61. Soil-Borne Diseases Of Onion Soilborne disease problems of seeded and transplanted onions include damping-off,pink root, fusarium basal or plate rot, bloat or stem and bulb nematode http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/crops/02940.html

You are here: Home Crops Online Fact Sheets no. 2.940 Soil-Borne Diseases of Onion by H. F. Schwartz Quick Facts... Figure 1: Smut lesions on leaf and stem tissues. Figure 2: Pink root symptoms. Common soil-borne diseases of onion in this region are seedling damping-off, pink root and fusarium basal rot. Other soil-borne organisms include nematodes, smut and Insects. Damping-off, fusarium basal rot and pink root are favored by moderate to high soil temperature, frequent cropping to onions, soil compaction, poor drainage, cultivation wounds and low soil fertility. The pathogens involved survive for years in infected debris and infested soil. Colorado is a major producer of onions. Approximately 14,000 acres are planted annually on the Western Slope, in the Arkansas Valley and throughout northeastern Colorado. Yields often average 350 to 400 hundredweight per acre unless constraints, such as soil-borne diseases, become widespread and serious enough to limit production. Plant survival, bulb size and quality can be reduced and thereby affect crop productivity (up to 60 percent yield loss recorded) and profitability. Soil-borne disease problems of seeded and transplanted onions include: damping-off, pink root, fusarium basal or plate rot, bloat or stem and bulb nematode, and smut. Pathogen Survival Soil-borne fungal pathogens and nematodes can persist for many years in previously infected onions or other host debris and infested soil by producing overwintering structures or entering resting phases. These structures may be thick-walled spores (

62. ACS :: Make Pink Ribbon Pin Directions Throughout October — Breast Cancer Awareness Month — people wear a pink ribbonto honor survivors, remember those lost to the disease, and to support the http://www.cancer.org/docroot/gi/content/GI_2_5_Make_Pink_Ribbon_Pin_Directions.

Home Community Get Involved Donate ... Search GetRandomImage("headerImage", "jpg", 121, 77, 30); My Planner Register Sign In Get Involved ... Coaches vs. Cancer Make a Pink Ribbon Lapel Pin Help Raise Awareness About Breast Cancer The pink ribbon lapel pin has become a powerful symbol to increase awareness about breast cancer, and it's easy to make for yourself and your friends. We encourage you to wear a pink ribbon throughout the month of October and join us in the fight against breast cancer. Follow the printable directions below to make your own pink ribbon lapel pin; no sewing required. Finished size: 1 ½" by 5/8". You will need: 3 inches of pink ribbon, ¼ inches wide. 1 small safety pin Needle and small length of pink thread (Optional) Options to attach to a lapel: The small safety pin used above Double stick tape Directions: Cut a 3-inch length of ribbon, snipping both ends at an angle. Lay the ribbon out horizontally with the shorter edge on top. Hold down the ribbon's midpoint. Grasp the left end and fold so it points down and slightly across the midpoint. The fold can be a soft curve or a crisp line. Fold the right end in the same way so the ribbon crosses itself about ½" below the fold.

63. IPM : Reports On Plant Diseases : Red Thread And Pink Patch Of Turfgrasses disease Cycle. The disease cycle of pink patch is similar to that of red thread,except for the absence of arthroconidia and red threads. Control. http://www.ipm.uiuc.edu/diseases/series400/rpd413/

