1. Coma And Persistent Vegetative State By keywords Receive HealthLink via email! Subscribe now . Coma and PersistentVegetative State. A coma is a profound or deep state of unconsciousness. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/921394859.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Neurology By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Coma and Persistent Vegetative State A coma is a profound or deep state of unconsciousness. The affected individual is alive but is not able to react or respond to life around him/her. Coma may occur as an expected progression or complication of an underlying illness, or as a result of an event such as head trauma. A persistent vegetative state, which sometimes follows a coma, refers to a condition in which individuals have lost cognitive neurological function and awareness of the environment but retain noncognitive function and a perserved sleep-wake cycle. It is sometimes described as when a person is technically alive, but his/her brain is dead. However, that description is not completely accurate. In persistent vegetative state the individual loses the higher cerebral powers of the brain, but the functions of the brainstem, such as respiration (breathing) and circulation, remain relatively intact. Spontaneous movements may occur and the eyes may open in response to external stimuli, but the patient does not speak or obey commands. Patients in a vegetative state may appear somewhat normal. They may occasionally grimace, cry, or laugh. Is there any treatment?

2. Responding To Patients In The Persistent Vegetative State - An Ethical And Legal Responding to Patients in the persistent vegetative state. Donal P. O Mathuna,Ph.D. 40 Paul Schotsmans, The Patient in a persistent vegetative state. http://www.xenos.org/ministries/crossroads/donal/pvs.htm

What's New? Online Store About Xenos Home Groups ... Inner City T x Xenos Christian Fellowship Crossroads Home Xenos Online Journal... index issue 1 Xenos Summer Institute ... Cuisine Responding to Patients in the Persistent Vegetative State Donal P. O'Mathuna, Ph.D. Philosophia Christi 19.2 (Fall 1996): 55-83. This journal is a publication of the Evangelical Philosophical Society Modern medicine has provided people with many great benefits, but it has also forced people to make difficult ethical decisions. One of the hardest of these is to let a loved one die when medical technology could keep him or her alive. People must now decide if and when they would want certain treatments withheld or withdrawn from themselves or others. The ethical issues involved raise questions about autonomy, quality of life, appropriate use of resources, the wishes of family members, professional responsibilities, and many more. The withdrawing of food and fluids from patients in persistent vegetative state (PVS) is one of these tragic situations. This term was first coined in 1972, and the condition has since been the subject of much ethical and legal debate.

3. NINDS Coma Information Page Coma and persistent vegetative state information sheet compiled by theNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/coma_doc.htm

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Accessible version Science for the Brain The nation's leading supporter of biomedical research on disorders of the brain and nervous system Browse all disorders Browse all health organizations More about Coma, including Persistent Vegetative State Studies with patients Research literature Press releases Search NINDS... (help) Contact us My privacy NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health NINDS Coma Information Page Synonym(s): Persistent Vegetative State Reviewed 6-23-2003 Get Web page suited for printing Email this to a friend or colleague Table of Contents (click to jump to sections) What is Coma, including Persistent Vegetative State? Is there any treatment? What is the prognosis? What research is being done? ... Organizations What is Coma, including Persistent Vegetative State? A coma is a profound or deep state of unconsciousness. An individual in a state of coma is alive but unable to move or respond to his or her environment. Coma may occur as a complication of an underlying illness, or as a result of injuries, such as head trauma. A persistent vegetative state (commonly, but incorrectly, referred to as “brain-death”) sometimes follows a coma. Individuals in such a state have lost their thinking abilities and awareness of their surroundings, but retain non-cognitive function and normal sleep patterns. Even though those in a persistent vegetative state lose their higher brain functions, other key functions such as breathing and circulation remain relatively intact. Spontaneous movements may occur, and the eyes may open in response to external stimuli. They may even occasionally grimace, cry, or laugh. Although individuals in a persistent vegetative state may appear somewhat normal, they do not speak and they are unable to respond to commands.

