41. Environmental Tobacco Smoke Effects of secondhand smoke on children and adults asthma attacks, lower respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia; buildup of fluid in the middle ear; upper respiratory tract irritation; lung cancer. http://www.epa.gov/ncea/smoking.htm

42. Walking (a) Pneumonia Walking (a) pneumonia. Background. The lungs have two major components that are crucial to the respiration process The “walking pneumonia”. http://www.co.broward.fl.us/mei00249.htm

Walking (a) Pneumonia Background The lungs have two major components that are crucial to the respiration process: Air conducting tubular passages (the bronchi and their branching smaller bronchioles.) The air exchange microscopic chambers (the alveoli) The respiratory gases , oxygen and carbon dioxyde (the latter being the waste product of breathing) are exchanged back and forth, between the air in the alveoli and the blood circulating within the minute blood vessels present in the ultra-thin walls of the air chambers. It clearly follows that normal respiration requires not only free passage of air into the air-chambers but also thin, unencumbered alveolar walls that can permit easy diffusion of the respiratory gases in and out of the circulating blood in the lungs. The pneumonias Pneumonias are infections of the lungs, in which the offending organism (i.e. bacteria, viruses, molds or other micro-organisms) trigger a substantial defense response. This defensive response , called inflammation, mobilizes to the infected organ , millions of microscopic fighters ( white blood cells) that attack and actually swallow the foreign invaders. The trouble is that like in real wars, even friendly armies can create problems, and in the case of the pulmonary infections, the inflammatory cells may either:

43. Serious Pneumonia Source Found In 4 U.S. Troops CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/09/04/soldier.illness.ap/index.html

44. CDC/NCHSTP-Division Of HIV/AIDS Prevention CDCOpportunistic Infection Series, covering Cryptosporidiosis, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasmosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and opportunistic infections from handling pets or other animals. http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/hiv_aids/pubs/brochure.htm

The Internet address for this web page at the CDC has changed. Please update your bookmarks. In about 5 seconds you will be redirected to the new Internet address, or click here http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/brochure.htm

45. Medstudents - Pneumology - Pneumonia Overview General considerations about pneumonia , giving importance to prevalent agents in different groups of patients. Pneumology. pneumonia Overview. Introduction. http://www.medstudents.com.br/pneumo/pneumo6/pneumo6.htm

Pneumology Medstudents' Homepage Pneumonia Overview Introduction Notwithstanding the availability of potent antimicrobial drugs, pneumonia is still a major health problem. It is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that can be caused by a virus, bacteria or mycoplasma and is characteristically accompanied by cough, sputum production, fever, chills and pleuritic chest pain, all of which may be preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection. Physical examination reveals signs of consolidation of the lung parenchyma (increase tactile and vocal fremitus, bronchophony, egophony, bronchial breath sounds, fine rales over the consolidated area). Often there is also an associated pleural effusion, that can produce opposed features in physical examination (distant-to-absent breath sounds, pleural friction rubs which may fade as effusion becomes outstanding, decreased fremitus and flatness to percussion). These signs are most recurrently found with bacterial pneumonia, whereas viral and mycoplasma pneumonias present with very few signs (often, only rales are heard). Pathogenesis 1-aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions and associated bacterial flora;

46. BBC NEWS | Health | Zinc 'boosts Pneumonia Recovery' Young children with severe pneumonia may benefit from taking zinc, a study suggests. Zinc boosts pneumonia recovery . A course of zinc costs just 15 US cents. http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/click/rss/0.91/public/-/1/hi/health/3732867.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Programmes Last Updated: Thursday, 20 May, 2004, 23:18 GMT 00:18 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version Zinc 'boosts pneumonia recovery' A course of zinc costs just 15 US cents Young children with severe pneumonia may benefit from taking zinc supplements, a study suggests. Doctors in Bangladesh say it can help children to recover more quickly from the disease. Pneumonia kills more children than any other disease, almost all of them in developing countries. Writing in The Lancet, doctors from the Centre for Health and Population Research and Bloomberg School of Public Health at the Johns Hopkins University said giving children zinc could help save many lives. Pneumonia often affects children with low birth weight or those whose immune systems are weakened by malnutrition or other diseases. It kills two million children each year. The cost savings could be substantial Researchers As part of this study, 270 infants between the ages of two and 23 months were given either 20mg of zinc per day or a dummy pill in addition to conventional antibiotics. Faster recovery They found that children given zinc recovered an average of one day earlier than those who had been given dummy pills. They also left hospital one day earlier, on average.