IPM Site Index Field Crops Alfalfa Corn Sorghum Soybeans Fruits Apples Brambles Grapes Strawberries Vegetables Asparagus Cole Crops Cucurbit Crops Potatoes Sweet Corn Sweet Potatoes Greenhouse Livestock Educational Materials Videos FAQs Decision Aids Reports on Plant Diseases RPD No. 413 - Red Thread and Pink Patch of Turfgrasses March 1986 Symptoms Disease Cycle Control Table 1 RED THREAD Red thread is caused by the fungus Laetisaria fuciformis (formerly called Corticium fuciforme ). In Illinois, this disease is of chief concern when it attacks the grass blades and leaf sheaths of fine-leaf fescues (red and chewings), Kentucky and annual bluegrasses, perennial ryegrass, and bentgrasses during cool, damp weather in the spring and fall. Fine-leaved fescues and perennial ryegrasses are very susceptible. Velvet bentgrass cultivars are more susceptible than colonial and creeping bents. Other grasses that are sus- ceptible include bermudagrass, redtop, sheep fescue, tall fescue, hard fescue, velvetgrass, zoysiagrasses, and quackgrass. Although red thread rarely kills turfgrass plants outright, it does weaken them and contributes to their decline and death from subsequent stress diseases.

64. Red&pink Despite hard work and use of proper cultural practices, red thread and pink patchmay become injurious and fungicides are then needed to control the disease. http://iaa.umd.edu/umturf/Diseases/redpink.html

RED THREAD AND PINK PATCH DISEASES OF TURFGRASSES Agronomy Mimeo 86 Revised February, 1989 INTRODUCTION Red thread and pink patch are common diseases of turfgrasses in Maryland, and are generally among the first diseases to appear in early spring. Development of these diseases is favored by cool (65-70 F), wet weather in the spring and fall. These diseases may also occur during warm or very cool to cold weather in the presence of plenty of surface moisture or at snow melt in February and March. They also occasionally occur during prolonged overcast and drizzling rainy weather in the summer. These diseases become widespread among turfgrass species during mild winters. Red thread is caused by the fungus Laetisaria fuciformis ; whereas, pink patch is caused by one of two species of the fungus Limonomyces. Red thread and pink patch have become more common and widespread in recent years and are now considered diseases of significant economic importance in the U.S. The recent and severe outbreaks of these diseases can be attributed to the more widespread use of perennial ryegrass. In the past, perennial ryegrass was not commonly used as a turf; however, the advent of the improved "turf-type" cultivars has led to their acceptance as a turfgrass species. Unfortunately, perennial ryegrass is perhaps the most susceptible turfgrass species to these diseases. Red thread and pink patch are also quite damaging to the fine leaf fescues, which are principally used in Maryland as minor components in Kentucky bluegrass mixtures. Bentgrasses may be badly damaged by these diseases during early spring at snow melt or in the presence of plenty of moisture under cool environmental conditions. Red thread and pink patch also attack Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue and bermuadgrass, but seldom cause a significant level of injury to these species.

65. Pink Rot pink rot is a disease caused by the soil borne fungus Phytophthora erythrosepticabut other species of Phytophthora may also be involved. http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pages/horticulture/pathology/hort_pn_pinkrot.htm

Pink Rot - Other documents in this section - Pink Rot Trevor Wicks and Robin Harding Pink rot is a soil borne disease of potatoes that was once rare in South Australia but is now found in most potato growing areas of the State as well as in Tasmania and Victoria. The disease appears to be spreading and is a serious problem particularly in the lower South East where yield losses of 30% have been reported on some properties. Further losses may occur in storage due to secondary bacterial infections. Cause This disease is caused by the soil borne fungus Phytophthora erythroseptica but other species of Phytophthora may also be involved. Symptoms This disease is named because the portion of a tuber attacked by Phytophthora turns pink and eventually black when the infected tuber is cut open and exposed to the air for at least 30 minutes. Another distinguishing feature of this disease is the development of a black line that usually delineates health and diseased tuber tissue and is obvious once adhering soil is washed or brushed from infected tubers. Initially infected tubers are spongy and rubbery but break down in storage occurs due to the development of secondary soft rot bacteria.