4. Persistent Vegetative State persistent vegetative state (PVS) is subject to a high degree of error as a diagnosis,a high measure of confusion as to definitiuon, and an inflation of the http://www.thalidomide.ca/gwolbring/pvsilm.htm

THE PERMANENT VEGETATIVE STATE; ETHICAL CRUX, MEDICAL FICTION? By Chris Borthwick Abstract In 1994 a Multi-Society Task Force made up of representatives of the American Academy of Neurology, the Child Neurology Society, the American Neurological Association, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, and the American Academy of Pediatrics produced a Consensus Statement on the Medical Aspects of the Persistent Vegetative State (PVS). This Statement presents a picture of the degree of diagnostic certainty achievable in this area that is in many respects misleading. Its attempt to propose a condition called Permanent Vegetative State, which would be based on a high degree of medical certainty either that there is no further hope for recovery of consciousness or that, if consciousness were recovered, the patient would be left severely disabled, confuses two different issues. In 1994 a Multi-Society Task Force made up of representatives of the American Academy of Neurology, the Child Neurology Society, the American Neurological Association, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, and the American Academy of Pediatrics produced a Consensus Statement on the Medical Aspects of the Persistent Vegetative State (PVS). The vegetative state can be diagnosed according to the following criteria; (1) no evidence of awareness of self or environment and an inability to interact with others; (2) no evidence of sustained, reproducible, purposeful, or voluntary behavioural responses to visual, auditory, tactile, or noxious stimuli; (3) no evidence of language comprehension or expression; (4) intermittent wakefulness manifested by the presence of sleep-wake cycles; (5) sufficiently preserved hypothalamic and brain-stem autonomic function to permit survival with medical and nursing care; (6) bowel and bladder incontinence; and (7) variably preserved cranial-nerve reflexes (pupillary, oculophalic, corneal, vestibulo-ocular, and gag) and spinal reflexes..... A wakeful unconscious state that lasts longer than a few weeks is referred to as a persistent vegetative state.

5. Persistent Vegetative State/Permanent Vegetatative State persistent vegetative state/Permanent Vegetative State. 1) persistent vegetative state;A SYNDROME IN SEARCH OF A NAME, OR A JUDGEMENT IN SEARCH OF A SYNDROME? http://home.vicnet.net.au/~borth/PVS.htm

Persistent Vegetative State/Permanent Vegetative State Chris Borthwick may be contacted on cborthwick@vichealth.vic.gov.au He would be very interested to hear from anybody else studying the socioethics of PVS. Almost all medical ethicists discussing post-coma survival have been guilty of pernicious oversimplification of the medical background to their ideas. This oversimplification emerges clearly from any close reading of work on this topic. I have examined different aspects of this issue in articles for a number of journals in this area. PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; A SYNDROME IN SEARCH OF A NAME, OR A JUDGEMENT IN SEARCH OF A SYNDROME? ABSTRACT This paper is reprinted with thanks to the Monash Bioethics Review , where it first appeared (1995, April, 14, 2, 20-26) THE PROOF OF THE VEGETABLE; A COMMENTARY ON ETHICAL FUTILITY ABSTRACT This paper is reprinted with thanks to the Journal of Medical Ethics , where it first appeared (1995, August - 21 (4), 205-8) . THE PERMANENT VEGETATIVE STATE; ETHICAL CRUX, MEDICAL FICTION? ABSTRACT In 1994 a Multi-Society Task Force made up of representatives of the American Academy of Neurology, the Child Neurology Society, the American Neurological Association, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, and the American Academy of Pediatrics produced a Consensus Statement on the Medical Aspects of the Persistent Vegetative State (PVS). This Statement presents a picture of the degree of diagnostic certainty achievable in this area that is in many respects misleading. Its attempt to propose a condition called Permanent Vegetative State, which would be based on a high degree of medical certainty either that there is no further hope for recovery of consciousness or that, if consciousness were recovered, the patient would be left severely disabled, confuses two different issues.

