21. REACTIVE ARTHRITIS reactive arthritis. Gabe Mirkin, MD. The most common cause of arthritis, particularly in people under 50, is reactive arthritis that often follows an infection. http://www.drmirkin.com/joints/J159.htm

REACTIVE ARTHRITIS Gabe Mirkin, M.D. I am absolutely amazed that more doctors do not treat at least some of their arthritis patient with antibiotics because there are hundreds of papers showing that hundreds of different infections cause arthritis. Doctors do not have laboratory tests to diagnose many of the germs that cause arthritis. Failure to treat arthritis early can cause permanent cartilaginous damage so that no treatment can be effective later. The most common cause of arthritis, particularly in people under 50, is reactive arthritis that often follows an infection. If you develop sudden unexplained pain in one or more joints, your doctor should check you for an infection. You should be asked if you have a urinary tract infection: burning on urination, discomfort when your bladder is full, a feeling that you have to urinate all the time, getting up in the middle of the night to urinate. Check for a stomach infection: belching and burning in stomach or chest. Check for a lung infection: chronic cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, burning in your nose or soreness in your throat. Check for intestinal infection: diarrhea, belly cramps or blood in stool. Also check for gum disease, chronic stuffy nose, chills or fever. The following can cause reactive arthritis: Salmonella intestinal infection (1), mononucleosis (2,21,25), parvovirus, chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C) virus infections (3), Retroviruses (4,5). Venereal diseases, such as chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, gonorrhea and Gardnerella cause arthritis (6,7,8), mycoplasma (9), Human T Cell Leukemia Virus-1 (10,33), chlamydia (11,15,16,17,18,24,34), urinary infections with chlamydia, ureaplasma and mycoplasma (12,26,27,39), many different intestinal infections (13,35,41,42,43,44,45,46), ureaplasma (14,27), Lyme disease (19,23), Salmonella diarrhea (20), parvovirus B19 (22,36), cytomegalovirus (25,26,32), streptococcal sore throat (28), cat scratch disease (29), human herpes virus-6 (30), hemophilus influenza bacteria (31), AIDS (HIV) (33), hepatitis B and C (36). staph aureus bacterial infections (37,38). Additional references are provided below.

22. REACTIVE ARTHRITIS - NEW STUDIES 8517 7/27/00. reactive arthritis NEW STUDIES. Gabe Mirkin, MD. I find it incredible that many doctors are not aware of the scientific http://www.drmirkin.com/joints/8517.html

REACTIVE ARTHRITIS NEW STUDIES Gabe Mirkin, M.D. I find it incredible that many doctors are not aware of the scientific literature showing that almost any chronic infection can cause your joints to hurt. When this happens, if you are not treated early with long-term antibiotics, your joints can be destroyed permanently because damaged cartilage can never heal. The April issue of Current Opinions in Rheumatology has many articles on specific bacteria that have been shown repeatedly to cause arthritis. One of the most common causes of arthritis is chlamydia (1). First you get a cough, sore throat, burning in your stomach , diarrhea, burning on urination, vaginal burning, pain in the testicle, muscle pain or nerve damage. If you let these symptoms go on for a few months, your joints can start to hurt. If you are treated then, you can be cured. If the arthritis is allowed to continue, you can suffer permanent damage to your joints. Human parvovirus B19 also causes arthritis (2). The most common syndrome caused by this virus is erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), high fever and rash febrile occurring primarily in children. Recent studies have shown that parvovirus B19 can cause acute arthritis and occasionally a chronic arthropathy, both in children and adults. Recent studies also indicate a possible connective tissue disease-like syndrome with parvoviral infections. The common features of this syndrome are a red rash on the cheeks, joint pains, muscle and joint pains and a positive ANA blood test that deceives doctors into thinking that the disease is a life-threatening disease called lupus.

23. EMedicine - Reactive Arthritis And Reiter Syndrome : Article By Carlos J Lozada, reactive arthritis and Reiter Syndrome In 1916, Hans Reiter described a triad of nongonococcal urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis in a young German http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1998.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Rheumatology Reactive Arthritis and Reiter Syndrome Last Updated: July 19, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Reiter’s syndrome, RS, ReA, nongonococcal urethritis, conjunctivitis, oculo-urethro-synovial syndrome, Shigella dysentery, gastrointestinal infections, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Chlamydia trachomatis, C trachomatis, Yersinia, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, seronegative spondyloarthropathy, infectious diarrhea, genitourinary infection AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Carlos J Lozada, MD , Director of Rheumatology Fellowship Program, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, University of Miami School of Medicine Coauthor(s): Carlos Alonso, MD

