61. Peripheral Neuropathy MMNCB). 2 Finally, a host of hereditary polyneuropathies may causea wide range of peripheral neuropathy syndromes (Table 4). This http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/diseasemanagement/neurology/pneuro/pneuro.ht

Published February 9, 2004 Robert W. Shields, Jr, MD Department of Neurology Print Chapter The Cleveland Clinic Foundation The peripheral nervous system can be involved in a wide range of medical disorders with various pathophysiologies (Table 1) It may be affected by numerous toxins, both drugs (Table 2) and industrial agents (Table 3) chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), and multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block syndrome (MMNCB). Finally, a host of hereditary polyneuropathies may cause a wide range of peripheral neuropathy syndromes (Table 4) This diverse array of possible etiologies can make the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies quite challenging. Nevertheless, diagnosis can be facilitated with a systematic approach that classifies the peripheral neuropathy on the basis of clinical features, taking into account the type of peripheral nerve fiber that may be involved ( ie, sensory, motor, or autonomic), the distribution or pattern of peripheral nerve-fiber involvement (ie, generalized and symmetric versus asymmetric and multifocal), and lastly, the mode of evolution (ie, acute, subacute, or chronic). Definition Prevalence Pathophysiology Signs and ... References DEFINITION Peripheral neuropathy, in the broadest sense, refers to a scope of clinical syndromes

62. Virtual Hospital: Cancer: Peripheral Neuropathy In Persons With Cancer For Patients. peripheral neuropathy In Persons With Cancer. Peer ReviewStatus 2004 What is peripheral neuropathy? peripheral neuropathy http://www.vh.org/adult/patient/cancercenter/peripheralneuropathy/

For Patients Peripheral Neuropathy In Persons With Cancer Peer Review Status: Internally Reviewed by Cancer Center Staff First Published: January 2004 Last Revised: January 2004 What is peripheral neuropathy? Peripheral neuropathy is a term used to describe sick or injured nerves. The word peripheral means away from the center. In this case, it means the nerves that connect the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to the muscles, skin, and internal organs. What causes peripheral neuropathy? Many diseases and conditions can cause nerve damage. The common causes are diabetes, alcoholism, vitamin deficiencies, HIV infection, and cancer. In persons with cancer, radiation treatments, chemotherapy or the cancer can be the cause of the nerve damage. This article is written primarily for persons who have developed peripheral neuropathy in the setting of cancer. How will I know if I have peripheral neuropathy? Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy depend on the type of nerve(s) affected and where the nerve is located in the body. More than one type of nerve can be damaged. If nerves to the skin are affected: Numbness and tingling (pins and needle feeling) A feeling you are wearing an invisible glove or sock Extreme sensitivity to touch Burning feeling in toes or fingers Freezing feeling in toes or fingers If the nerves to the internal organs are affected: Constipation Bladder difficulties Sexual dysfunction If nerves to the muscles are affected: Muscle weakness (turning a knob) Muscle cramping

63. Virtual Hospital: Health Prose: Peripheral Neuropathy peripheral neuropathy A Combination of Conditions. Tingling hands orfeet + pain + hypersensitivity + numbness = peripheral neuropathy. http://www.vh.org/adult/patient/familymedicine/prose/peripheralneuropathy.html

For Patients Health Prose: A One-Minute Update for Your Health Peripheral Neuropathy: A Combination of Conditions University of Iowa Health Science Relations First Published: November 2000 Last Revised: September 2003 Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed It's not a very inviting recipe. Tingling hands or feet + pain + hypersensitivity + numbness = peripheral neuropathy. But it is part of the recipe of life for many Americans. Peripheral neuropathy is not a specific disease but a combination of several conditions that damage the peripheral nerves that carry signals between the brain and the muscles and skin. It often causes pain, tingling, hypersensitivity, or numbness in an arm or leg. There are many causes for peripheral neuropathy, and age is one of them. Three to four percent of Americans over the age of 55 are affected by this multi-symptom condition. Other causes include Lyme disease, HIV, alcoholism, B12 deficiency, or diabetes. In fact, diabetes is one of the most common causes of peripheral neuropathy. "When I examine an older person and see some of the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, I look at how it will affect that person's ability to function on a day-to-day basis," says Matthew Lanternier, M.D., UI Family Care, Southeast Iowa City. "Does it affect the number of falls the patient has or what they are capable of doing for themselves."