6. The Persistent Vegetative State Addresses the medical facts, describes the landmark cases that have led to research into this condition, defends the position that it is ethical and moral to discontinue lifesustaining treatment of patients, and offers links to other sources of information concerning this condition. http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/Oasis/2919/

7. NEJM -- Medical Aspects Of The Persistent Vegetative State- First Of Two Parts Special Article from The New England Journal of Medicine Medical Aspects of the persistent vegetative state First of Two Parts The vegetative state is a clinical condition of complete unawarenessof the self and the environment We definepersistent vegetative state as a vegetative state present onemonth http://www.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/330/21/1499

HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Please sign in for full text and personal services Previous Volume 330:1499-1508 May 26, 1994 Number 21 Next The Multi-Society Task Force on PVS Full Text Letters Letters Add to Personal Archive ... PubMed Citation ABSTRACT This consensus statement of the Multi-Society Task Force summarizes current knowledge of the medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state in adults and children. The vegetative state is a clinical condition of complete unawareness of the self and the environment, accompanied by sleep-wake cycles, with either complete or partial preservation of hypothalamic and brain-stem autonomic functions. In addition, patients in a vegetative state show no evidence of sustained, reproducible, purposeful, or voluntary behavioral responses to visual, auditory, tactile, or noxious stimuli; show no evidence of language comprehension or expression; have bowel and bladder incontinence; and have variably preserved cranial-nerve and spinal reflexes. We define persistent vegetative state as a vegetative state present one month after acute traumatic or nontraumatic brain injury or lasting for at least one month in patients with degenerative or metabolic disorders or developmental malformations.

8. The Crossroads Project - Explain And Defend The Christian Message In Today's Cul This article was published in Philosophia Christi 19.2 (Fall 1996) 5583. This journal is a publication of the Evangelical Philosophical Society. http://www.crossrds.org/donal/pvs.htm

What's New? Online Store About Xenos Home Groups ... Inner City T x Xenos Christian Fellowship Crossroads Home Xenos Online Journal... index issue 1 Xenos Summer Institute ... Cuisine The Crossroads Project Helping the church at large effectively explain and defend the Christian message in today's culture. Xenos Online Journal Genesis and the religion of primitive man. Multimedia presentations, book reviews, and scholarly articles designed to help witnessing Christians speak effectively to their culture. Xenos Online Journal Xenos Summer Institute - July 2001 Dale Galloway "Knit together in love" - this is the biblical ideal for Christian community. But how do we get there? Join Dale Galloway, Leith Anderson, and Gary DeLashmutt as they explore how the local church can foster Christian community in a fragmented culture through home groups.

9. Catholic Culture : Persistent Vegetative State (Document) An article which briefly explains what is meant by the expression, a "persistent vegetative state". to include persons in "persistent vegetative state" (PVS) in order to discontinue http://www.petersnet.net/research/retrieve.cfm?RecNum=831

10. NOTES ON THE PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE: NOTES ON THE persistent vegetative state The persistent vegetative state (PVS) is characterized by permanent unconsciousness even though the patient may appear awake. This person can undergo sleep http://www.ee.cua.edu/~georgvis/religion/olga/PVS.htm

NOTES ON THE PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE: The Persistent Vegetative State (PVS) is characterized by permanent unconsciousness even though the patient may appear awake. This person can undergo sleep cycleshe/she is unaware of his/her environment. the higher centers of the brain are destroyedthe lower centers are intact. The patient is insensitive to pain and suffering. In 1972PVS was identified as a new syndrome. Many doctors donít understand the neurology surrounding this diagnosis. The higher centers of the brain such as the cerebral cortex are associated with thinking and feeling. The lower centers of the brain such as the brain stemcontrols such functions such as the opening of the eyes. The higher centers are destroyed because of a higher rate of metabolism of glucose and oxygen. We need a constant supply of thiswhile the lower centers are more resistant to deprivation in this area. This diagnosis is done clinicallyone must establish whether it is due to a lack of oxygen to the brain of if it is a result of a head injury. With the latterespecially in childrenthe full diagnosis may take 6 to 8 months. PVS is an extremely reliable diagnosis though it is not 100% sure. There are some rare cases where people do emerge from a state identified as PVS.

