1. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pharyngitis pharyngitis. Definition Return to top. pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx that frequently results in a sore throat. It http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000655.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Pharyngitis Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Calling your health care provider Illustrations Throat anatomy Definition Return to top Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx that frequently results in a sore throat . It may be caused by a variety of microorganisms. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Pharyngitis is caused by a variety of microorganisms. Most cases are caused by a virus, including the virus causing the common cold, flu (influenza virus), adenovirus, mononucleosis, HIV, and various others. Bacterial causes include Group A streptococcus , which causes strep throat , in addition to corynebacterium arcanobacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae Chlamydia pneumoniae, and others. In up to 30% of cases, no organism is identified. Most cases of pharyngitis occur during the colder months during respiratory disease season. It often spreads among family members. Strep throat is a serious cause of pharyngitis. The complications of strep throat can include acute rheumatic fever, kidney dysfunction, and severe diseases such as bacteremia and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.

2. Treatment Of Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis And Prevention Of Rheumatic Fever Scientific and medical article. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1244

3. Pharyngitis pharyngitis. DESCRIPTION Inflammation of the pharynx most commonly caused by acute infection. Group A streptococcus is a focus of diagnosis due to its potential for preventable rheumatic sequelae . http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0684.html

Pharyngitis DESCRIPTION: Inflammation of the pharynx most commonly caused by acute infection. Group A streptococcus is a focus of diagnosis due to its potential for preventable rheumatic sequelae. Chronic low grade symptoms usually related to reflux disease or vocal abuse. System(s) affected: Gastrointestinal Genetics: Individuals with a positive family history of rheumatic fever have a higher risk of rheumatic sequelae following an untreated group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection Incidence/Prevalence in USA: Estimated 30 million cases diagnosed yearly 11% of all school age children visit a physician annually with pharyngitis 12-25% of sore throats seen by physicians Incidence of rheumatic fever is decreasing with estimate of 64 cases per 100,000 Predominant age: Pharyngitis occurs in all age groups Streptococcal infection has greatest incidence 5 to 18 years of age Predominant sex: Male = Female CAUSES: Acute - bacterial: Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci Neisseria gonorrhoeae Corynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria) Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis Group C and G streptococcus, rarely

4. Pharyngitis Sickle Cell Information Center Protocols. by James Eckman, M.D. and Allan Platt, PAC. pharyngitis and Sleep Apnea Infectious pharyngitis. Sickle cell anemia patients are high risk for severe illness with streptococcus infection http://www.emory.edu/PEDS/SICKLE/pharyng.htm

Sickle Cell Information Center Protocols by James Eckman, M.D. and Allan Platt, PA-C Pharyngitis and Sleep Apnea Infections of the throat are no more common in sickle cell anemia patients, but prompt treatment may prevent complications such as sepsis, meningitis, pain crisis or aplastic crisis. Since patients have a predisposition to these complications, their occurrence must always be considered especially when evaluating children with upper respiratory symptoms. The incidence of adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) in SCD appears increased and not related to infectious diseases. We suggest that ATH represents a part of the natural course of compensatory lymphoid tissue enlargement in children with SCD. This causes obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with symptoms of snoring. Adenotonsillectomy can correct the of symptoms and improve alveolar hypoventilation. Overnight polysomnography is diagnostic. Clinical Findings Subjective Data Present Illness . Document onset of sore throat, ability to talk, pain location and radiation. Note any associated symptoms such as fever, chills, rash, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain headache, earache, coryza, cough, sputum production, myalgias, and fatigue. Seek symptoms of airway compromise including stridor, drooling, restlessness, inability to lay on back, or air hunger. Document the ability to swallow liquids and keep fluids down. Inquire about similar illness in family members and friends. A history of snoring may be caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