47. CNN.com - LG's Pneumonia Drug On Track - Mar. 4, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/BUSINESS/asia/03/04/health.antibiotic.LG.reut/index.html

The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-Mail Services CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com LG's pneumonia drug on track Story Tools GAITHERSBURG, United States (Reuters) U.S. advisers have backed a new antibiotic developed by South Korea's LG Life Sciences called Factive for treating a common type of pneumonia and flare-ups of chronic bacterial bronchitis. The recommendation now goes to the Food and Drug Administration, which usually follows its panels' advice. LG Life Sciences has licensed North American and European rights to privately-held GeneSoft Pharmaceuticals Inc. The FDA advisory panel voted 18-0, with one abstention, for approval for the community-acquired pneumonia indication, and 15-3, with one abstention, for approval for the bronchitis indication. Community-acquired pneumonia is defined as pneumonia acquired outside a hospital or nursing home setting. Earlier rejection The companies also sought approval for the indication for pneumonia resistant to current antibiotics. Panelists did not vote formally on that request, but a majority said Factive should get that claim. "I think it's very important to get this drug on the market," said panelist and Annandale, Virginia-based infectious disease specialist Donald Poretz, citing the need for more antibiotics that can defeat drug-resistant bacterial strains.

48. BBC NEWS | Health | Q&A: Sars In some cases of Sars pneumonia has developed, with patients finding it very hard to breathe some have required artificial ventilation in hospital. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2856735.stm

News Sport Weather World Service ... Programmes Last Updated: Monday, 5 January, 2004, 08:46 GMT E-mail this to a friend Printable version Corona virus: The likely cause Sars is a serious respiratory virus, which killed nearly 800 people worldwide in the months following its emergence in November 2002. The World Health Organization announced that the outbreak had been contained in the following July. However, experts predict the virus will continue to pose a threat - and warn that health authorities need to be ever vigilant for its return. When is Sars likely to pose the biggest threat? Scientists predict that the virus which causes Sars is likely to re-emerge in cold weather, in a similar fashion to the viruses which cause flu. However, they have stressed that the number of cases is unlikely to be on the scale of the 2002/03 outbreak. What are the dangers of Sars spreading? The best way to stop the spread of Sars is to isolate people with the virus and those thought to have been in contact with them. In this case, officials have quarantined 25 people who have been in contact with the patient.

49. CNN - Eunice Kennedy Shriver Hospitalized With Pneumonia - December 24, 1999 CNN http://www.cnn.com/1999/US/12/24/eunice.shriver.01/index.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive] MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. LOCAL ... daily almanac MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Eunice Kennedy Shriver hospitalized with pneumonia Eunice Shriver December 24, 1999 Web posted at: 2:12 p.m. EST (1912 GMT) From CNN's Jonathan Karl WASHINGTON (CNN) A spokesman for Sen. Edward Kennedy, D-Massachusetts, says Eunice Kennedy Shriver was admitted to the UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles late Thursday night to be treated for pneumonia. His spokesman says the senator spoke to his sister on the telephone Friday. Kennedy says Shriver is in "good spirits" and that her condition is this not life-threatening. Shriver, 78, the wife of Sargent Shriver, organized the first Special Olympics for handicapped athletes in 1968. She also ran the Joseph Kennedy foundation, which funds research to prevent mental retardation and works to improve the lives of the mentally disabled.

50. Pneumonia  Project Description .......Acute Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, pneumonia, Surgical Infection Prevention, Adult Immunizations, Breast Cancer, Diabetes, pneumonia Project http://www.medqic.org/pneumonia/

Home Pneumonia Project Description Downloadable PDF Version ( Topic Specific All Topics Next Pneumonia and influenza cause substantial morbidity and mortality for Medicare patients. This project focuses on changing processes of care to improve outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. An additional objective is to increase rates of inpatient vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal disease. Click here to read more about the project and its quality measures. Link to topic specific resources on the left. Link to process-of-care steps and quality measures below. Quality Measures Show Measures Process-of-care Steps Show Steps Advanced Search Log-In: E-mail: Password: Why Register? Register here! Forgot Password? Tools Help ... Home