24. About / Reactive Arthritis - Reiter's Syndrome (ReA) reactive arthritis/Reiter s Syndrome (ReA) reactive arthritis is a member of an obscure, yet not uncommon group of diseases called the spondyloarthropathies http://www.spondylitis.org/about/whatisreactive.aspx

Section Home Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) Reactive Arthritis/Reiter’s Syndrome (ReA) ... News Central Wed, Jun 2, 2004 Back to Homepage Reactive Arthritis/Reiter's Syndrome (ReA) Reactive arthritis is a member of an obscure, yet not uncommon group of diseases called the spondyloarthropathies (SpA). ReA is thought to occur as a reaction to an infection that began elsewhere on the body, generally either in the genitourinary tract from sexual contact or in the gastrointestinal tract from contact with contaminated food. Genetically susceptible people are more likely to develop ReA after an infection. Over two thirds of people with reactive arthritis test positive for the HLA-B27 gene, which is associated with other forms of spondylitis. The presence of genetic factors are one of the primary indicators, but not all people with ReA were predisposed to developing the condition. Doctors do not know why some people exposed to these bacteria develop this disorder and others do not. We hope this section can lead you through the uncertainty of dealing with ReA.

25. Reactive Arthritis What You Should Know Familydoctor.org reactive arthritis What You Should Know. What is reactive arthritis? Reactive Return to top. Who gets reactive arthritis? Reactive http://familydoctor.org/x1546.xml

Advanced Search familydoctor.org Home Conditions A to Z STDs, HIV and AIDS Reactive Arthritis What is reactive arthritis? Who gets reactive arthritis? How can my doctor tell I have reactive arthritis? How is reactive arthritis treated? ... What can I do to get better? Reactive Arthritis: What You Should Know Printer-friendly version Email this article What is reactive arthritis? Reactive arthritis is an uncommon disease that can make your joints hurt and swell. It can also cause rash, fever, weight loss, heart problems, red eyes, blurry vision and pain in the joints. "Reactive Arthritis" means your immune system is reacting to an infection you already had. Reactive arthritis is also called Reiter's (say: "rite-erz") syndrome. Return to top Who gets reactive arthritis? Reactive arthritis is most common in men who are 20 to 40 years old. You might get it a few weeks after having food poisoning. You can also get it after having some kinds of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as gonorrhea, chlamydia or HIV infection. Most people who get reactive arthritis were born with a gene, called HLA-B27, that makes them more likely to get this kind of arthritis. Return to top How can my doctor tell I have reactive arthritis?

26. Reactive Arthritis What You Should Know Familydoctor.org Return to Web version. reactive arthritis What You Should Know. What is reactive arthritis? Reactive Who gets reactive arthritis? Reactive http://familydoctor.org/x1546.xml?printxml

27. Reactive Arthritis: Current Perspectives reactive arthritis Current Perspectives. The term reactive arthritis was first proposed by Ahvonen et al and since that time, it has been in common use 2 . http://www.indegene.com/Ort/FeatArt/indOrtFeatArt3.html

Reactive Arthritis: Current Perspectives Calcutta Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a joint inflammation developing soon after or during an infection elsewhere in the body, but the organism cannot be isolated or cultured from the joint. Recently, non-infectious components of the infective organism have been demonstrated in the synovium and synovial fluid. It is often termed Reiter's disease after Hans Reiter who described a triad of oligoarthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis in a young officer and discussed this as 'treponema arthritides' . However, the first description of the disease is attributed to Benjamin Brodie in 1818. The term reactive arthritis was first proposed by Ahvonen et al and since that time, it has been in common use ReA consists of an asymmetrical, predominantly lower limb oligoarthritis often associated with urethritis, conjunctivitis, and sometimes with other articular and extraarticular features. It characteristically follows an infection, usually of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract. In 65 percent-85 percent of patients, ReA is associated with the class I major histocompatibility antigen HLA-B

28. Reactive Arthritis Note All links within content go to MayoClinic.com. Diseases and Conditions. reactive arthritis. From MayoClinic.com Special to CNN.com. Overview. http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/DS/00486.html

