1. MedlinePlus: Pneumonia Topics. pneumonia. Printerfriendly version, E-mail this page to a friend. Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on • pneumonia. You http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pneumonia.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Pneumonia Contents of this page: News From the NIH General/Overviews Diagnosis/Symptoms ... Seniors Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Pneumonia You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Legionnaires' Disease Pneumocystis Carinii Infections Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Infections ... Lungs and Breathing Latest News Zinc Helps in Recovery from Pneumonia (05/20/2004, United Press International) Pneumonia's Racial Disparity Cut by Vaccine (05/12/2004, Reuters Health) From the National Institutes of Health Pneumococcal Pneumonia (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) General/Overviews Pneumonia (American Lung Association) Also available in: Spanish Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Pneumonia (National Institutes of Health) Diagnosis/Symptoms Cough (American Academy of Family Physicians) Radiography Chest (Chest X-ray) (American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) Disease Management JAMA Patient Page: Assisted Breathing (American Medical Association) Prevention/Screening Current Vaccine Delays and Shortages (National Immunization Program) Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: What You Need to Know (National Immunization Program) - Links to PDF File Pneumonia Prevention: It's Worth a Shot (National Institute on Aging) Research Cost-Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccine for People 50 through 64 Years of Age (American College of Physicians)

2. Pneumonia pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by different types of germs, most commonly viruses. This article of pneumonia. http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/pneumonia.html

KidsHealth Parents Infections Signs and Symptoms: Pneumonia is a general term that refers to an infection of the lungs, which can be caused by a variety of microorganisms , including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Often pneumonia begins after an upper respiratory tract infection (an infection of the nose and throat). When this happens, symptoms of pneumonia begin after 2 or 3 days of a cold or sore throat. Symptoms of pneumonia vary, depending on the age of the child and the cause of the pneumonia. Some common symptoms include: fever chills cough unusually rapid breathing breathing with grunting or wheezing sounds labored breathing that makes a child's rib muscles retract (when muscles under the rib cage or between ribs draw inward with each breath) vomiting chest pain abdominal pain decreased activity loss of appetite (in older children) or poor feeding (in infants) in extreme cases, bluish or gray color of the lips and fingernails Sometimes a child's only symptom is rapid breathing. Sometimes when the pneumonia is in the lower part of the lungs near the abdomen, there may be no breathing problems at all, but there may be fever and abdominal pain or vomiting. When pneumonia is caused by bacteria, an infected child usually becomes sick relatively quickly and experiences the sudden onset of high fever and unusually rapid breathing. When pneumonia is caused by viruses, symptoms tend to appear more gradually and are often less severe than in bacterial pneumonia. Wheezing may be more common in viral pneumonia.

3. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pneumonia pneumonia. Alternative names Return to top. Pneumonitis; Bronchopneumonia; Communityacquired pneumonia Definition Return to top. pneumonia http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000145.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Pneumonia Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Pneumococci organism Lungs Pneumonia White nail syndrome ... Respiratory system Alternative names Return to top Pneumonitis; Bronchopneumonia; Community-acquired pneumonia Definition Return to top Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by an infection. Many different organisms can cause it, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Pneumonia is a common illness that affects millions of people each year in the United States. Pneumonia can range from mild to severe, even fatal. The severity depends on the type of organism causing pneumonia as well as your age and underlying health. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Bacterial pneumonias tend to be the most serious and, in adults, the most common cause, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).

4. Atypical Pneumonia Admission statistics, ways for the public to reduce their chances of contracting respiratory illnesses, and details of steps taken by the government to contain the illness. From the Hong Kong Department of Health. http://www.info.gov.hk/dh/ap.htm

5. Atypical Pneumonia - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Radiological and CT features of SARS, with many sample images. From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital. http://www.droid.cuhk.edu.hk/web/atypical_pneumonia/atypical_pneumonia.htm