11. COMA-L A list offering support and information to people who have a loved one in a coma or PVS (persistent vegetative state). Provides subscription instructions and archived postings. http://www.lsoft.com/scripts/wl.exe?SL1=COMA-L&H=LISTSERV.TBINET.ORG

12. Persistent Vegetative State - Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention home neurological disorders brain diseases chronic damage persistentvegetative state persistent vegetative state. Information http://www.healthcyclopedia.com/neurological-disorders/brain-diseases/chronic-da

Home Health cyclopedia All Topics by Category The Good Health Search Engine Health Conditions A-Z Gurus ... chronic damage > persistent vegetative state Persistent Vegetative State Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention External links (marked with an arrow ) open in a new window. This site is a web directory and does not offer medical advice. We cannot take responsibility for information found on listed sites. This Page Medical Definition Health News Web Directory: Medical Definition: University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Medical Dictionary: "persistent vegetative state" Health News: Search millions of published articles for news on Persistent Vegetative State Modern Medicine Aging The Ardell Wellness Report HealthFacts Medical Post Medical Update Men's Health and the National Women's Health Report Note: Subscription required to access the full text of articles. Web Directory: MCW HealthLink A look at coma and persistent vegetative state. Includes a discussion on treatments and prognosis. NINDS Information Page Coma and persistent vegetative state data compiled by The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Responding to Patients in the Persistent Vegetative State - An Ethical and Legal Dilemma.

13. Persistent Vegetative State persistent vegetative state. Leif Gustafson. Introduction. Persistent vegetativestate (PVS) has been at the center of much controversy in recent years. http://www.cwu.edu/~chem/courses/Chem564/finalpapers/PVSfinal.html

Persistent Vegetative State Leif Gustafson March 15, 2000 Introduction Determining PVS This definition includes difficult to define terms such as awareness, and this problematic definition has led some people to question the validity of the syndrome. It has also lead to problems in the diagnosis of PVS. The crux of the problem lies in the determination of a person’s internal mental state using external proof. Different tests have been used in an attempt to determine criteria for its diagnosis, because in using conventional methods of observation of function it takes weeks to diagnose a patient as being in PVS. Glucose metabolism, EEG, CT scans, and positron-emission tomography (PET) have all been used to increase understanding and diagnostic ability for PVS. However, information from these tests have not been able to provide any conclusive diagnostic information. It is possible that these tests or a combination of them will be useful as diagnostic tools in the future, but more data must be collected before any determinations can be made. This lack of diagnostic certainty has led to the misdiagnosis of many patients as being PVS when they actually are not. One study showed that in a sample of 62 patients in nursing homes who were diagnosed with PVS eleven had been misdiagnosed and another study showed that eighteen of 49 patients were misdiagnosed (Borthwick). These errors have come from the lack of information about the criteria that are necessary for a person to be considered PVS as well as a lack of time and methods used for determining a patient as having PVS.

14. NEJM -- Medical Aspects Of The Persistent Vegetative State- First Of Two Parts Special Article from The New England Journal of Medicine MedicalAspects of the persistent vegetative state First of Two Parts. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/21/1499

HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Please sign in for full text and personal services Previous Volume 330:1499-1508 May 26, 1994 Number 21 Next The Multi-Society Task Force on PVS Full Text Letters Letters Add to Personal Archive ... PubMed Citation ABSTRACT This consensus statement of the Multi-Society Task Force summarizes current knowledge of the medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state in adults and children. The vegetative state is a clinical condition of complete unawareness of the self and the environment, accompanied by sleep-wake cycles, with either complete or partial preservation of hypothalamic and brain-stem autonomic functions. In addition, patients in a vegetative state show no evidence of sustained, reproducible, purposeful, or voluntary behavioral responses to visual, auditory, tactile, or noxious stimuli; show no evidence of language comprehension or expression; have bowel and bladder incontinence; and have variably preserved cranial-nerve and spinal reflexes. We define persistent vegetative state as a vegetative state present one month after acute traumatic or nontraumatic brain injury or lasting for at least one month in patients with degenerative or metabolic disorders or developmental malformations.

15. World Medical Association WMA policy Statement on persistent vegetative state. Includes a definition, recovery and guidelines. http://www.wma.net/e/policy/17-v_e.html

WORLD MEDICAL ASSOCIATION DECLARATION OF HELSINKI This page has moved ! New link is: http://www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm Please update your bookmarks.