International Edition MEMBER SERVICES The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Services CNNtoGO Contact Us SEARCH Web CNN.com In association with: INFORMATION CENTERS: Pick a category Health Centers Family Health Men's Health Women's Health Children's Health Seniors' Health Working Life Pain Management Condition Centers Immune System Allergy Alzheimer's Arthritis Respiratory System Cancer Endocrine System Digestive System Heart and Blood Infectious Disease Mental Health Note: All links within content go to MayoClinic.com Diseases and Conditions Reactive arthritis From MayoClinic.com Special to CNN.com Overview Reactive arthritis (ReA) is an inflammatory condition that develops in response to an infection in another part of your body. Though inflammation of your joints (arthritis) is a defining feature of reactive arthritis, this condition can also be associated with inflammation in other parts of your body, such as your eyes (conjunctivitis), skin and the tube that carries urine away from your bladder (urethritis). Reiter's syndrome is a type of reactive arthritis that specifically refers to the classic triad of arthritis, conjunctivitis and urethritis. Not all people with reactive arthritis have the three conditions described by Hans Reiter in 1916. Coming into contact with bacteria and developing an infection can trigger reactive arthritis. Most cases take one of two forms, urogenital or gastrointestinal. If the triggering infection originates in the penis, vagina, bladder or urethra, it's called urogenital (genitourinary) ReA, or uroarthritis. If your infection is the result of something that you eat or handle, such as raw meat that's carrying bacteria, your condition is called gastrointestinal (enteric) ReA, or enteroarthritis.

29. Introduction: Reactive Arthritis - WrongDiagnosis.com Introduction to reactive arthritis as a medical condition including symptoms, diagnosis, misdiagnosis, treatment, prevention, and prognosis. http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/r/reactive_arthritis/intro.htm

Diseases IMPORTANT! Use of this site is subject to our and Home Symptoms Diseases Risks Search: We show you all these ads in order to provide this free site; give your feedback WrongDiagnosis TM Premium Report: Diabetes Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis Available Now! Condition Lists By Organ By Symptom By Class By Prevalence ... List A-Z Current chapter: Reactive arthritis Next sections Basic Summary for Reactive arthritis Types of Reactive arthritis Next chapters: Fibromyalgia Acute rheumatic fever Tendinitis Arthrogryposis ... Feedback Introduction: Reactive arthritis Reactive arthritis: Arthritis developing after a digestive, urinary or other infection. Reactive arthritis: This form of arthritis develops after an infection involving the lower urinary tract, bowel, or other organs. It is commonly associated with eye problems, skin rashes, and mouth sores. Reiter’s syndrome is an example of reactive arthritis. Contents for Reactive arthritis: Basic Summary for Reactive arthritis Types of Reactive arthritis Footnotes: 1. excerpt from

30. UAB Health System | Reactive Arthritis (Reiter's Syndrome) reactive arthritis (Reiter s Syndrome). What is reactive arthritis? reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter s syndrome, is a type http://www.health.uab.edu/show.asp?durki=60508

31. Diagnosing Reactive Arthritis Diagnosing reactive arthritis. How to classify and diagnose reactive arthritis is an area where there is less than total consensus. http://arthritis.about.com/library/weekly/aa102800a.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Arthritis Home Essentials zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Learn the Basics Medications/Supplements Arthritis by Anatomy Assistive Devices ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Arthritis newsletter. zau(256,152,100,'hs','http://z.about.com/5/ad/hs.htm?zIhsid=00',''); Search Arthritis Email to a friend Print this page Stay Current Subscribe to the About Arthritis newsletter. Elsewhere on the Web Reactive Arthritis Most Popular Gout Diet: Foods To Avoid Gout: Avoiding Purine-Rich Foods Recognize the Signs of Arthritis Gout Prevention and Treatment ... The Newest Arthritis Medications What's Hot Stop The Pain! Steps to Bone Health and Osteoporosis Prevention Assistive Devices For Arthritis Diet And Arthritis ... Arava Diagnosing Reactive Arthritis From Carol Eustice Your Guide to Arthritis Sign up for my Newsletter Experts Agree To Disagree On Criteria How to classify and diagnose Reactive Arthritis is an area where there is less than total consensus. The history of its nomenclature begins in 1916 when Hans Reiter described a young soldier who had symptoms of polyarthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis (known as the clinical triad), following bloody diarrhea. In Germany, the clinical triad became known as "Reiter's syndrome". In the United States, Reiter's syndrome (RS) has been used to describe other arthritides (the plural of arthritis) that did not possess all three features of the clinical triad. Over the past few decades the classification was broadened, and in 1969 the term "Reactive Arthritis" was introduced in place of "Reiter's syndrome".