Radiological Appearances of Recent Cases of Atypical Pneumonia in Hong Kong ENGLISH RUSSIAN Prepared by Drs. Anil T. Ahuja Jeffrey K. T. Wong Maintained by Drs. James F. Griffith Gregory E. Antonio This webpage was first set up on the 21st March, 2003. Page Hits: 386568 / Updated on Monday, 01-Mar-2004 09:23:47 HKT (This web-page will be continually update during the current crisis.) INTRODUCTION IMAGING FINDINGS IN SARS CXR WITH CORRESPONDING HRCT PROGRESS CXR ... FAQs Message to our visitors 5th June 2003 We would like to thank you for your support of our webpage during the SARS crisis. We hope that we have provided some service to our medical fraternity and the world community as a whole. The SARS crisis in Hong Kong appears to be settling down, mirroring the situation in other regions. We think now would be an appropriate time to wind down operations for our SARS webpage. The webpage will still be kept online but updates will be less frequent unless there are important new developments. We would like to thank our support staff for the great work they have done and the personal sacrifices they have made to get this SARS website up and running at such short notice. We would also like to thank the numerous visitors who have given us very valuable feed back to help us improve our website. The contributors to our image gallery deserve special mention as they have given this webpage an international perspective and have shown the camaraderie within the medical profession. Last but not least, we would like to thank our colleagues from all over the world who have approached us to use our images for presentations and education on SARS. We may not have seen the last of this terrible disease and our only defense against it is preventing or limiting its spread by education

6. Ovine Progressive Pneumonia In Sheep Provides information on ovine progressive pneumonia, a common disease in sheep. Covers prevalence, transmission, clinical signs, diagnosis, and control and eradication of the disease. Includes color photos showing infected lungs and microscopic crosssections of lungs. For sheep http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/livestocksystems/DI5750.html

FO-05750 1993 To Order Ovine Progressive Pneumonia in Sheep Cynthia B. Wolf General Ovine progressive pneumonia is a viral disease of sheep in North America. Common synonyms for this disease are progressive pneumonia and OPP. The OPP virus closely resembles Maedi-Visna, which is a similar slow virus (retrovirus) found in other parts of the world. The OPP virus can cause disease with any of the following signs: severe and progressive weight loss, labored breathing or pneumonia, paralysis, swollen joints associated with lameness, and palpably hard, unproductive udders. However, most infected sheep never show clinical signs of disease. Once a sheep is infected with the virus, that animal stays infected for its lifetime and serves as a carrier even in the presence of high levels of circulating antibodies. Unlike some viral diseases, the presence of antibodies is not indicative of immunity. Figure 1. OPP-affected lung showing enlarged size and meaty texture.

7. The Body: Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia Information resources on this common AIDSrelated infection and its treatment from TheBody.com. http://www.thebody.com/treat/pcp.html

Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia (PCP) The Basics Treatment News Research ... Archive The Basics Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) (December 8, 2003) To read PDF, click here From New Mexico AIDS InfoNet Preventing PCP (May 31, 2001) A Simple Facts Sheet from the AIDS Treatment Data Network Update: Stopping PCP Prophylaxis (October 1999) From HIV Newsline You Can Prevent PCP in Children: A Guide for People With HIV Infection (July 1999) From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hold the Bactrim (April 1999) Stopping PCP prophylaxis after suppressing HIV From Gay Men's Health Crisis OI Update: Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (June 1998) From HIV Newsline PCP ( Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia) Prevention Fact Sheet (January 1998) From Project Inform Staying Well (Summer 1997) Women and PCP From Women Alive PCP Forgotten But Not Gone (January 1997) From Women Alive Pneumonia The Basic Facts From American Lung Association Treatment Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX, Bactrim, Septra) Fact Sheet (May 22, 2003) To read PDF, click here From New Mexico AIDS InfoNet Dapsone (Avlosulfon) Fact Sheet (May 8, 2002)

8. MayoClinic.com - Pneumonia A description of the disease plus complications, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. http://www.mayoclinic.com/home?id=5.1.1.16.8

9. Pneumonia pneumonia is an infection in the lungs that kids sometimes get. Keep reading to learn about pneumonia, what causes it, and more. What Is pneumonia? http://kidshealth.org/kid/ill_injure/sick/pneumonia.html