66. Potato Diseases pink rot is a tuber disease that is restricted to the southern swamps, althoughmost of the heavily infected, poorly drained areas have been withdrawn from http://www.organicdownunder.com/potato_diseases.htm

O rganic G ardening F rom D own U nder Figure 1. Early blight: leaf lesions. Figure 2. Early blight: tuber damage. Figure 3. Rhizoctonia canker severing stems. Figure 4. Rhizoctonia sclerotes on mature tuber. Figure 5. Powdery scab on susceptible tuber (winter crop). Figure 6. Common scab: large, deep pits on surface of tuber. Figure 7. Verticillium wilt: senescence and leaf scorch affected plants; lack of competition from potato plants results in considerable weed growth. Figure 8. Fusarium dry rot of stored tuber. Figure 9. Pink rot: cut surface, showing pink discolouration after exposure to air. Farmnote Fungal diseases of potatoes By Robert Floyd, Plant Pathologist, Plant Pathology Branch, South Perth Western Australia Early blight, Alternaria solani Early blight is the most common fungal disease of potatoes, causing severe defoliation and yield loss to susceptible crops. The most susceptible varieties include Delaware and Russet Burbank, the most important varieties grown for fresh market and processing respectively. Leaf infection is first seen as circular brown spots, which rapidly enlarge, becoming zonate or target-like (

67. Market Diseases Of Apples, Pears, And Quinces Pear Pink Mold Rot pink mold rot of pears, like the same disease on apples, is no longer a problem,but it is included in this publication because it may be confused with other http://postharvest.tfrec.wsu.edu/marketdiseases/pearpink.html

No photos available for this section. Market Diseases of Apples, Pears, and Quinces Pear Pink Mold Rot Cephalothechim roseum Cda. Pink mold rot of pears, like the same disease on apples, is no longer a problem, but it is included in this publication because it may be confused with other pear rots. Early stages of the disease appear as small, irregularly shaped spots with brown margins and light centers. White fungus threads may develop on the surface of the lesions, and under moist conditions they may also be accompanied by pink masses of spores. A second stage consisting of chocolate-brown, irregularly shaped, sunken lesions up to 2 inches across may develop under favorable conditions. Depressed, lighter colored, circular spots may be scattered over the surface of the rotted areas. The late stage of the rot is less likely to exhibit the white fungus threads and pink spore masses than the first stage. At any stage the rotted areas are rather firm and dry, or at least, not watery, and the affected tissues have a bitter taste. Superficially the early stage of pink mold rot resembles bull's-eye rot , but it can be distinguished by the irregular shape of the lesions and by the presence of the white fungal threads and pink spore masses. The pink mold fungus is a shallow-growing organism, rarely penetrating more than 1/8 inch into the flesh. Bull's-eye rot lesions are round or elliptical, the fungus penetrates more deeply into the flesh, and the affected tissues are mealy.

68. Some Common Fungal Diseases Of Turf to powdery gray, pink, yellow or orange. They may occur in large quantities in rainyweather, enough to be observed even at a distance. disease Cycle Slime http://www.uri.edu/ce/factsheets/sheets/turffungaldis.html

Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe graminis): Powdery mildews are common on many kinds of plants. Although they may look the same, each kind of plant is infected by a different species of powdery mildew fungus. Powdery mildew fungi on grasses will not infect lilacs, phlox, roses or other garden plants. Symptoms: Powdery mildew may appear quite suddenly, usually in shaded areas, and most commonly on Kentucky bluegrass. The grass blades look as if they were dusted with flour or lime. The white to gray powder is a combination of the mycelium and spores of the powdery mildew fungus. The mycelium grows over the surface of the leaf, absorbing nutrients from the plant. Later, the leaf may turn yellowish and begin to dry up and die, but the leaves often support the presence of the powdery mildew fungus for some time without significant injury. Powdery mildew is most common in turf from July to September, and occasionally in the spring. It is most common during overcast periods of cool, moist weather. Powdery mildew on turfgrass Close-up of powdery mildew fungus on grass leaves.