32. PRODIGY PILS L555; (Version=23) reactive arthritis And Reiter s Syndrome. Other treatments are sometimes needed. What is reactive arthritis? Arthritis means inflammation of one or more joints. http://www.prodigy.nhs.uk/clinicalguidance/releasedguidance/webBrowser/pils/PL55

And Reiter's Syndrome ; (Version=18) Reactive Arthritis And Reiter's Syndrome Reactive arthritis means that you develop inflammation in joints when you have an infection in some other part of the body. Other symptoms usually develop in addition to the arthritis. Symptoms commonly last 3-6 months. In some cases the arthritis persists long-term. Anti-inflammatory medicines usually ease the pain. Other treatments are sometimes needed. What is reactive arthritis? Arthritis means inflammation of one or more joints. Reactive arthritis is caused when a joint 'reacts' to an infection elsewhere in the body. The infection which triggers reactive arthritis is not actually in the joint, but is usually in the gut or urethra. Understanding joints A joint is where two bones meet. Joints allow movement and flexibility of various parts of the body. The movement of the bones is cased by muscles which pull on tendons that are attached to bone. Cartilage covers the end of bones. Between the cartilage of two bones which form a joint there is a small amount of thick fluid called synovial fluid. This fluid 'lubricates' the joint which allows smooth movement between the bones. The synovial fluid is made by the synovium. This is the tissue that surrounds the joint. The outer part of the synovium is called the capsule. This is tough, gives the joint stability, and stops the bones from moving 'out of joint'. Surrounding ligaments and muscles also help to give support and stability to joints

33. Reactive Arthritis - OhioHealth reactive arthritis is an inflammatory condition that develops in response to an infection in another part of your body. reactive arthritis, Overview. http://www.ohiohealth.com/healthreference/reference/E19519D2-34BE-4321-A1A887F53

34. Mount Carmel reactive arthritis (Reiter s Syndrome). What is reactive arthritis? reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter s syndrome, is a type http://www.mountcarmelhealth.com/healthinfo/Adult/arthritis/reactive.shtml

Statistics Anatomy of a Joint About Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Diseases Diagnosing Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Diseases ... Health Info A-Z Reactive Arthritis (Reiter's Syndrome) What is reactive arthritis? Reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter's syndrome, is a type of arthritis that occurs as a reaction to an infection somewhere in the body. Most infections that cause the disease originate in the genitourinary tract (the bladder, urethra, penis, or vagina) and are spread through sexual intercourse, a form of the disease called genitourinary Reiter's syndrome, or urogenital Reiter's syndrome. Other infections that can cause reactive arthritis include gastrointestinal infections due to eating contaminated food or handling contaminated substances, a form of the disease called gastrointestinal Reiter's syndrome, or enteric Reiter's syndrome. Who is affected by reactive arthritis? Reactive arthritis is characterized by inflamed joints and affects mostly young men, between the ages of 20 and 40. Although researchers are not sure why some people develop reactive arthritis in response to certain infections, a genetic factor (presence of the HLA-B27 gene) seems to increase the risk. What causes reactive arthritis?

35. Other Common Types Of Arthritis, From Arthritis.com This site includes information on reactive arthritis. reactive arthritis. This site includes information on reactive arthritis. Knowledge is power. http://www.arthritis-resource.net/reactive-arthritis.htm

Personalize This Site Log In Glossary Site Map Search Go Have you been diagnosed with arthritis? Yes No About Arthritis What is Osteoarthritis? What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? Other ... Home About Arthritis Over 100 different disorders can be classified as arthritis. Some can affect one or more parts of a joint whereas others have their most significant effects on other parts of the body. More detailed information on these disorders is available at the Arthritis Foundation Web site. Listed here are some of the most common arthritic conditions: Ankylosing spondylitis Bursitis Fibromyalgia Gout ... Tendinitis (tendonitis) If you think that you or someone you know may have a rheumatic condition, see a doctor. Only a doctor can provide a diagnosis and prescribe treatments that may help relieve symptoms. Ankylosing spondylitis This condition primarily affects the spine, but it may also cause arthritis in the hips, shoulders, and knees. The tendons and ligaments around the bones and joints in the spine become inflamed. Symptoms include pain and stiffness, especially in the lower back. Ankylosing spondylitis tends to develop during late adolescence or early adulthood. The Spondylitis Association of America is a good source for more information on this condition.