51. CNN - George Jones Develops Pneumonia, Placed Back On Ventilator - March 12, 199 CNN http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9903/12/george.jones/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD ASIANOW U.S. ... news quiz CNN WEB SITES: TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW MORE SERVICES: video on demand video archive audio on demand news email services ... pagenet DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback SITE GUIDES: help contents search FASTER ACCESS: europe japan WEB SERVICES: George Jones develops pneumonia, placed back on ventilator March 12, 1999 Web posted at: 9:17 p.m. EST (0217 GMT) NASHVILLE, Tennessee (CNN) Country music legend George Jones has developed pneumonia and has been placed back on a ventilator as a result of critical injuries suffered in an auto wreck last weekend, a hospital spokesman told CNN. Jones, 67, remains in critical but stable condition at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Doctors detected the pneumonia Friday morning, placed him on the ventilator to help him breathe and gave him medication to treat the pneumonia, hospital spokesman Matt Scanlan told CNN. "He is responding well to the drugs," Scanlan said. A fluid build-up in Jones' lungs is not life threatening, he said. Jones suffered a collapsed lung and a lacerated liver when his sport-utility vehicle hit a bridge abutment near his home Saturday in Franklin, a suburb of Nashville. It took two hours for rescuers to free him from the vehicle and he was then airlifted to the hospital, where he was placed on life support.

52. Pneumonia: New Prediction Model Proves Promising pneumonia New Prediction Model Proves Promising. Research Findings for Clinicians. Overview. A new pneumonia Study Publications. A partial http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/pneuclin.htm

Pneumonia: New Prediction Model Proves Promising Research Findings for Clinicians Overview A new clinical prediction model can help clinicians determine the most appropriate care for newly diagnosed cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The model recently was announced by a team of researchers supported through a grant from the Federal Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR). The model stratifies patients into risk categories based on their medical history, physical examination findings, and a limited set of laboratory and radiographic results. This is a major breakthrough, since the factors used to predict risk are clearly defined and can be readily assessed at the time of patient presentation. The model also predicts other important medical outcomes, such as length of hospitalization, admission to an intensive care unit for respiratory failure or hemodynamic compromise, and time to usual activities. About 600,000 of the 4 million Americans who develop CAP each year are hospitalized. Because of a lack of evidence-based admission criteria and the tendency to overestimate the risk of death, many low-risk patients who could just as safely be treated as outpatients are instead admitted for more costly inpatient care. The investigators made projections from a prospective cohort study of 2,287 CAP patients in Pittsburgh, Boston, and Halifax, Nova Scotia. They suggest that if the model had been used, 26-31 percent of the patients who were hospitalized for care could have been treated safely as outpatients, and an additional 13-19 percent could have been hospitalized only briefly for observation. The investigators validated the model for accuracy and general applicability with data on over 50,000 CAP patients in 275 U.S. and Canadian hospitals.

53. CNN.com - Dr. Sanjay Gupta: Pneumonia More Serious In Older Patients - August 30 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/08/30/gupta.otsc/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Dr. Sanjay Gupta: Pneumonia more serious in older patients 98-year old comedian Bob Hope is responding well to treatment for pneumonia and could be released from the hospital "in a few days," his doctor said Wednesday. CNN Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta joined Leon Harris to discuss the impact of Hope's age on his illness. LEON HARRIS: All right, let's get right to it. How does age factor into this? DR. SANJAY GUPTA: Right. Exactly, it's to say what might be a mild infection in you or me, Leon, could be a very serious infection in someone like Bob Hope. The specifics are that when you get older a few changes take place in your body. One is that it's harder for you to fight infections. Your immune systems don't work as well. Your heart may not work as well, and as you know, your heart pumps blood from your lungs to the rest of your body. So, fluid might actually build up in your lungs. That can be a place where infection can start. MORE STORIES Bob Hope hospitalized for pneumonia Finally, you may not cough as well. You don't have enough strength in your upper chest and stuff like that. I always tell my parents, in addition to working out the lower body, make sure to work out the upper body as well so you don't run into that problem.

