81. Medicare.gov - Flu And Pneumonia Information Contains links to fact sheets and other websites with information on Flu and pneumonia. Search Frequently Asked Questions. Health Information. Flu and pneumonia. http://www.medicare.gov/Health/Flu.asp

Search Frequently Asked Questions d Home Screen Reader Version ... Español The Official U.S. Government Site for People with Medicare Help Mailing List Zip Code Locator Questions ... Search Tools Health Information Flu and Pneumonia Fight Flu and Pneumonia: provides information on what the flu is, who, when, where, and why to get a flu shot, as well as what to do if you have the flu. Information about the 2002-2003 flu season The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) maintains up to date information on the treatment of flu and the availability of the flu vaccine. Printable-Version Overview General Information Cervical Cancer ... Department of Health and Human Services

82. CNN.com - World - Pinochet Undergoes Treatment At Chilean Hospital For Pneumonia CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/10/29/pinochet.hospitalized/index.html

world americas Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Pinochet undergoes treatment at Chilean hospital for pneumonia From staff and wire reports SANTIAGO, Chile

83. Pneumonia pneumonia. pneumonia. Lung disease and related diseases at ALA. pneumonia / epidemiology. WHO consensus document on the epidemiology of SARS. http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/detail/C0032285L0032285.html

low graphics Pneumonia Pneumonia Pneumonia / epidemiology broader: Lung Diseases Respiratory Tract Infections other: Bronchitis Common Cold Cystic Fibrosis Influenza ... Whooping Cough narrower: Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Lung disease and related diseases at ALA A collection of short documents describing lung diseases, aimed at the general public, including information on: Tuberculosis, Sarcoidosis, Pneumonia, Influenza (flu), Lung Cancer, Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, HIV/AIDS related opportunistic infection and A1AD Related Emphysema. Published on the Web by the American Lung Association. Tuberculosis Sarcoidosis Pneumonia Patient Education ... Pneumonia : the facts One in a series of leaflets aimed at the public and produced by the British Lung Foundation, a UK charity. This document provides information about pneumonia. It discusses who is most at risk, the symptoms, causes, and treatment. This 2 page document is in PDF, which requires Adobe Acrobat Reader. Pneumonia Patient Education Handout [Publication Type] Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia Published in March 2001, these guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are developed and published on the Web by the American Thoracic Society. Developed by a multidisciplinary group composed of pulmonary, critical care, general internal medicine, and infectious disease specialists, these guidelines include evidence-based recommendations for patient management and a summary of the available literature. This 25 page document is in PDF, which requires Adobe Acrobat Reader.

84. ADAP Drugs: Trimetrexate (Neutrexin) Has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of moderateto-severe PCP pneumonia in people with compromised immune systems.(Neutrexin) http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/neut.html

trimetrexate (Neutrexin) Drug description Trimetrexate has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of moderate-to-severe PCP pneumonia in people with compromised immune systems. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, commonly referred to as PCP, can affect the lungs as well as other parts of the body, including the skin and internal organs. People who are at the greatest risk of contracting this type of pneumonia are those who have less than 200 T4 cells. Symptoms of PCP include shortness of breath, dry cough, and fever. Trimetrexate is an alternative for people that can't take other approved treatments like TMP/SMX . It can also be used if the PCP pneumonia doesn't get better with the standard treatments. Due to very serious and potentially life-threatening side-effects of this drug, leucovorin must be co-administered for at least 72 hours after the last dose. Side effects Dosage Trimetrexate is usually given at a dose of 45 mg/m2 once daily by intravenous infusion over 60-90 minutes. Leucovorin must be given daily during trimetrexate treatment and for 72 hours afterward. Leucovorin may be given intravenously at a dose of 20 mg/m2 over 5-10 minutes every 6 hours or orally as 4 doses of 20 mg/m2 spaced evenly throughout the day. How long it may take to work The recommended course of therapy is 21 days of trimetrexate and 24 days of leucovorin.