69. Dictionary Definition Of PINK DISEASE s pink Rot of Tubers The internal tissues appear cream-colored when cut, but turn salmon pink after15 - 20 minutes. October, 1996 Previous disease. Next disease. Back to Index....... Irish Potato disease http://www.dictionarybarn.com/PINK-DISEASE.php

Dictionary definition of PINK DISEASE Browse Dictionary by alphabet A B C D ... Z Top Words pi pi bond pi cone monochromatism pi helix ... piedmontite Pain in the extremities. Please select first two letters of word you are looking for PA PB PC PD ... PZ fiSearchFormMaxSetId='AX006027'; Top Words piedra piedra nostras Piedraia pieds terminaux ... Home Sponsored By: Iowa Car Rentals Kansas Car Rentals Kentucky Car Rentals

70. Pink Football - The Football Website For Women - Women's Football And Men's Foot heart disease home page return to the top of this page women s issues homepage. contactus privacy statement advertisers media pack © 2003 pink Football http://pinkfootball.com/pinkfootball/health/heart-disease-home.asp

Heart Disease Heart Disease Research shows that women think they are more likely to die of breast cancer than heart disease. In fact women are four times more likely to die from heart disease than from breast cancer. Although death rates are continuing to fall – heart disease (CHD - Coronory Heart Disease) still accounts for 27% of deaths in women under the age of 75. Overall, 54,491 women died of CHD in 2001 compared to 66,400 men. We hope the following information will be useful for you. You can get more information on the British Heart Foundation Website at bhf.org.uk and by phone on the British Heart Foundation Heart Information Line To find out more anout heart disease click the link below to the next page or try one of the other links in the list that take your interest. next page Risk Factors Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention ... The British Heart Foundation - Learn about what it does, how it is funded, what equipment it has and how it educates us about heart disease. heart disease home page return to the top of this page women's issues homepage home ... media pack

71. Disease : Leak And Pink Rot Various oomycete fungi, belonging to the Leak and pink rot family, are liable tocause soft rot in tubers • the Pythium, particularly P. ultimum, wet rot http://www.plantdepommedeterre.org/eng/disease/champ.htm

Pythium spp. and Phytophthora erythroseptica Various oomycete fungi, belonging to the Leak and pink rot family, are liable to cause soft rot in tubers : the Pythium, particularly P. ultimum wet rot agent. Phytophthora erythroseptica pink rot agent. These fungi can all remain alive in the oil for several years and require a high level of humidity to develop. The Pythiums penetrate through wounds and develop more frequently in hot and damp conditions, particularly during stormy conditions during harvesting, while Pink Rot has a lower optimum temperature. initially a grey damp rot, then turning brown on contact with the air. The texture of the affected tissues is relatively fluid, even creamy and healthy, while the diseased tissues are clearly separated. The symptoms may develop if drying is insufficient. tuber rot often starting at the stem-base, with browning on the surface and inside; the pink-coloured affected areas are separated from the healthy areas by a blackish line. The tissues become elastic but retain their consistency, unlike bacterial rot. On the cut surface, the pink areas turn brown in one hour. ^ Top

72. Turf Disease Fact Sheet No. 9 Management Program For Pink And Gray 469. Turf disease Fact Sheet No. 9 Management Program for pink andGray Snow Molds. by John E. Watkins, Extension Plant Pathologist. http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/plantdisease/nf469.htm

Nebraska Cooperative Extension NF01-469 Turf Disease Fact Sheet No. 9 Management Program for Pink and Gray Snow Molds by John E. Watkins, Extension Plant Pathologist Previous Category Catalog Order Info Cause, Hosts and Occurrence Pink Snow Mold (Microdochium patch): Cause: Microdochium nivale Primary hosts: Creeping bentgrass, Perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass Occurrence: November - April Gray Snow Mold (Typhula Blight): Cause: Typhula incarnata and T. ishikariensis Primary hosts: All cool-season turfgrasses Occurrence: December - March Key Symptoms and Signs Pink Snow Mold Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass Four- to 12-inch diameter circular patches. Bleached, matted grass within the patches. Patches surrounded by a salmon-pink border. Creeping bentgrass greens and fairways Bleached, roughly circular patches ranging from 1/2 foot to 2-3 feet in diameter. Presence of a white to salmon-pink moldy growth on infected grass blades. Gray Snow Mold Patches of roughly, circular, bleached-brown areas up to 1 foot in diameter becoming visible as snow melts. Leaves within the patches are matted and appear scalded.