5. EMedicine - Pharyngitis : Article By Amin Antoine Kazzi, MD pharyngitis pharyngitis is defined as an infection or irritation of the pharynx and/or tonsils. The etiology is usually infectious, with 40-60% of cases being of viral origin and 5-40% of cases http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic419.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Ear, Nose, And Throat Pharyngitis Last Updated: January 14, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Amin Antoine Kazzi, MD , Associate Division Chief, Associate Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of California at Irvine Medical Center Coauthor(s): Jeannine Wills, MD , Staff Physician, University of California at Irvine College of Medicine Editor(s): Jerry Balentine, DO , Professor of Emergency Medicine, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine; Medical Director, Saint Barnabas Hospital; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD , Senior Pharmacy Editor, Pharmacy, eMedicine; Mark W Fourre, MD , Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Vermont School of Medicine; John Halamka, MD

6. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pharyngitis - Gonococcal pharyngitis gonococcal. Alternative names Return to top. Gonococcal pharyngitis Definition Return to top. An infection of the throat http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000601.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Pharyngitis - gonococcal Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Throat anatomy Alternative names Return to top Gonococcal pharyngitis Definition Return to top Gonococcal pharyngitis is an infection of the throat involving the tonsils and the larynx (pharynx), caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Gonococcal pharyngitis is a sexually-transmitted disease. It is acquired through oral sex with an infected partner. The majority of throat infections caused by gonococci have no symptoms ( asymptomatic When discomfort is present, it is generally mild. Symptoms involving the rest of the body are not normally present unless the person develops disseminated gonococcemia , a wide-spread infection of the bloodstream. Untreated gonorrhea may spread to other parts of the body, causing inflammation of the testes or prostate in men or pelvic inflammatory disease in women.

7. Chronic Pharyngitis And Traditional Chinese Medicine In China Describes in detail how TCM practitioners in China solve this with traditional Chinese strategies and herbs. http://www.tcmtreatment.com/images/diseases/chronic-pharyngitis.htm

TCM Hospital: Chronic Pharyngitis And Traditional Chinese Medicine In China Chronic pharyngitis, a chronic inflammation of the pharyngeal mucous membrane and submucous lymphoid tissues, is often caused by unsatisfactory treatment of acute pharyngitis or repeated occurrences of upper respiratory tract infection and it is related to high-dust environment. Clinically it manifests itself as itching, dryness, soreness of the throat, cough, a feeling of foreign body or obstruction in the throat. In TCM it belongs to the category of "hou bi," or inflammation of throat. Main Points of Diagnosis 1. The patient has discomfort, dryness and itching, swelling and soreness, a feeling of foreign body in the throat or being stuck with sputum. He or she often wants to "hang ka" (make a cough sound like "hang ka" ) or has irritated coughs. 2. The patient has a sensation of obstruction and fullness in the throat and a feeling of being blocked when swallowing without any food but no difficulty in eating.

8. EMedicine - Pharyngitis : Article By Amin Antoine Kazzi, MD pharyngitis pharyngitis is defined as an infection or irritation of the pharynx and/or tonsils. pharyngitis. Last Updated January 14, 2002, http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic419.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Ear, Nose, And Throat Pharyngitis Last Updated: January 14, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Amin Antoine Kazzi, MD , Associate Division Chief, Associate Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of California at Irvine Medical Center Coauthor(s): Jeannine Wills, MD , Staff Physician, University of California at Irvine College of Medicine Editor(s): Jerry Balentine, DO , Professor of Emergency Medicine, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine; Medical Director, Saint Barnabas Hospital; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD , Senior Pharmacy Editor, Pharmacy, eMedicine; Mark W Fourre, MD , Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Vermont School of Medicine; John Halamka, MD

9. Pharyngitis pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, and Deep Neck Infections Core Education Curriculum pharyngitis. pharyngitis. Anatomy of the Pharynx lymphadenopathy and may appear very toxic. Membranous pharyngitis is usually streptococcal in origin http://www.entlink.net/education/curriculum/pharyngitis.cfm