85. Yet Another Reason To Put That Cigarette Down Cigarettes are the leading cause of an infection that can cause severe pneumonia or meningitis. http://my.webmd.com/content/article/22/1728_55546

WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Quizzes, Calculators Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map Medical News Archive Yet Another Reason to Put That Cigarette Down By Peggy Peck WebMD Medical News Archive March 8, 2000 (Cleveland) Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for cancer and heart disease, and a new study from the CDC reports that cigarettes are also the No. 1 cause of an infection that can cause severe pneumonia or meningitis. Cigarettes, the CDC researchers say, increase the risk of this infection by four times for smokers and more than double the risk to nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke. The study is reported in this week's issue of The New England Journal of Medicine. Pneumococcal infections are caused by a bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae. They are the leading cause of pneumonia in the U.S. "The more the person smokes, the greater the risk, both in terms of cigarettes per day and years smoking," says researcher Anne Schuchat, MD, chief of the CDC's Respiratory Disease Branch. The risk remains high for 10 years after a person quits, then drops to the risk of nonsmokers, she says. This is good news because it means "this is not a permanent effect of smoking," she says. The CDC estimates that if "the number of people who smoke [were reduced] by just 10%, we could prevent about 4,000 cases of invasive pneumococcal infections pneumonia, bacteremia [infection in the blood], or meningitis each year," Schuchat says.

86. Postgraduate Medicine: Patient Notes: Recognizing Pneumonia Recognizing pneumonia. VOL 103 / NO 4 / APRIL 1999 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE. pneumonia is an infection or inflammation of the smallest air passages in the lungs. http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1999/04_99/pn_pneumonia.htm

Patient Notes Recognizing pneumonia VOL 103 / NO 4 / APRIL 1999 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE Pneumonia is an infection or inflammation of the smallest air passages in the lungs. Infection can be caused by any of dozens of bacteria, viruses, and fungal organisms. Inflammation can result from inhaling dust, chemicals, food, or vomit. Pneumonia can be a very dangerous disease if it is not recognized and treated early. When you have pneumonia, the tiny air sacs in your lungs (alveoli) fill with pus and other liquid. Oxygen then can't reach your blood. If your blood contains too little oxygen, your body's cells can't work properly and you become ill. There are several different kinds of pneumonia, but bacterial, viral, and a less typical type called mycoplasmal pneumonia are the most common. The viruses and bacteria that cause pneumonia are contagious and are usually found in fluid from the mouth or nose of an infected person. Illness can spread through exposure to coughs and sneezes, shared drinking glasses and eating utensils, and used tissues or handkerchiefs. Bacterial pneumonia This is the most serious type of pneumonia and can attack anyonefrom infants to the very old. People with respiratory disease and weakened immune systems are at greatest risk.

87. Smokers At Higher Risk For Infections People who smoke cigarettes or breathe secondhand smoke are at a higher risk of pneumonia or meningitis. http://www.nurseweek.com/news/00-03/031300a.html

Home Articles Jobs Education ... Links Related links American Heart and Lung Association American Cancer Society Smokers at higher risk for infections Posted 3-13-2000 By Mary Ann Hellinghausen Atlanta . People who smoke cigarettes or breathe secondhand smoke are at a higher risk for contracting pneumonia, a bloodstream infection, or meningitis, according to a study by the national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The study, published in the March 9 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine , found that the risk of infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae , the virus that causes pneumonia, was four times higher for cigarette smokers and two-and-a-half times higher for those exposed to secondhand smoke. "This study documents yet another example of an adverse health event linked to active and passive smoking,’’ said Michael Eriksen, MD, director of the CDC’s Office on Smoking and Health. "Reducing the incidence of pneumococcal disease is yet another reason to continue to support public health programs to reduce smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke." Researchers worked with microbiology labs in Atlanta, Baltimore, and Toronto to identify all cases of invasive pneumococcal infection in adults ages 18 to 64 and selected a sample of patients for further study. Through telephone interviews with those patients and randomly selected healthy residents of the same age, the researchers discovered cigarette smoking was the strongest risk factor for pneumococcal infection in adults with normal immune systems.

88. HealthCentral - General Encyclopedia - Pneumonia General Health Encyclopedia, pneumonia. Alternative names bacterial pneumonia Definition An inflammation of the lungs caused by an infection. http://www.healthcentral.com/mhc/top/000145.cfm

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89. You Can Prevent PCP In Children - Divisions Of HIV/AIDS Prevention - HIV/AIDS Br Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic infection among children with HIV infection. This guide explains the causes and treatment of PCP in children, and how early diagnosis of HIV infection in pregnant women and children can prevent PCP. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/brochure/oi_pcpkidz.htm

National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention Brochures Home Index Search ... Subscribe PCP is the most serious infection among children with HIV. It can be fatal. PCP can be prevented and treated. TMP-SMX, also known as Bactrim, Septra, or Cotrim*, is the best medicine for preventing and treating PCP. Early diagnosis and treatment of HIV in pregnant women can help prevent HIV and PCP in their children. What is PCP? Pneumocystis carinii (NEW-mo-SIS-tis CA-RIN- nee-eye) pneumonia, or "PCP," is a severe illness that adults and children with HIV or AIDS may get. It is caused by a germ called Pneumocystis carinii. Most children infected with this germ don’t get pneumonia because their immune systems are normal. Children whose immune systems are badly damaged by HIV can get PCP. Children with HIV are less likely to get PCP today than in earlier years. However, PCP is still the most common serious infection among children with AIDS in the United States. How do I know if my child has PCP?