73. Pink Seed Disease, Bean - Canada (Alberta) pink seed disease, bean Canada (Alberta). 374, 1987. ProMED-mail promed@promedmail.org.pink seed disease commonly infects durum and bread wheat seeds. http://www.agnic.org/pmp/2002/psd081602.html

Chrono Alpha Search ProMED-mail ... AgNIC Pink seed disease, bean - Canada (Alberta) From: ProMED-mail [promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu Sent: Tuesday, August 16, 2002 To: promed-plant@promedmail.org Subject: PRO/PL> Pink seed disease, bean - Canada (Alberta) PINK SEED DISEASE, BEAN - CANADA (ALBERTA) A ProMED-mail post http://www.promedmail.org ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases http://www.isid.org Date: 15 Aug 2002 From: ProMED-mail promed@promedmail.org Source: Amer Phytopathological Soc, PLANT DISEASE [edited] <0.1 percent) frequencies. Bacteria, isolated from surface-sterilized pink seeds, produced a water-soluble pink pigment on PDA. 7 isolates were tested for physiological characteristics using conventional tests (1) and API 50CHE test strips (bioMerieux Canada, St. Laurent, Quebec), and tested for cellular fatty acids using the MIDI system (Newark, DE). All isolates were gram-negative, motile, facultative anaerobic rods with mucoid colonies and produced a pink pigment on PDA. They were positive for citrate utilization, catalase, methyl red, and Voges-Proskauer, and negative for arginine dihydrolase, lysine and ornithine decarboxylases, urease, gelatin liquification, indole production, oxidase, and gas production. Fatty acid profiles matched with Er (ca. 30 percent each 16:0 and 16:1 w7c/15:0 iso 2OH; 12 percent 18:1 7c: 8 percent each 17:0 cyclo and 14:0 3OH/16:1 iso; 4 to 5 percent each 12:0 and 14:0). Isolates were positive for acid production from: N-acetyl glucosamine, L-arabinose, amygdalin, arbutin, cellobiose, esculin (hydrolysis), D-fructose, D-fucose, D-galactose, b-gentiobiose, D-glucose, glycerol, i-myo-inositol, lactose, maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, melibiose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, ribose, salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose, and D-xylose. These results match published results for Er (4).

74. Erwinia Rhapontici, Pink Seed Disease, Pea - USA (WA) Erwinia rhapontici, pink seed disease, pea USA (WA). From ProMED-mailpromed@promed.isid.harvard.edu Sent Monday, February http://www.agnic.org/pmp/2002/erp021102.html

Chrono Alpha Search ProMED-mail ... AgNIC Erwinia rhapontici, pink seed disease, pea - USA (WA) From: ProMED-mail [promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu Sent: Monday, February 11, 2002 8:56 PM To: promed-plant@promedmail.org Subject: ERWINIA RHAPONTICI, PINK SEED DISEASE, PEA - USA (Washington) A ProMED-mail post http://www.promedmail.org ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases http://www.isid.org Date: 8 Feb 2002 From: Dick Hamilton rihamilto@shaw.ca Source: American Phytopathological Society, PLANT DISEASE [edited] B. K. Schroeder, Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and S. L. Lupien and F. M. Dugan, USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman 99164. Plant Dis. 86:188, 2002; published on-line as D-2001-1128-01N, 2001. Accepted for publication 20 November 2001. In March 2001, the USDA Federal Grain Inspection Service sent for analysis to USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, 12 discolored seeds of field pea (_Pisum sativum_ L.) from northeastern Montana. Symptoms consisted of pale pinkish brown-to-bright pink discoloration throughout the seed coat [that could not be removed by prolonged] washing. 10 discolored seeds were disinfested in 0.5 percent NaOCl for 1 to 2 min and rinsed in sterile distilled water. 5 seeds were placed on malt extract agar amended with streptomycin sulfate and tetracycline hydrochloride at 50 mg per liter each, and ... on nutrient broth yeast extract agar (NBY) (3) and incubated under ambient lab conditions. No organisms were isolated from

