoted in all the bestselling anti-carbohydrate diet books - The Zone, Dr. Atkins New diet Revolution, Protein Power. “They all misinterpret that work”, says Dr. Reaven. He became so upset about the misinformation in these other books that he wrote his own book, Syndrome X: Overcoming the Silent Killer That Can Give You a Heart Attack. Dr. Reaven coined the term Syndrome X in 1988 when referring to the unknown phenomenon of heart threatening abnormalities occurring in insulin-resistant people who did not get type 2 diabetes. In normal individuals insulin attaches to the insulin receptors on the cell surface and enables glucose (and amino acids) to enter muscle and fat cells. But in Syndrome X the body is resistant to the insulin. To compensate, the pancreas secretes more and more insulin and the excess insulin manages to keep blood glucose levels within the normal range so diabetes does not occur. The high insulin levels lead to high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, high blood pressure, smaller and denser LDL, and an increase in postprandial (after meals) accumulation of triglyceride rich lipoproteins in the blood. All these factors raise the risk of heart disease. (2,3,4) When asked how many Americans have Syndrome X, Dr. Reaven explained that when his group measured insulin resistance in non-obese, nondiabetic individuals (without high blood pressure) about 25% to 30% were insulin resistant.

49. Chromium Picolinate, Qnt: 150 Tablets, Size: 200 Mcg sugar (hypoglycemia). The Insulin Resistance syndrome (syndrome X;Reaven s syndrome; InsulinMetabolic syndrome). The combination http://www.youngagain2000.com/chrompic150c.html

PRODUCT AND LIBRARY SEARCH Home Email Us General Information Affiliates ... take a wellness test CHOOSE YOUR LANGUAGE suggested links The Five Star TOP SERVICE award is Yahoo! Shopping's sign of superlative quality. Young Again participates in Yahoo's Merchant Rating System, and our customers have voted Young Again Yahoo's highest rating Read what our customers tell Yahoo! about our service and products. Click Here Powered by Web Host Station Subscribe to the Longevity News Email: Buy 2 Get 1 Free! CHROMIUM PICOLINATE, 150 tablets, 200 mcg Chromium Picolinate Supplement: Mineral Nutrient for Weight Loss, Muscle Fitness, Prevention and Control of Diabetes, Hypoglycemia, and Other Insulin Related Illnesses Chromium, Essential Trace Mineral, Helps Insulin to Work Efficiently This super weight loss weapon is included with the Herbal Appetite Suppressor, but an extra boost during a stringent diet will help you lose weight faster. After you have reached your weight goal chromium picolinate and Fat Sponge cab help keep it off. THE FOLLOWING PRODUCT DESCRIPTION IS LENGHTY. TO ORDER NOW, SCROLL TO THE BOTTOM OF PAGE.

50. HSR - Health Supplement Retailer 04/02: Syndrome X Analyzed He defined this cluster as syndrome X. According to Reaven, syndrome X, alsocalled insulin resistance syndrome, is a little known metabolic disorder in http://www.hsrmagazine.com/articles/241feat2.html

June 2, 2004 current issue archive buyer's guide media kit ... Court Supports FDA's Ephedra Ban A New Jersey court upheld FDA's ephedra ban after two companies petitioned to have it suspended, stating the agency did not prove ephedra posed an unreasonable risk. Consumer Reports, Forbes Attack Supplements Consumer Reports and Forbes have both come out with cover stories that highlight the negative side of supplements. Federal Agency Sets Policy on Carb Claims for Alcoholic Beverages Low carb beers and ads positioning those products as useful in weight management have been targeted in a ruling from the federal agency overseeing the alcohol trade. TrimSpa Facing Second Class Action Suit The makers of ephedra-free TrimSpa are now facing lawsuits in California and New York alleging the product misled consumers. Ciekanski Takes Home HSR 's $1,000 The owner of Dover Healthy Alternatives was the big winner of HSR 's $1,000 Expo Cash Giveaway at Expo West. more news... Syndrome X Analyzed by Laurie Belongie Americans have developed a love affair with highly processed carbohydrate foods. These foods are everywhere; sugar cereals, snacks, pizza and breads line the shelves, calling out from every corner. This love affair, however, has turned out to be a disastrous relationship for millions of people. These foods wreak havoc on bodies by introducing unnaturally high levels of sugars into the system. And, for some, eating these foods could produce a little known ailment called Syndrome X, which can lead to other life-threatening diseases including diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. Fortunately, Syndrome X can be aided with natural supplements such as antioxidants, minerals and herbs.