Search: ENT LINK Education Core Education Curriculum Pharyngitis Pharyngitis Anatomy of the Pharynx Introduction. The pharynx can be considered to be a muscular tube that connects the oral and nasal cavities with the esophagus and larynx. While rather simplistic at first glance, it requires considerable complexity during swallowing to close the nasopharynx, close the larynx, and propel liquids and solids into the proximal esophagus without aspiration into the trachea and lungs. The pharynx can be divided into three parts: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. The nasopharyngeal boundaries are the skull base (basisphenoid) above and the soft palate below. The oropharynx runs from the soft palate and palatal folds to the epiglottis. The hypopharynx begins at the epiglottis and extends to the cricoid or the beginning of the esophagus. Common findings in all parts of the pharynx include an abundance of lymphoid tissue. In addition, all mucosa is stratified squamous epithelium. Acute Infections of the Pharynx Pharyngitis Nasopharyngitis is an acute inflammation of the nasopharynx. It is usually associated with a diffuse pharyngitis. Chronic infection can occur but is usually associated with enlarged adenoids and is termed adenoiditis. Smoking, alcohol, and noxious fumes are precipitators of nasopharyngitis. Treatment is antibiotics and saline nasal sprays for local nasal cleaning.

10. EMedicine - Pediatrics, Pharyngitis : Article By Harold K Simon, MD Pediatrics, pharyngitis Studies in the late 1940s and 1950s showed that penicillin (PCN) therapy for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic395.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Pediatric Pediatrics, Pharyngitis Last Updated: January 14, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, GABHS AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Harold K Simon, MD , Director of Fellowship and Research, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Harold K Simon, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association American Academy of Pediatrics American Heart Association Massachusetts Medical Society ... Sigma Xi , and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Editor(s): Garry Wilkes, MD , Director, Clinical Senior Lecturer, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bunbury Health Service; Robert Konop, PharmD

11. The Winn Feline Foundation - Health Article Article concerning feline oral resorptive lesion (FORL), lymphocytic plasmacytic gingivitispharyngitis syndrome, oral neoplasia squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and orthodontic problems. http://www.winnfelinehealth.org/health/dental.html

A Winn Foundation Health Article On ... Feline Dental Pathology and Care Feline Dental Pathology and Care Jan Bellows, DVM Diplomate, American Veterinary Dental College Feline dental pathology and care are perhaps the most overlooked and under- treated areas in small animal medicine. Many feline patients over five years old will have oral lesions that require immediate care to relieve pain. A common feline oral malady is feline oral resorptive lesion (FORL). A majority of the cats affected are older than four years. These tooth defects have also been called cavities, neck lesions, external or internal root resorptions, and cervical line erosions. The location of FORL is usually at the labial or buccal surface of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) where the free gingiva meets the tooth surface. The most common teeth affected are the maxillary third and fourth premolars and the lower third premolar and first molars, however FORLs can be found on any tooth. The etiology is unknown, however theories supporting an autoimmune response mediating cellular and humoral factors, calici virus, and metabolic imbalances relating to calcium regulation have been proposed. Patients effected with FORLs may show hypersalivation, oral bleeding, or have difficulty apprehending food. A majority of effected cats do not show obvious clinical signs. Most times it is up to the clinician to diagnose the lesions on oral examination. Diagnostic aids include a periodontal probe or cotton tipped applicator applied to the suspected FORL. The lesion often erodes into the sensitive dentin, causing the cat to show pain with jaw spasms when the EOR is touched. Intraoral radiology is helpful in making definitive diagnosis and treatment planning.

12. EMedicine - Pediatrics, Pharyngitis : Article By Harold K Simon, MD Pediatrics, pharyngitis Studies in the late 1940s and 1950s showed that penicillin (PCN) therapy for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis could prevent rheumatic heart Causes of pharyngitis in children vary from viruses, which often require only http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic395.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Pediatric Pediatrics, Pharyngitis Last Updated: January 14, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, GABHS AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Harold K Simon, MD , Director of Fellowship and Research, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Harold K Simon, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association American Academy of Pediatrics American Heart Association Massachusetts Medical Society ... Sigma Xi , and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Editor(s): Garry Wilkes, MD , Director, Clinical Senior Lecturer, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bunbury Health Service; Robert Konop, PharmD

13. Sore Throat 3.12 pharyngitis (Sore Throat). Presentation. The patient with a bacterial pharyngitis complains of a rapid onset of throat pain worsened by swallowing. http://www.ncemi.org/cse/cse0312.htm