90. Bronchiolar Airway Disorders And Bronchiolitis Obliterans Return to Epler.com. Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing pneumonia. Gary R. Epler, MD. The pneumonia process has now become organized into the BOOP lesion. http://www.epler.com/boop1.html

Return to Epler.com Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia Gary R. Epler, M.D. Harvard Medical School Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Published in Archives of Internal Medicine. Volume 161 (2). Pages 158-164. January 22, 2001 Used with permission for this program at www.epler.com Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) was described in 1985 as a distinct entity, with different clinical, radiographic, and prognostic features than the airway disorder obliterative bronchiolitis and the interstitial fibrotic lung disorder usual interstitial pneumonia/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP/IPF). BOOP is characterized by polyploid endobronchial connective tissue masses composed of myxoid fibroblastic tissue resembling granulation tissue filling the lumens of terminal and respiratory bronchioles and extending in a continuous fashion into alveolar ducts and alveoli, representing an organizing pneumonia ( Figure 1 Other histological features include central clusters of mononuclear inflammatory cells possibly found in the intraluminal polyps (the polyps appear to float freely within a bronchiole or are focally attached to the wall), chronic inflammation in the walls of the surrounding alveoli with reactive type II cells, increased foamy macrophages in the alveoli, and preserved lung architecture.

91. Koch Leaves Hospital After Treatment For Pneumonia CNN http://cnn.com/2001/US/02/22/people.kochhospitalized.ap/index.html

92. Pneumonia - Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention home respiratory conditions pneumonia pneumonia. Atypical pneumonia Causes, symptoms, and treatments of this condition, also called walking pneumonia. http://www.healthcyclopedia.com/respiratory-conditions/pneumonia.html

Home Health cyclopedia All Topics by Category The Good Health Search Engine Health Conditions A-Z Gurus ... respiratory disorders > pneumonia Pneumonia Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention External links (marked with an arrow ) open in a new window. This site is a web directory and does not offer medical advice. We cannot take responsibility for information found on listed sites. This Page Medical Definition Health Portals Health News Web Directory: Medical Definition: University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Medical Dictionary: "pneumonia" Health Portals: MayoClinic.com Health News: Search millions of published articles for news on Pneumonia Modern Medicine Aging The Ardell Wellness Report HealthFacts Medical Post Medical Update Men's Health and the National Women's Health Report Note: Subscription required to access the full text of articles. Web Directory: Atypical Pneumonia Causes, symptoms, and treatments of this condition, also called walking pneumonia. Descriptions of the organisms that commonly cause it. Bacterial Pneumonia From the Centers for Disease Control, clinical data collected to discuss the particulars of this pneumonic variant. Centers of Disease Control and Prevention Issues, recommendations, appendices, tables and references related to the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia.

93. This Page Has Been Replaced From the Centers for Disease Control, clinical data collected to discuss the particulars of this pneumonic variant. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/pneumonia/1_bactpn.htm

Main Topics About DHQP Antimicrobial Resistance Bloodborne Pathogens ... Training The 1994 Pneumonia Guideline has been replaced by the Guidelines for Preventing Health-Care-Associated Pneumonia, 2003 Please update any links or bookmarks you may have. DHQP Home DHQP Index NCID Home CDC Home ... CDC Health Topics A-Z This page last reviewed March 25, 2004 This page developed and maintained by: Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Privacy Policy ... Accessibility

94. VOANews.com Slower business at hotels and restaurants is a bad sign for a city already struggling to climb out of a recession. Voice of America (VOA) http://www.voanews.com/article.cfm?objectID=A0292C81-12A6-4D52-8423812501002016

95. Pneumonia pneumonia. Definition. pneumonia is an infection of the lung that can be caused by nearly any class of organism known to cause human infections. http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/pneumonia.html