64. Peripheral Neuropathy peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological disorder resulting from damageto the peripheral nerves. Subscribe now . peripheral neuropathy. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/921448615.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Neurology By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Peripheral Neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological disorder resulting from damage to the peripheral nerves. It may be caused by diseases of the nerves or as the result of systemic illnesses. Many neuropathies have well-defined causes such as diabetes, uremia, or nutritional deficiencies. In fact, diabetes is one of the most common causes of peripheral neuropathy. Other causes include mechanical pressure such as compression or entrapment, direct trauma, penetrating injuries, contusions, fracture or dislocated bones; pressure involving the superficial nerves (ulna, radial, or peroneal) which can result from prolonged use of crutches or staying in one position for too long, or from a tumor; intraneural hemorrhage; exposure to cold or radiation; and vascular or collagen disorders such as atherosclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and polyarteritis nodosa. A common example of entrapment neuropathy is carpal tunnel syndrome, which has become more common because of the increasing use of computers. Although the causes of peripheral neuropathy are diverse, they produce common symptoms including weakness, numbness, paresthesia (abnormal sensations such as burning, tickling, pricking or tingling) and pain in the arms, hands, legs and/or feet. A large number of cases are of unknown cause.

65. HIV Report July 2002: Peripheral Neuropathy And HIV An article about peripheral neuropathy and its affects on the treatmentof HIV by Michael J. Polydefkis, MD. peripheral neuropathy and HIV. http://www.hopkins-aids.edu/publications/report/july02_4.html

2002 Table of Contents Peripheral Neuropathy and HIV By Michael J. Polydefkis, M.D. Peripheral Neuropathies other than HIV Associated Sensory Neuropathies The HIV Associated Sensory Neuropathies Conclusions Chart: Prevelance of HIV-Associated Neurological Conditions Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort per 100 persons Peripheral nerve damage is one of the most common neurological complications of HIV infection and its treatment. Of these, the distal sensory neuropathies, which occur in the advanced stages of HIV disease, are the most common, affecting approximately 30% of AIDS patients. It is important, however, to recognize that other forms of peripheral nerve disease occur in HIV infection. Many are caused by other infectious agents and are therefore potentially treatable. This article will briefly review less common forms of peripheral nerve injury in HIV and will then focus on the HIV associated sensory neuropathies. [Return to top Peripheral Neuropathies other than HIV Associated Sensory Neuropathies CIDP (Chronic inflammatory demyelin-ating polyneuropathy) may also be the presenting illness for HIV disease and generally occurs with CD4 counts between 200-500 cells/mm . This condition can be thought of as a chronic form of GBS. Patients typically have absent or reduced reflexes as well as patchy numbness and weakness. CSF examination often shows a mild mononuclear pleocytosis in addition to an elevated protein. Treatment centers on immunomodulation and is potentially problematic in the setting of HIV disease given the pre-existing immuno-suppression. Corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, IVIG and cyclosporin have all been used successfully. No clear guidelines for anti-retroviral therapy exist, though it seems prudent to avoid potentially neurotoxic agents.

66. AllRefer Health - Peripheral Neuropathy (Neuritis - Peripheral, Neuropathy - Per peripheral neuropathy (Neuritis Peripheral, Neuropathy - Peripheral, PeripheralNeuritis) information center covers causes, prevention, symptoms, diagnosis http://health.allrefer.com/health/peripheral-neuropathy-info.html

AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Colon Cancer Depression Diabetes Gallbladder Disease Heart Attack Hepatitis High Cholesterol HIV/AIDS Hypertension Lung Cancer Menopause Migraines/Headaches Osteoporosis Pneumonia Prostate Cancer SARS Stroke Urinary Tract Infection 1600+ More Conditions Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia You are here : AllRefer.com Health Peripheral Neuropathy Peripheral Neuropathy Definition Prevention Treatment Expectations or Prognosis ... Go To Main Page Alternate Names : Neuritis - Peripheral, Neuropathy - Peripheral, Peripheral Neuritis Definition Peripheral neuropathy is failure of the nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord. This produces symptoms like pain, loss of sensation, and inability to control muscles. ("Neuro" = nerves, "pathy" = abnormal; "peripheral" = nerves beyond the brain and spinal cord.) Nervous System Central Nervous System The peripheral nerves are responsible for relaying information from your central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to muscles and other organs. Peripheral nerves also relay information back to your spinal cord and brain from your skin, joints, and other organs. Peripheral neuropathy occurs when these nerves fail to function properly, resulting in loss of sensation, pain, or inability to control muscles.