75. Pink Rot Images This group also includes the late blight fungus, Phutophthora infestans, althoughthe disease cycle for late blight is much different that either pink rot or http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/gudmesta/lateblight/image1.html

Pink Rot and Leak (Water Rots) Neil C. Gudmestad, Gary A. Secor and Bacilio Salas Department of Plant Pathology North Dakota State University Water rots of potato are a problem that many growers deal with to some degree every year. Tubers that have water rot appear discolored and may have a waterlogged appearance that will often be dotted with white tufts of fungal growth. There are actually two different types of water rot, pink rot and Pythium leak, each caused by a different fungus. PINK ROT Probably the most prevalent of the two water rots is pink rot caused by the soil-borne fungus Phytophthora erythroseptica . This disease can be found in the field before harvest and is characterized by rotted tuber tissues that turn pink after exposure to air for 20 to 30 minutes. Another important diagnostic trait for pink rot is that the rot will usually appear to start from the stem end of the tuber and will then progress through the tuber in a very uniform manner, often with a nearly straight line between the healthy and the diseased portions of the tuber. Pure pink rot is not a slimy soft rot, but infected tissues are easily, and often invaded by soft rot bacteria which will cause this symptom. In a tuber that is infected with the pink rot fungus alone, the rotted tissues will retain some structure and firmness but not nearly as much as the healthy portions of the tuber. The texture of the infected tuber tissue is much like that of a boiled potato. We refer to this as a "cooked potato" texture. Another feature of pink rot is the characteristic smell of ammonia that is given off by pink rot infected tubers. This odor can frequently be defected in potato storages prior to the development of visual symptoms.

76. Montana Wheat Diseases - Fungal, Leaves & Stems (A-R) 4) Wiese, MV 1977. pink snow mold Compendium of Wheat Diseases. APS Press, St. pinksnow mold Compendium of Wheat Diseases. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, pp. http://scarab.msu.montana.edu/Disease/DiseaseGuidehtml/webFungstem.htm

FUNGAL DISEASES: LEAVES AND STEMS (A-R) ANTHRACNOSE Scientific name: Colletotricum spp. Hosts: Sorghum and rye are the most important hosts, but barley, oats, corn, wheat, and about 20 genera of temperate climate grasses also are susceptible (1). Symptoms: Lesions (elliptical in shape and 1-2 cm long) occur above and below ground. In early stages, lesions are water-soaked; later they become bleached and necrotic . Lesions normally are confined to the lower stem and acervuli generally do not develop until the plant matures (1). Look-alike symptoms: Lesions resemble those of eyespot and sharp eyespot until dark acervuli appear in them (1). Lab diagnosis: Acervuli contain diagnostic, dark spines visible under low magnification. Colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) are gray and felt-like. Conidia and appressoria are numerous when cultures are well aerated and sclerotia sometimes form. Appressoria are diagnostic, tawny-brown, prominent and terminal on thickened hyphae . They assume irregular shapes, average 11.2x15.6 um and have a single germ pore Favorable conditions: Continuously-cropped wheat, alkaline soil, and the presence of alternative grassy hosts promote build-up of inoculum. Wet weather favors infection. Optimum conditions for infections include presence of susceptible cultivars, 25 C, and free moisture (1).