KidsHealth Kids I Feel Sick! You're out in the rain, jumping around in puddles - and somebody yells, "Get inside before you catch pneumonia!" Or maybe your grandmother has said, "Get out of your wet clothes - you don't want to get pneumonia!" But what is pneumonia? And can you really catch it from splashing in a rain puddle or hanging out in a soaking-wet sweatshirt? Keep reading to learn about pneumonia, what causes it, and more. What Is Pneumonia? Pneumonia (say: new- mo -nya) is an infection of one or both lungs . To know what that means, you have to know something about lungs and what they do. When you breathe in, air rich with oxygen is pulled into your lungs. Healthy, normal lungs allow the oxygen you breathe in to pass through the air chambers of the lung called alveoli (say: al- vee -oh-lie) and into the blood. The oxygen then travels in the red blood cells to all parts of the body. When you have pneumonia, fluid blocks the alveoli in your lungs. This makes it harder for oxygen to enter the lungs and pass through to the blood Pneumonia can happen to people at any age, from tiny babies to older people. Most people with pneumonia will feel sick. They usually have faster breathing than usual - or difficulty breathing - and may also have chest pain and

10. Pneumonia, Disease Information, NCID, CDC Infectious Disease Information. pneumonia. Chlamydia pneumoniae. Technical information Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. General, technical and additional information http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/submenus/sub_pneumonia.htm

Infectious Disease Information Contents Infectious Diseases Information Index Useful Sites Infectious Disease Information Pneumonia Chlamydia pneumoniae Technical information Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Disease Technical and additional information Haemophilus influenzae Serotype b (Hib) Disease Technical and additional information Haemophilus influenzae Type B PDF (1.4 MB). Vaccination "Pink Book" information. From National Immunization Program Human Parainfluenza Viruses Technical fact sheet Mycoplasma pneumoniae Technical and additional information Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia General, technical and additional information Pneumonia Among Children in Developing Countries Technical and additional information Streptococcus pneumoniae Disease Technical and additional information You Can Prevent PCP in Children: A Guide for People with HIV Infection Brochure. From the National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention Selected prevention and program area home pages Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases National Immunization Program Outside NCID site Top of Page NCID Home Disease Information NCID Organization ... Health Topics A-Z This page last reviewed September 26, 2003

11. Pneumonia pneumonia. June 2001. WHAT IS pneumonia? pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung caused by infection with bacteria, viruses, and other organisms. http://www.reutershealth.com/wellconnected/doc64.html

Pneumonia June 2001 WHAT IS PNEUMONIA? Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung caused by infection with bacteria, viruses, and other organisms. Pneumonia is usually triggered when a patient's defense system is weakened, most often by a simple viral upper respiratory tract infection or a case of influenza. Such infections or other triggers do not cause pneumonia directly but they alter the mucous blanket, thus encouraging bacterial growth. Other factors can also make specific people susceptible to bacterial growth and pneumonia. Defining Pneumonia by Locations in the Lung Pneumonia is sometimes defined in one of two ways according to its distribution in the lung: Lobar Pneumonia (occurs in one lobe of the lung). Bronchopneumonia (tends to be patchy). [For a description of the lung , see Box The Lungs. Defining Pneumonia by Origin of Infection Pneumonia is often classified into two categories that may help predict the organisms that are the most likely culprits. Community-acquired (pneumonia contracted outside the hospital). Pneumonia in this setting often follows a viral respiratory infection. It affects nearly 4 million adults each year. It is likely to be caused by

12. EMedicine - Hospital-Acquired Infections : Article By Quoc V Nguyen, MD Physician reports on the viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens likely to cause nosocomial infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection, colitis, and candidiasis. Includes medical care and prevention tips. http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1619.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Hospital-Acquired Infections Last Updated: October 22, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: nosocomial infection, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus, VRE, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Pseudomonas, candidiasis, Legionella, respiratory syncytial virus, thrush, Clostridium difficile AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 9 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Quoc V Nguyen, MD , Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Syracuse Quoc V Nguyen, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Immunologists Editor(s): David Jaimovich, MD , Section Chief, Division of Critical Care, Hope Children's Hospital, Assistant Professor Pediatrics, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago; Robert Konop, PharmD

13. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 6, Ch. 73, Pneumonia This Publication Is Searchable. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Section 6. Pulmonary Disorders. General Pneumococcal pneumonia. Staphylococcal pneumonia. Streptococcal pneumonia. pneumonia Caused By GramNegative Bacilli pneumonia (pneumonitis) may affect an entire lobe (lobar pneumonia), a segment of a lobe (segmental or http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section6/chapter73/73a.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 6. Pulmonary Disorders Chapter 73. Pneumonia Topics [General] Pneumococcal Pneumonia Staphylococcal Pneumonia Streptococcal Pneumonia ... Aspiration Pneumonia [General] Pneumonia: An acute infection of lung parenchyma including alveolar spaces and interstitial tissue. Pneumonia (pneumonitis) may affect an entire lobe (lobar pneumonia), a segment of a lobe (segmental or lobular pneumonia), alveoli contiguous to bronchi (bronchopneumonia), or interstitial tissue (interstitial pneumonia). These distinctions are generally based on x-ray observations. (See also discussions of tularemic pneumonia under Tularemia and pneumonic plague under Plague in Ch. 157 and rickettsial pneumonia under Q Fever in Ch. 159; pneumonias in newborns are discussed in Neonatal Pneumonia in Ch. 260.) Etiology and Epidemiology In the USA, about 2 million people develop pneumonia each year and 40,000 to 70,000 die; it ranks sixth among all disease categories as a cause of death and is the most common lethal nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection. In developing countries, lower respiratory tract infections are usually the major cause of death, or they rank second only to infectious diarrhea. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common. Other pathogens include anaerobic bacteria

14. Pneumonia Prezintă tipurile de pneumonie, simptomele bolii, tratamentul şi metodele de prevenire. http://www.edr.ro/pages/resp/pneumonia.htm

Pneumonia Un tratament adecvat va fi recomandat de medic pe baza: -stadiului bolii, -tolerantei pacientului la diferite medicamente, proceduri sau terapii, -posibilei evolutii a bolii. Alt tratament poate sa includa o dieta adecvata, terapie cu oxigen, medicamente pentru dureri si pentru tuse. Vaccinul antigripal pneumonia este o complicatie frecventa a gripei Vaccinul pneumococic - Vaccinarea este folositoare celor predispusi riscurilor. Aici sunt incluse persoanele care: O 1. Ce este pneumonia ? 2. Care sunt tipurile de pneumonii ? Pneumonia bacteriana este cauzata de diferite bacterii, printre care cea mai cunoscuta este pneumonia pneumococica Pneumonia virala este cauzata de diferiti virusi, aceasta fiind cauza a jumatate din totalul cazurilor de pneumonie. Pneumonia micoplasmica Alte pneumonii mai putin frecvente pot fi cauzate de inhalarea alimentelor, a lichidelor, a gazelor, a prafului sau de fungi.

15. What You Should Know About Pneumonia - From The Canadian Lung Association pneumonia can be a serious threat to your health. The Lung Association/L association pulmonaire. pneumonia can be a serious threat to your health. http://www.lung.ca/pneumonia/

Pneumonia can be a serious threat to your health. Since the early 1960's pneumonia has been second only to lung cancer as a leading cause of death related to respiratory diseases. Preventative action can help reduce the risk of pneumonia. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) What Is Pneumonia? Causes ... Recommend this page The Canadian Lung Association site strives to provide you with timely, accurate information, which is not intended for diagnosis or self treatment . 1-888-566-LUNG (5864) Privacy Statement

16. EMedicine - Pneumonia, Bacterial : Article By James Stephen, MD pneumonia, Bacterial Bacterial pneumonia is caused by a pathogenic infection of the lungs and may present as a primary disease process or as the final coup http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic465.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Pulmonary Pneumonia, Bacterial Last Updated: May 19, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: lung infection AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: James Stephen, MD , Associate Director, Kiwanis Pediatric Trauma Service, Assistant Professor, Director of Graduate Education, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tufts Medical School and New England Medical Center James Stephen, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine Editor(s): Dana A Stearns, MD , Assistant Director of Undergraduate Education, Assistant, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD , Senior Pharmacy Editor, Pharmacy, eMedicine;