Encyclopedia Index P Home Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Index P Pneumonia Definition Pneumonia is an infection of the lung that can be caused by nearly any class of organism known to cause human infections. These include bacteria, amoebae, viruses, fungi, and parasites. In the United States, pneumonia is the sixth most common disease leading to death; 2 million Americans develop pneumonia each year, and 40,000-70,000 die from it. Pneumonia is also the most common fatal infection acquired by already hospitalized patients. In developing countries, pneumonia ties with diarrhea as the most common cause of death. Even in nonfatal cases, pneumonia is a significant economic burden on the health care system. One study estimates that people in the American workforce who develop pneumonia cost employers five times as much in health care as the average worker. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), however, the number of deaths from pneumonia in the United States has declined slightly since 2001. Description Anatomy of the lung To better understand pneumonia, it is important to understand the basic anatomic features of the respiratory system. The human respiratory system begins at the nose and mouth, where air is breathed in (inspired) and out (expired). The air tube extending from the nose is called the nasopharynx. The tube carrying air breathed in through the mouth is called the oropharynx. The nasopharynx and the oropharynx merge into the larynx. The oropharynx also carries swallowed substances, including food, water, and salivary secretion, which must pass into the esophagus and then the stomach. The larynx is protected by a trap door called the epiglottis. The epiglottis prevents substances that have been swallowed, as well as substances that have been regurgitated (thrown up), from heading down into the larynx and toward the lungs.

96. Postgraduate Medicine: Legionnaires' Disease And Pneumonia Research article on the disease. http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/2001/05_01/akbas.htm

Legionnaires' disease and pneumonia Beware the temptation to underestimate this "exotic" cause of infection Efsun Akbas, MD; Victor L. Yu, MD VOL 109 / NO 5 / MAY 2001 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To understand the clinical presentation, symptoms, and signs of legionnaires' disease To learn the latest antibiotic therapy for legionnaires' disease To be able to recognize the most useful laboratory tests for detecting and managing legionnaires' disease The author discloses no financial interests in this article. This page is best viewed with a browser that supports tables. Preview Akbas E, Yu V. Legionnaires' disease and pneumonia: beware the temptation to underestimate this "exotic" cause of infection. Postgrad Med 2001;109(5):135-47 L egionnaires' disease is commonly thought of as an exotic cause of bacterial pneumonia. It was first recognized during an outbreak of pneumonia involving delegates attending the American Legion Convention at a Philadelphia hotel in 1976. Numerous outbreaks since then have been well publicized in the lay media, but it is less well known that legionnaires' disease is a relatively common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. In numerous prospective studies (1,2)

97. Pneumocystis Pneumonia Pneumocystis pneumonia. Definition. Pneumocystis understood. The complete name of the disease is Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, often shortened to PCP. http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/pneumocystis_pneumonia.html

Encyclopedia Index P Home Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Index P Pneumocystis pneumonia Definition Pneumocystis pneumonia is a lung infection that occurs primarily in people with weakened immune systemsespecially people who are HIV-positive. The disease agent is an organism whose biological classification is still uncertain. Pneumocystis carinii was originally thought to be a one-celled organism (a protozoan), but more recent research suggests that it is a fungus. Although its life cycle is known to have three stages, its method of reproduction is not yet completely understood. The complete name of the disease is Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, often shortened to PCP. PCP is also sometimes called pneumocystosis. Description Pneumonia as a general term refers to a severe lung inflammation. In pneumocystis pneumonia, this inflammation is caused by the growth of Pneumocystis carinii , a fungus-like organism that is widespread in the environment. PCP is ordinarily a rare disease, affecting only people with weakened immune systems. Many of these people are patients receiving drugs for organ transplants or cancer treatment. With the rising incidence of

98. CNN.com - No Answers Yet On Mystery Pneumonia - Mar. 16, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/03/16/mystery.disease/index.html

The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-Mail Services CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com No answers yet on mystery pneumonia A woman puts a mask on a boy in the emergency ward of a hospital in Hong Kong, where a new, deadly strain of pneumonia has been diagnosed. Story Tools HEALTH WARNING The World Health Organization alerts travelers to be aware of the symptoms, which include: People presenting after February 1 with a history of fever greater than 38 C (100.4 F) and one or more respiratory symptoms including cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing and one or more of the following: Close contact with a person who has been diagnosed with SARS. Close contact means having cared for, having lived with, or having had direct contact with respiratory secretions and body fluids of a person with SARS. Recent history of travel to areas reporting cases of SARS. Probable cases are defined as: A person with chest x-ray findings of pneumonia or Respiratory Distress Syndrome or A person with an unexplained respiratory illness resulting in death, with an autopsy examination demonstrating the pathology of Respiratory Distress Syndrome without an identifiable cause. ATLANTA, Georgia (CNN)

99. New Scientist The World s No.1 Science Technology News Service. Virus causing deadly pneumonia revealed. Related Stories. Killer pneumonia likely to be new bug 18 March 2003. http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99993517

100. Pneumonia http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/ucdhs/health/a-z/64pneuomnia/

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