77. 7-13-01 Frost: "Pink Brush Disease" Of Spruce 19992003 - 07130004 12/05/03. 7-13-01 Frost pink Brush disease of Spruce. http//www.msue.msu.edu/ipm/CAT01_land/L07-13-01.htm 4 http://www.msue.msu.edu/imp/modc1/07130004.html

Michigan State University Extension Landscape CAT Alert 1999-2003 - 07130004 7-13-01 Frost: "Pink Brush Disease" of Spruce http://www.msue.msu.edu/ipm/CAT01_land/L07-13-01.htm#4 Go To Top of File Michigan State University Extension Home Page Main Page for this Data Base ... Landscape CAT Home Page This information is for educational purposes only. References to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned. This information becomes public property upon publication and may be printed verbatim with credit to MSU Extension. Reprinting cannot be used to endorse or advertise a commercial product or company. This file was generated from data base C1 on 01/08/04. Data base C1 was last revised on 12/05/03. For more information about this data base or its contents please contact catalert@msue.msu.edu

78. Pink Seed Of Dry Pea In Southern Alberta: PCN - Summer, 2000 pink seed of pea has become a potential problem to dry pea growers and the seed cleaningindustry in the Canadian prairies. The disease was frequently detected http://www.pulse.ab.ca/newsletter/2000summer/pink.html

Pink Seed of Dry Pea in Southern Alberta Henry C. Huang and R. Scott Erickson AAFC-Research Centre, Lethbridge (403)327-4561 Pink seed of dry pea is caused by the bacterial pathogen Erwinia rhapontici. The disease was first detected by Henry Huang in1988 in a field near Lethbridge, and was subsequently reported as a new disease of dry pea in 1990 (Huang et al. 1990. Can. J. Plant Pathology 12: 445-448). Early records show that this bacterial pathogen also causes diseases of other crops such as pink seed of durum wheat and common wheat, soft rot of wasabi and onion, internal browning of hyacinth, crown rot of rhubarb and fruit rot of pear and citrus. Pink Seed (left) and Normal Seeds (right) Pink seed of pea has become a potential problem to dry pea growers and the seed cleaning industry in the Canadian prairies. The disease was frequently detected in seed samples from southern Alberta during the late 1980s and early 1990s, and was found in one sample from Saskatchewan in 1994. The disease appears to be non-specific with respect to cultivar, as it has been found in samples of the dry pea cultivars such as Delta and Sunset-85 and other type of pea such as Marrowfat. In addition to being detected on harvested pea seeds, E. rhapontici has also been frequently isolated from root or soil samples collected from fields of dry pea, sugar beet, canola, and safflower in southern Alberta. The impact of this new bacterial disease to pea growers and the Canadian pea seed industry remains largely unknown. Previous studies involving artificial inoculation in a growth cabinet showed that one strain of E. rhapontici produced an average of 23% of pink seeds from inoculated plants of dry pea cultivar Sunset-85. In 1999, a survey of two bags (40 kg) of commercial dry pea seed, cultivar Delta, obtained from a seed cleaning plant in southern Alberta, showed that the sample contained 6% pink seeds. Meanwhile, the pink seeds are smaller and the average100seed weight was reduced by 14%, compared to the normal, nondiscolored seeds. This suggests that pink seed has potential of lowering the grade and price as well as reducing seed yield of dry pea. It is important to conduct field studies for assessing the epidemiological and economic impact of this new disease on the Canadian dry pea industry.

79. Alzforum News News, pink Mutations Link Parkinson’s disease to Mitochondria, http://www.alzforum.org/new/detail.asp?id=999

80. The Pink-Ribbon Trap to demand better treatments, more research into the causes of the disease and more Anewly invigorated breastcancer movement will not be as pink and cuddly as http://www.commondreams.org/views01/1223-04.htm

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