17. Pneumonia: New Prediction Model Proves Promising pneumonia New Prediction Model Proves Promising care for newly diagnosed cases of communityacquired pneumonia (CAP). The model recently was announced by a team http://www.ahcpr.gov/clinic/pneuclin.htm

Pneumonia: New Prediction Model Proves Promising Research Findings for Clinicians Overview A new clinical prediction model can help clinicians determine the most appropriate care for newly diagnosed cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The model recently was announced by a team of researchers supported through a grant from the Federal Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR). The model stratifies patients into risk categories based on their medical history, physical examination findings, and a limited set of laboratory and radiographic results. This is a major breakthrough, since the factors used to predict risk are clearly defined and can be readily assessed at the time of patient presentation. The model also predicts other important medical outcomes, such as length of hospitalization, admission to an intensive care unit for respiratory failure or hemodynamic compromise, and time to usual activities. About 600,000 of the 4 million Americans who develop CAP each year are hospitalized. Because of a lack of evidence-based admission criteria and the tendency to overestimate the risk of death, many low-risk patients who could just as safely be treated as outpatients are instead admitted for more costly inpatient care. The investigators made projections from a prospective cohort study of 2,287 CAP patients in Pittsburgh, Boston, and Halifax, Nova Scotia. They suggest that if the model had been used, 26-31 percent of the patients who were hospitalized for care could have been treated safely as outpatients, and an additional 13-19 percent could have been hospitalized only briefly for observation. The investigators validated the model for accuracy and general applicability with data on over 50,000 CAP patients in 275 U.S. and Canadian hospitals.

18. Pneumonia | Treatment If you develop pneumonia, your chances of prompt recovery are greatest under certain conditions There is no effective treatment yet for viral pneumonia. http://www.lung.ca/pneumonia/treatment.html

If you develop pneumonia, your chances of prompt recovery are greatest under certain conditions: you are young your pneumonia is diagnosed early your defenses against disease are working well the infection has not spread you are not suffering from any other illness Prompt treatment with antibiotics almost always cures bacterial and mycoplasma pneumonia, and a certain percentage of rickettsia cases. There is no effective treatment yet for viral pneumonia. The drug or drugs used are determined by the germ causing the pneumonia and the judgment of the physician. The drugs lower body temperature within a day or two and produce a dramatic recovery. After temperature returns to normal, medication must be continued according to physician's instructions, otherwise the pneumonia may recur. Relapses can be far more serious than the first attack. Besides antibiotics, patients are given supportive treatment: proper diet oxygen to relieve bluish cast to lips medication to ease chest pain and in the case of mycoplasma: medication to help ease the violent cough anything that can produce and maintain in the patient the best possible conditions for recovery.

19. CNN.com - CDC Raises Alarm Over New Form Of Pneumonia - Mar. 15, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/03/15/WHO.alert/index.html

The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-Mail Services CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com CDC raises alarm over new form of pneumonia Health organizations work to stop spread of 'worldwide threat' A woman puts a mask on a boy in the emergency ward of a hospital in Hong Kong, where a new, deadly strain of pneumonia has been diagnosed. Story Tools HEALTH WARNING: The World Health Organization alerts travelers to be aware of the symptoms, which include: People presenting after February 1 with a history of fever greater than 38 C (100.4 F) AND one or more respiratory symptoms including cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing AND One or more of the following: Close contact with a person who has been diagnosed with SARS. Close contact means having cared for, having lived with, or having had direct contact with respiratory secretions and body fluids of a person with SARS. Recent history of travel to areas reporting cases of SARS. Probable cases are defined as: A person with chest x-ray findings of pneumonia or Respiratory Distress Syndrome OR A person with an unexplained respiratory illness resulting in death, with an autopsy examination demonstrating the pathology of Respiratory Distress Syndrome without an identifiable cause.

20. Pneumonia Publications At The National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Disea Publications Home. pneumonia. Fact Sheets and Brochures. Pneumococcal pneumonia. Other Links http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/pneumonia.htm

Publications Home Pneumonia Fact Sheets and Brochures Pneumococcal Pneumonia Other Links Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIAID Home About NIAID Activities ... and Infectious Diseases Comments regarding this website are welcome. Please send them to the Webmaster Last Updated May 3, 2004 (alt)

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