51. Syndrome X - Stanford Hospital And Clinics Fortunately, you do not need to be an expert in diabetes or heart disease to understandReaven s research because syndrome X presents complicated information http://www.stanfordhospital.com/healthLib/atStanford/Columns/thlColumnSyndromeX.

Stanford Health Library Syndrome X Syndrome X: Overcoming the Silent Killer That Can Give You A Heart Attack the compelling new book by Stanford researcher Gerald Reaven, MD, presents in the popular press for the first time, a thorough discussion of the little known constellation of metabolic abnormalities that result in Syndrome X, also known as the "insulin resistance syndrome," that affects between 60-75 million Americans and may be the cause of fifty percent of all heart attacks. Reaven is the lead researcher who, in 1988, first presented the results of twenty years of study that showed that the effect of an array of changes around insulin resistance is increased heart disease. He named these changes "Syndrome X". Syndrome X covers new ground for most readers who are already familiar with the relationship of cholesterol to heart disease and who have been educated to eat a low-fat, high carbohydrate "heart healthy" diet. The surprising results of Reaven's studies show that for a good percentage of people, those with Syndrome X, the heart healthy diet contributes to heart disease which may go undiagnosed until a heart attack occurs. As Reaven explains, the problems begin with the differences in the ways in which blood sugar (glucose) is utilized by the body through the assistance of insulin, a protein secreted by the pancreas. In those whose insulin is ineffective in managing the glucose (resistant), the pancreas secretes increasing amounts of insulin to overcome the insulin resistance. In those people who cannot produce enough insulin to keep up with the abnormal demand, Type 2 diabetes develops. For others, their bodies continues to pump out large amounts of insulin to compensate for the glucose which still needs to be transported into cells. From there, the damage to arteries begins, laying the groundwork for heart disease. Fortunately, you do not need to be an expert in diabetes or heart disease to understand Reaven's research because

52. X Syndrome It is not known whether following Reaven s diet can prevent syndromeX. Reaven is studying the link between his diet and syndrome X. http://www.gazettearchives.com/health2001/_disc4/00000115.htm

Home News Sports Business ... THE SHELBY STAR 2001 Health Article Archive [ Contents Search Lifestyles Archive Menu X Syndrome Date: Comments By Lisa Liddane - Freedom News Service When he sees it in patients, Dr. Andrew Reikes says it is like spotting individual stars in the sky first, then realizing they form a particular constellation. "That constellation is Syndrome X," says Reikes, assistant professor of endocrinology at the University of California, Irvine. And it's something that increases those patients' risk of heart disease. Also known as the metabolic syndrome, Syndrome X is a dangerous cluster of medical conditions, including elevated blood pressure, high insulin levels, low HDL or "good" cholesterol, smaller and more dense LDL "bad" cholesterol particles and high triglycerides. Each person with Syndrome X has a different combination of several of these or other conditions, but he or she must have insulin resistance — the centerpiece of the syndrome. Insulin guides fuel called glucose to our body's cells for storage. Insulin resistance occurs when the insulin the body produces isn't strong and effective enough to escort the glucose properly. So the pancreas produces excess insulin to keep the blood glucose in the normal range, but in the upper end. Although insulin resistance has some similarities to type 2 diabetes, it is different because in type 2 diabetes, the pancreas is unable to keep up insulin production. Some people with the syndrome go on to develop type 2 diabetes.