More Emergency Medicine Resources Back to table of contents 3.12 Pharyngitis (Sore Throat) Presentation The patient with a bacterial pharyngitis complains of a rapid onset of throat pain worsened by swallowing. There is usually a fever, pharyngeal erythema, and a purulent, patchy, yellow, gray or white exudate, tender cervical adenopathy, headache and absence of cough. Viral infections are typically accompanied by conjunctivitis, nasal congestion, hoarseness, cough, aphthous ulcers on the soft palate and myalgias. It is helpful to differentiate pain on swallowing (odynophagia) from difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), the latter being more likely caused by obstruction or abnormal muscular movement. What to do: First examine the ears, nose, and mouth, which are, after all, connected to the pharynx, and often contain clues to the diagnosis. Depress the tongue with a blade, have the patient raise his soft palate by saying " ah," inspect the posterior pharynx, and swab both tonsillar pillars for a culture. (You can decide later whether you really need to plant the culture. Rapid strep tests may provide results in a few minutes, while cultures may take 1-2 days to incubate and interpret. This delay does not alter the effectiveness of therapy, however. Treatment may begin up to nine days after symptoms and still prevent rheumatic fever.) When the infection is not clearly bacterial or you are unsure about the need for an antibiotic (or you or the patient "need to know" if this is a strep infection) then you may obtain a rapid strep test. If the rapid strep test is positive, then treat with antibiotics as above. If the test is negative or unavailable and you have a high clinical suspicion that this is a viral pharyngitis, provide symptomatic treatment (below), send a culture, and hold antibiotics pending results.

14. Discovery Health Pharyngitis InteliHealth Home to Johns Hopkins Health Information. Sore Throat, what it is, symptoms, treatment, prevention and when to call the doctor. http://www.discoveryhealth.com/DH/ihtIH/WSDSC000/20707/10538.html

15. Pharyngitis- Pulmonology pharyngitis, called sore throat, is the inflammation of the pharynx. The throat extends from the nasal passages above and behind the mouth to the esophagus in the neck. pharyngitis occurs most advertisement. pharyngitis. Overview. Causes. Signs Symptoms. Diagnosis. Treatments. CONDITIONS Hemoptysis. Lung Cancer. pharyngitis (sore throat) Pleural Effusion. Sarcoidosis http://www.pulmonarychannel.com/pharyngitis

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement PHARYNGITIS Overview Causes Diagnosis Treatments CONDITIONS Anemia ARDS Asthma Bronchitis ... Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Tuberculosis RESOURCES Anatomy Clinical Trials Links MDLocator ... What Is a Pulmonologist? ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials Overview Pharyngitis, called sore throat, is the inflammation of the pharynx (throat). The throat extends from the nasal passages above and behind the mouth to the esophagus (tube that carries food to the stomach) in the neck. Pharyngitis occurs most commonly with a viral upper respiratory infection (URI). It is also symptomatic of a number of diseases, including: diphtheria, mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus, gonorrhea , and acute HIV infection. Incidence and Prevalence Approximately 40 – 60% of cases of pharyngitis are caused by a virus and about 15% are associated with Streptococcus infection (strep throat). In the United States, children typically average five sore throats per year and Streptococcus infection every 4 years. Adults typically experience two sore throats per year and

16. Emergency Medicine At NCEMI: Emergency Medicine And Primary Care Resources Clinical Calculators Medical ETools. Strep pharyngitis probability score No (0 points). Prevalence of group A strep pharyngitis in patient s community, http://www.ncemi.org/cgi-ncemi/edecision.pl?TheCommand=Load&NewFile=strep_pharyn

17. Pharyngitis Hub Links to information and resources. http://www.knowdeep.org/pharyngitis

Pharyngitis hub Pharyngitis is defined as inflammation of the mucous membranes and submucosal structures of the pharynx. There are many agents which cause pharyngitis. The most common agents involved in bacterial pharyngitis are Group A and Group C -Hemolytic Streptococcus. Common signs and symptoms include sore throat, fever, headache, and nausea and vomiting. Management of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis Pharyngitis by MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia - updated by Rocio Hurtado, M.D., Infectious Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis - by Robert J. Flaherty, MD. , Swingle Student Health Service, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT. Pharyngitis - by Neal R. Chamberlain, Ph.D Bacterial Pharyngitis - by Louise-Ann Gombako and Melissa Wainwright Sore Throat (Pharyngitis) - by Terence M. Davidson, M.D. Pharyngitis - prepared by Christopher D. Muller, MD, in partial fulfillment of educational requirements established for the Postgraduate Training Program of the UTMB Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery. Pharyngitis in Children and Adults - by the University of Michigan Health System.