36. REACTIVE ARTHRITIS reactive arthritis. Information about reactive arthritis from Surgery Door s Medical Conditions Section. reactive arthritis. What is reactive arthritis ? http://www.surgerydoor.co.uk/medical_conditions/Indices/R/reactive_arthritis.htm

A B C D ... W REACTIVE ARTHRITIS What is Reactive Arthritis ? How does Reactive Arthritis occur ? Reactive arthritis is started by an infection somewhere quite distant from the joint. This infection triggers the body's (immune) defence system so that it acts against its own tissues; in this case, the joint. This results in inflammation. The infection may be a sore throat, gastroenteritis or perhaps a chest infection. A sexually acquired urinary infection can result in other features as well (Reiter's syndrome). All infections may be quite mild and therefore be unrecognized. Why does Reactive Arthritis occur ? It is commonest in young men. It is found more frequently in people who have inherited the gene called HLA B27. This gene is present in 1 in 10 of the European population. The part played by infection or by this gene in triggering the immune system is still quite unknown. Treatment Involved for Reactive Arthritis During Treatment for Reactive Arthritis Reactive arthritis is usually very mild and doesn't last long (less than 3 months). Most people do not need to attend a hospital specialist. They simply need rest, physiotherapy and NSAIDs. NSAIDs are very safe drugs. However, they may cause indigestion, fluid accumulation (swollen ankles) or a rash. If you get any of these symptoms, please tell your doctor. If you suffer from peptic ulcers, you will not be prescribed NSAIDs as they may delay healing. Disease modifying drugs need supervision by the hospital with regular blood tests. They may affect the blood and bone marrow or cause ulcers or skin rash.

37. Surgery Door - Medical Conditions reactive arthritis And Reiter s Syndrome. Other treatments are sometimes needed. What is reactive arthritis? Arthritis means inflammation of one or more joints. http://www.surgerydoor.co.uk/medcons/detail.asp?Recno=23069227

38. Reactive Arthritis And Reiter's Syndrome - Patient UK reactive arthritis means that you develop inflammation in joints when you have an infection in some other part of the body. What is reactive arthritis? http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc.asp?doc=27000228

39. Johns Hopkins Arthritis Presents A Case Of Reactive Arthritis Lyme disease 3. Sepsis complicated by endocarditis, septic knees, and abscess of left calf 4. Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis 5. Systemic http://www.hopkins-arthritis.som.jhmi.edu/case/case2/2_case.html

by Eric Howell, M.D. *This case received 2nd place for Clinical Vignette at the May 1999 meeting of the American College of Physician Associates. Faculty Sponsor: Joan Bathon, M.D. History of Present Illness Physical Examination Laboratory Studies ... References History of Present Illness H.L. is a 46 year old Afro-American female, with a past medical history significant for hypothyroidism and beta-thalassemia, who was otherwise healthy until two weeks prior to admission . At that time she noted onset of a sore throat, malaise and low-grade fevers. Four days prior to admission, she experienced fever to 104 o F, chills, nausea and vomiting, and arthralgias and myalgias. She presented to the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Emergency Room. Past Medical History Chronic anemia due to beta-thalassemia Hyperthyroidism S/P 125I treatment with resulting hypothyroidism History of benign systolic ejection murmur for 15 years top of page Physical Examination The patient was noted to be ill-appearing. Vital signs: Temp 98.8F, pulse 102, resp 16, BP 100/70. Her exam revealed mild pharyngeal erythema but no exudate, shoddy anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, a 2/6 systolic ejection murmur that was non-radiating, and mild diffuse abdominal tenderness but no rebound. Joint exam revealed no swelling, erythema or warmth of any of the peripheral joints. No rashes or other cutaneous abnormalities were observed.

40. American Family Physician: What You Should Know About Reactive Arthritis You are Here Articles American Family Physician August, 1999 Article. What You Should Know About reactive arthritis. What is reactive arthritis? http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m3225/2_60/55391944/p1/article.jhtml

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN all publications this publication Health Automotive Business Computing Entertainment Health News Reference Sports YOU ARE HERE Articles American Family Physician August, 1999 Content provided in partnership with Print friendly Tell a friend Find subscription deals What You Should Know About Reactive Arthritis American Family Physician August, 1999 What is reactive arthritis? Reactive arthritis is an uncommon disease that can make your joints hurt and swell. It can also cause rash, fever, weight loss, heart problems, red eyes and blurry vision. Since pain in the joints is one of the most common symptoms, this condition is called reactive arthritis. It's "reactive" because your immune system is reacting to an infection you already had. Reactive arthritis is also called Reiter's (say: rite-erz) syndrome. Who gets reactive arthritis? Reactive arthritis is most common in men who are 20 to 40 years old. You might get it a few weeks after having food poisoning. You can also get it after having some kinds of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as gonorrhea, chlamydia or HIV infection. Most people who get reactive arthritis were born with a gene, called HLA-B27, that makes them more likely to get this kind of arthritis. How can my doctor tell I have reactive arthritis?

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