53. Syndrome X: Overcoming The Silent Killer That Can Give You A Heart Attack Then I realized that Reaven with his syndrome X isnt contradicting the save yourheart advice weve been getting since the 1970s. Instead, hes refining it. http://www.medicine-book.com/Syndrome_X_Overcoming_the_Silent_Killer_That_Can_Gi

Syndrome X: Overcoming the Silent Killer That Can Give You a Heart Attack Syndrome X: Overcoming the Silent Killer That Can Give You a Heart Attack by Authors: Gerald M. Reaven , Gerald, M.D. Raven , Barry Fox , Terry Kristen Strom Released: March, 2000 ISBN: 0684868628 Hardcover Sales Rank: List price: Our price: Book > Syndrome X: Overcoming the Silent Killer That Can Give You a Heart Attack > Customer Reviews: Average Customer Rating: Syndrome X: Overcoming the Silent Killer That Can Give You a Heart Attack > Customer Review #1: Good Diet With Good Fats This book cuts through ALL the fad diets and hones in on the truth about insulin, good and bad fats, and how to prevent heart attack from the high insulin levels of Syndrome X. Its a tasty diet that Ive found easy to stick to, that emphasizes non-insulin stimulating monounsaturated fat to replace carbohydrate calories. Those carb calories can cause insulin levels to climb dangerously high. My doctor says I have Syndrome X- so thank you Dr. Reaven for your book that came just in time for me. Syndrome X: Overcoming the Silent Killer That Can Give You a Heart Attack > Customer Review #2: HEART ATTACK CURE Syndrome X: Overcoming the Silent Killer That Can Give You a Heart Attack > Customer Review #3:

54. SYNDROME X - What Is Syndrome X? disease. Professor Reaven called syndrome X the “metabolic syndrome”which is seen in people who are insulin resistant. Although http://www.weightcontroldoctor.com/healthtopics/syndromex/default.asp

Syndrome X Jump to a Topic 1. Start Page 2. Diet 3. Abnormalities 4. Insulin Resistance 5. Abnormal Blood Fats 6. Abnorma Blood Glucose 7. Why it's largely unknown 8. Causes 9. Tests 10. Serum Insulin 11. Hemoglobin Levels 12. Uricacid Plus 13. Triple Strategy 14. Carbohydrates 15. Protein 16. Raw Plant Food 17. Insulin 18. Improve Liver Function 19. Fatty Liver 20. Fatty Liver - how to tell 21. Fatty Liver - Toxic Liver 22. Fatty Liver - Causes 23. Sweeteners 24. EFA 25. Symptoms 27. Strategies 28. Children 30. Diabetes 31. Diabetes Drugs 32. Lets Talk Diets 33. Glycemic Index 34. Glucagon 35. Food Labels 37. Assessing Bodyweight 38. Obstacles To Weightloss 39. Diet Tips 40. Shopping List 41. Balancing Foodgroups 42. Conversion Chart 43. Extra Tips 44. Need More Help? 45. References What is Syndrome X? A Syndrome is a cluster of symptoms found in one patient that characterize a condition. Syndrome X is such a cluster. The symptoms and conditions that occur together to characterise Syndrome X include:

55. June Russell's Health Facts: Syndrome X Dr. Gerald Reaven, author of the book, “syndrome X,” takes issue with the dietbooks that focus on carbohydrates as a cause of obesity he says excess http://www.jrussellshealth.com/syndromex.html

Home My Health Journey Alcohol Winter Maladies: Natural Approaches ... Sources/Comments June Russell's Health Facts Syndrome X Syndrome X is a condition that refers to a specific group of symptoms of which insulin resistance is the centerpiece. Nutrition author Jack Challem says you cannot have Syndrome X without insulin resistance, which then leads directly or indirectly to a specific group of associated symptoms: glucose intolerance, obesity, blood-fat abnormalities and hypertension. It is advised that individuals who wish to avoid Syndrome X avoid alcohol. Syndrome X is increasingly becoming the subject of medical journal articles and studies throughout the U.S. Insulin resistance is a hormonal “jam” that interferes with the body’s ability to burn food. Muscle cells become more resistant to insulin, thereby reducing the ability of nutrients to pass through the cell membrane into the cells. The pancreas tries to compensate for the resistance by producing more insulin. If this cycle continues, diabetes may result. Women who develop Syndrome X have a greater cardiovascular risk and the obesity epidemic in Western society is the perfect environment for Syndrome X to grow in, says Laurence Sperling, M.D., medical director of preventive cardiology at the Emory Clinic. (“Syndrome X: Who is susceptible, How to Steer Clear.” CBSHealthWatch -Library, Medscape 2000 6/11/00)

56. Numedix.comThe Leader In Continuing Education to a heart attack. Now, Gerald Reaven, MD, the pioneering StanfordUniversity doctor who discovered syndrome X, explains it all http://www.numedix.com/dt/dt008.htm