18. Pharyngitis pharyngitis. pharyngitis is a common inflammation of the throat that results in a sore throat. possibly a fever. Cause pharyngitis is caused by a viral infection (i.e http://www.symptomtracker.com/page671.htm

SymptomSolutions, Inc. The New Look Of Health And Wellness Pharyngitis Pharyngitis is a common inflammation of the throat that results in a sore throat. Symptoms - Symptoms include a sore throat, difficult or painful swallowing, redness of the throat, a sensation that there is a "lump" in the throat, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and possibly a fever. Cause - Pharyngitis is caused by a viral infection (i.e. Epstein-Barr virus) or bacterial infection (streptococci bacteria causes Strep Throat ). This condition may be contagious so drinking glasses and eating utensils should not be shared. Pharyngitis may also result if there is constant irritation to the throat by smoking, heavily polluted air, alcohol, or other irritants. Diagnosis - The diagnosis is based on observation of aforementioned symptoms and a physical examination which may include a throat culture. Treatment - A physician may prescribe antibiotics for a bacterial infection. Any irritants (i.e. smoking) should be eliminated. Over-the-counter medication such as acetaminophen may be used to ease symptoms. Aspirin should NOT be used if a viral infection is present due to the increased risk of Reye's syndrome. Home-care should involve gargling with warm salt water (1/2 tsp. of salt in 8 oz. of water), adequate rest and fluid intake, and the use of a cool mist humidifier until symptoms are relieved.

19. Pharyngitis - March 15, 2004 - American Family Physician pharyngitis. Useful, wellvalidated clinical decision rules are available to help family physicians care for patients who present with pharyngitis. http://www.aafp.org/afp/20040315/1465.html

Advanced Search PROBLEM-ORIENTED DIAGNOSIS Pharyngitis MIRIAM T. VINCENT, M.D., M.S., NADHIA CELESTIN, M.D., and ANEELA N. HUSSAIN, M.D. State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York A PDF version of this document is available. Download PDF now (6 pages /99 KB). More information on using PDF files. See page 1437 for definitions of strength-of-evidence labels. P haryngitis is one of the most common conditions encountered by the family physician. The optimal approach for differentiating among various causes of pharyngitis requires a problem-focused history, a physical examination, and appropriate laboratory testing. Identifying the cause of pharyngitis, especially group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS), is important to prevent potential life-threatening complications. Epidemiology and Pathogenesis The 2000 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey found that acute pharyngitis accounts for 1.1 percent of visits in the primary care setting and is ranked in the top 20 reported primary diagnoses resulting in office visits. Peak seasons for sore throat include late winter and early spring.

20. Management Of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis - April 15, 2001 Management of Group A BetaHemolytic Streptococcal pharyngitis. 4,7. TABLE 1 Treatment Goals in Patients with Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal pharyngitis. http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010415/1557.html

Advanced Search Management of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis CYNTHIA S. HAYES, M.D., M.H.A., and HAROLD WILLIAMSON, JR., M.D., M.S.P.H. A patient information handout on strep throat, written by the authors of this article, is provided on page 1565. A PDF version of this document is available. Download PDF now (8 pages / 64 KB). More information on using PDF files. E very day, the family physician can expect to encounter at least one patient with a sore throat. Approximately 30 to 65 percent of pharyngitis cases are idiopathic, and 30 to 60 percent have a viral etiology (rhinovirus, adenovirus and many others). Only 5 to 10 percent of sore throats are caused by bacteria, with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci being the most common bacterial etiology. Other bacteria that occasionally cause pharyngitis include groups C and G streptococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae and Arcanobacterium haemolyticus See editorial on page 1486.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 1     1-20 of 102    1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | Next 20