16. NEJM -- The Persistent Vegetative State Correspondence from The New England Journal of Medicine The PersistentVegetative State. Next Next. The persistent vegetative state. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/331/20/1380

HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Please sign in for full text and personal services Previous Volume 331:1380-1381 November 17, 1994 Number 20 Next The Persistent Vegetative State Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings. Full Text Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager E-mail When Cited ... Find Similar Articles To the Editor: The duration of survival cited for persons in a persistent vegetative state in the two-part review by the Multi-Society Task Force on PVS (May 26 and June 2 issues) may not reflect the actual chances of a patient's surviving with good care. Physiologically, patients with the locked-in syndrome do not differ much from patients in a persistent vegetative state. But because the consciousness of the former is intact, their care givers may treat them very differently. My colleagues and I followed a cohort of 27 persons who remained in the locked-in state for more than one Full Text of this Article References HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Comments and questions? Please

17. NeuroGate.com COMA Including persistent vegetative state National Institutes of Health Bethesda 1997 COMA including persistent vegetative state Index What are coma and persistent vegetative http://www.neurogate.com/neuro/result.php3?search=Persistent Vegetative State&am

18. The Invention Of Persistent Vegetative State persistent vegetative state; A SYNDROME IN SEARCH OF A NAME, OR A JUDGEMENTIN SEARCH OF A SYNDROME? Chris Borthwick. It is now over http://home.vicnet.net.au/~borth/PVSPLUM.HTM

PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; A SYNDROME IN SEARCH OF A NAME, OR A JUDGEMENT IN SEARCH OF A SYNDROME? Chris Borthwick It is a term that has been widely used since, and the mantraps and spring guns that were built into the definition at the outset are still dangerous. Definitions decided on at the outset have channelled the debate ever since, and are still influential. It is important to re-examine the first steps in this area to see why that course was adopted then and why it is still directing us now. Jennet and Plum noted in 1972 that new methods of treatment were permitting the survival of patients with devastating brain damage resulting from such insults as head trauma, brainstem stroke, or hypoxia - conditions that would previously have resulted in rapid death. They saw this situation as creating a need for a new term. A situation, however, is not necessarily the same thing as a condition, and the situation could have been given a name that did not bring it within the medical diagnostic framework. The contribution of Jennet and Plum was to ensure that the ìconditions that were formerly fatalî were henceforward to be in practical terms one condition, or one state, and not many. The defintion was a response to a perceived need for simplicity.

19. Introduction: Persistent Vegetative State - WrongDiagnosis.com Introduction to persistent vegetative state as a medical condition includingsymptoms, diagnosis, misdiagnosis, treatment, prevention, and prognosis. http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/p/persistent_vegetative_state/intro.htm

Diseases IMPORTANT! Use of this site is subject to our and Home Symptoms Diseases Risks Search: We show you all these ads in order to provide this free site; give your feedback WrongDiagnosis TM Premium Report: Diabetes Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis Available Now! Condition Lists By Organ By Symptom By Class By Prevalence ... List A-Z Current chapter: Persistent Vegetative State Next sections Basic Summary for Persistent Vegetative State Prognosis of Persistent Vegetative State Causes of Persistent Vegetative State Symptoms of Persistent Vegetative State ... Complications of Persistent Vegetative State Next chapters: Corticobasal Degeneration Cytomegalic Inclusion Body Disease Infant Cytomegalic virus Dermatomyositis ... Feedback Introduction: Persistent Vegetative State Persistent Vegetative State: Physically alive with basic mental function but without high mental capacity. Persistent Vegetative State: A persistent vegetative state, which sometimes follows a coma, refers to a condition in which individuals have lost cognitive neurological function and awareness of the environment but retain noncognitive function and a perserved sleep-wake cycle. It is sometimes described as when a person is technically alive, but his/her brain is dead. However, that description is not completely accurate. Contents for Persistent Vegetative State: Basic Summary for Persistent Vegetative State Prognosis of Persistent Vegetative State Causes of Persistent Vegetative State Symptoms of Persistent Vegetative State ... Treatments for Persistent Vegetative State Footnotes:

20. NPR : Recovering From A 'Persistent Vegetative State' Disability rights activist Rus CooperDowda, who had once been diagnosed as beingin a persistent vegetative state, shares her perspective on the Terri http://www.npr.org/rundowns/segment.php?wfId=1476505

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