Search by title, keyword or author. Browse by Category - Select Category - Behavioral Science Communication Counseling Skills Disease Therapy Education Integrative Medicine Management Professional Success Sports Medicine Sunset Medicine Weight Management Women's Health Not sure what you're looking for? Try quick view All Categories Courses by CE A to Z Catalog Syndrome X Overcoming The Silent Killer That Can Give You A Heart Attack Gerald Reaven, M.D. 8 CPEU or CE hours Course: $68 CE Exam only: $48 Description If your patient has Syndrome Xand 60 to 70 million Americans dothe widely recommended low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet may be the surest route to a heart attack. Now, Gerald Reaven, M.D., the pioneering Stanford University doctor who discovered Syndrome X, explains it all: Why the failure of insulin, the body's "sugar cop," to process blood sugar is the key to Syndrome X

57. Nutrition News And Stunted Growth are at high risk. Perhaps that is why the experssion Reaven s syndrome has never caught on. Now Reaven, of Stanford University http://www.growtall.com/nutrition-news.htm

Stunted Growth And Other Nutritional News Articles ! Cholesterol effect of soybeans from plant sterols A USDA study using a lowfat soy sterol extract has found that while a lowfat diet can reduce plasma cholesterol by around 7.3 - 8.5 percent, adding soybean sterols increased the effect to 14.1 - 18.2 percent. The level of sterol was around 2.2g per day, much greater than is provided by the usual intake of vegetable oils which might provide around 0.25g/d. There was no group with the sterols with a higher fat diet, such as one rich in mono- and polyunsaturates. It would be important to discover this because a diet with a near normal fat content, say 30 percent of energy now recommended by the US new draft Dietary Guidelines, is much easier to achieve than a lowfat diet which can be unpalatable. Percentage reduction in Total chol LDL TG Lowfat, no sterol 14.1 18.2 16.2 Lowfat, + sterol 7.3 8.4 7.3 Source: Judd J, Baer D, Clevidence B, Chen S and Meijer GW: Effect of dietary sterol esters in salad dressings on blood lipids, lipoproteins and carotenoids. Does a diet rich in vegetables fruit and cereals help prevent colon cancer?

58. Insulin Resistance - Humana Press Abstract Gerald Reaven, the discoverer of syndrome X, and a panel of worldclassinvestigators thoughtfully summarize our current understanding of how insulin http://www.humanapress.com/Product.pasp?txtCatalog=HumanaBooks&txtProductID=1-59

59. The Metabolic Syndrome And Vascular Disease - Humana Press Table 1). In view of the rather limited understanding of the nature of the associationof these features at that time, Reaven used the term syndrome X (3). He http://www.humanapress.com/ChapterDetail.pasp?isbn=1-59259-091-8&ccode=1-59259-0

60. How Fructose, Insulin And Syndrome X Can Change Your Life A diet high in these polyunsaturated fatty acids combats syndrome X. Gerry Reavenof Stanford University, who coined the term syndrome X, couldn t agree more. http://www.mercola.com/2001/dec/12/syndrome_x.htm

Dr. Joseph Mercola Author of the Total Health Program Enter your e-mail address below to subscribe to my free newsletter: Previous Issues Essential Info Health Blog My Vision My Qualifications #1 Natural Health Site ... More... Health Resources Nutrition Plan Fewer Grains/Sugars More Omega-3 More Water ... Issue 280 December 12, 2001 'Rational' Decisions Clouded By Emotions Techniques Identify New Bacteria Fructose, Insulin and Syndrome X Setting Your Goals ... Print this Page document.write ( "E-mail to a Friend" ); document.write ( "" ); How Fructose, Insulin and Syndrome X Can Change Your Life By Gail Vines You try to look after yourself. You reduced your intake of saturated fat years ago, you're not overweight, you don't smoke. Basically, you don't consider yourself at risk of developing heart disease. Sorry to disappoint you, but there's something you've overlooked. Syndrome X. The name, coined by Gerry Reaven of Stanford University in the late 1980s, sounds threatening, and with good reason. Syndrome X is a hidden but life-threatening perversion of bodily metabolism that is likely to hasten the end of anyone who has it.

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