54. Radiological Patterns Of Pneumonia Lobar pneumonia. Bronchopneumonia. Necrotizing pneumonia. Segmental pneumonia. Round pneumonia. Diffuse Alveolar pneumonia. http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/medicine/pulmonar/cxr/pneum.htm

Lobar Pneumonia Bronchopneumonia Necrotizing Pneumonia Segmental Pneumonia Lobar Pneumonia Bronchopneumonia Necrotizing Pneumonia Segmental Pneumonia ... Radiation port

55. CNN - Hustler's Flynt Hospitalized With Pneumonia - January 15, 1999 CNN http://www.cnn.com/US/9901/15/flynt.sick/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD ASIANOW U.S. ... news quiz CNN WEB SITES: TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW MORE SERVICES: video on demand video archive audio on demand news email services ... pagenet DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback SITE GUIDES: help contents search FASTER ACCESS: europe japan WEB SERVICES: Hustler's Flynt hospitalized with pneumonia Flynt In this story: Pornography trial postponed Barr denied any wrongdoing Related stories and sites LOS ANGELES (CNN) Hustler magazine publisher Larry Flynt, whose paying for information about the private lives of politicians sparked national controversy, was hospitalized with pneumonia after winning a conditional delay in a pornography trial because of planned surgery. Flynt was admitted to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on Wednesday after X-rays showed the pneumonia, said one of his lawyers, Alan Isaacman. A spokesman for the hospital said he had been instructed not to release any information about Flynt. But a spokesman for the publisher said on Thursday he was "doing fine. His prognosis is excellent." "He came down with some bronchial problems that they thought was the flu, and had an X-ray and it turned out it was pneumonia in both lungs," Isaacman said. "I think they're just treating him with antibiotics."

56. Loyola Univ. Health Univ. Health Sys- Microbiology & Immunology:  GRAM STAIN, S 8. Sputum smear Staphylococcus Streptococcus pneumoniae. http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/DeptWebs/microbio/med/gram/slides/slide8.htm

8. Sputum smear Web Master: William Birch Last Reviewed: February 10, 2004 Created: March 28, 1996 Terms and Conditions Privacy Policy

57. Childhood Pneumonia Vaccine May Also Protect Adults CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/conditions/05/01/flu.vaccine.reut/index.html

58. Discovery Health Pneumonia pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by many different microorganisms. pneumonia. By Danielle Zerr, MD. Images (click to view larger image). http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/365.html

59. Postgraduate Medicine: Pneumonia Symposium Introduction Communityacquired pneumonia at the end of the 20th century. In fact, the designation atypical pneumonia has no useful meaning and should be abandoned. http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1999/04_99/symp_int.htm

Community-acquired pneumonia at the end of the 20th century A three-article symposium Symposium coordinator George A. Sarosi, MD Chief, Medical Service Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center Professor of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis VOL 105 / NO 4 / APRIL 1999 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA AT THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY : Introduction to a three-article symposium by George A. Sarosi, MD MANAGING COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA : Factors to consider in outpatient care by Mark O. Farber, MD SEVERE PNEUMONIA : When and why to hospitalize by Richard B. Kohler, MD 'ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA' : Why this term may be better left unsaid by George A. Sarosi, MD Each year, close to 4 million episodes of community-acquired pneumonia occur in the United States, about 500,000 of them necessitating hospitalization. In the vast majority of cases, patients are seen initially by a primary care physician in an office setting, an urgent-care facility, or an emergency department. When evaluating a patient who has a lower respiratory tract infection, the first question a physician asks himself or herself is whether the patient has pneumonia. This question cannot be answered adequately without a chest radiograph; physical examination simply is not sensitive enough to detect the difference between pneumonia and an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

60. CNN.com - Elizabeth Taylor Leaves Los Angeles Hospital - August 9, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/SHOWBIZ/Movies/08/09/people.taylor.reut/index.html

entertainment > movies News Lists More Editions myCNN Video Audio ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web ENTERTAINMENT TOP STORIES MORE TOP STORIES More than 11,000 killed in India quake Mideast negotiators want to continue talks after Israeli elections MORE BUSINESS ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Elizabeth Taylor leaves Los Angeles hospital LOS ANGELES (Reuters) Actress Elizabeth Taylor was released Wednesday from the hospital where she spent six days being treated for a mild case of pneumonia, her spokesman Said. Taylor, 68, was admitted Friday to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center near Beverly Hills and was discharged Wednesday afternoon, spokesman Warren Co wan said.

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