67. AIDS Fact Sheet: Peripheral Neuropathy AIDS InfoNet peripheral neuropathy. WHAT IS peripheral neuropathy? Peripheralneuropathy (PN) is a disease of the nerves. The peripheral http://www.aids.org/factSheets/555-Peripheral-Neuropathy.html

Click here to Help Donate to AIDS.ORG Information FactSheets Peripheral Neuropathy WHAT IS PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY? WHAT CAUSES NEUROPATHY? HOW IS NEUROPATHY TREATED? OTHER RESOURCES ... THE BOTTOM LINE WHAT IS PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY? Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a disease of the nerves. The peripheral nerves are all the nerves except for the brain and spinal cord. About 30% of people with HIV develop PN. Some PN is a breakdown of the nerve endings (axons.) They send sensations to the brain. Sometimes, PN is damage to the coating of nerve fibers (myelin). This affects the transmission of pain signals to the brain. PN can be a minor nuisance or a disabling weakness. It usually shows up as a feeling of pins and needles, burning, stiffness, or numbness in the feet and toes. It can also be tickling sensations, pain when there's no reason for it, or sensations that seem more intense than normal. PN symptoms can come and go. Serious PN can cause difficulty walking or standing. WHAT CAUSES NEUROPATHY? PN can be caused by HIV infection of nerve cells, by

68. PNweb Peripheral Neuropathy Web Resources Index peripheral neuropathy Web Resources PNweb HIVRelated PeripheralNeuropathy - an Overview Links to all pages Email site manager http://www.pn.uku.co.uk/

Peripheral Neuropathy Web Resources PN web HIV-Related Peripheral Neuropathy - an Overview Links to all pages Email site manager with information and comment Please note: where information refers to neuropathy caused by reasons unconnected with HIV or HIV drugs, the relevance of that information has not been determined. Last updated: Friday, 12th July, 2002

69. Peripheral Neuropathy, Numbness And Tingling - Online Diagnosis. New Treatments, Online diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy, numbness and tingling basedon the patient s symptoms. New Treatments, March 2, 2004. http://www.medical-library.org/journals/mddx/peripheral_neurop/1_peripheral_neur

Online Medical Diagnosis The National Medical Society Peripheral Neuropathy, Numbness and Tingling - Online Diagnosis Online diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy, numbness and tingling based on the patient's symptoms. New Treatments, March 2, 2004. For how many days or weeks has the numbness or tingling been present? Does the patient have weakness? Yes No Does the patient have tingling? Yes No Does the patient have pain? Yes No Does the patient have headaches? Yes No Does the patient have fatigue? Yes No Judith Harper, MD back to the library Online Diagnosis of Symptoms and Medical Diseases Online Diagnosis of Psychiatric Disorders Online Treatment Advisor and New Treatments ... Diagnosis by Disease This interactive medical program finds a diagnosis for numb, numbness, tingling, pins and needles, numb, peripheral neuropathy.

70. Clinical Trial: Amifostine In Treating Peripheral Neuropathy In Patients Who Hav Amifostine in Treating peripheral neuropathy in Patients Who Have Received Chemotherapyfor Gynecologic Malignancy. This study is currently recruiting patients. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00058071?order=85

71. Clinical Trial: LY333531 Treatment For Symptomatic Peripheral Neuropathy In Pati LY333531 Treatment for Symptomatic peripheral neuropathy in Patients withDiabetes. This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsored by. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00044408?order=1

72. PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY peripheral neuropathy. Written This is called neuropathy and when itinvolves the extremities it is called peripheral neuropathy . This http://www.acor.org/diseases/hematology/MPD/neurop.html

PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY Written by Harrriet S. Gilbert, M.D. to MPD-NET Discussion/Support Group 1997 Sorry to hear about your burning toes. This can be a terrible symptom because of its persistence. In patients with elevated platelets and /or hematocrits the microcirculation may be affected and the patient may experience "dysesthesias" or "paresthesias"(abnormal and uncomfortable sensations in response to stimuli that are not there - such as burning, numbness, tingling, pain) of the terminal digits (fingers, toes). The same symptoms can accompany disturbances of the nerves that supply those areas. This is called "neuropathy" and when it involves the extremities it is called "peripheral neuropathy". This occurs in many diseases and is a sign of nerve inflammation. Interferon may produce neuropathy. The treatment of peripheral neuropathy is difficult. If you stopped the IFN you might or might not get relief but your heme/onc doctor must make that decision. Stopping might put you at greater risk than having peripheral neuropathy. There are some medications that can be used to diminish or disappear the sensations, such as Elavil. You might ask your doctor about this. There is also a topical medicine called Zostrix that may help. Please let me know what happens.

73. Mikko Kärppä. Myopathy And Peripheral Neuropathy Associated With The 3243A>G M Mikko Kärppä. Myopathy and peripheral neuropathy associatedwith the 3243A G mutation in mitochondrial DNA. http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514273648/

Library units Collections Electronic collections Library services ... index.html Myopathy and peripheral neuropathy associated with the 3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA Mikko Kärppä Department of Neurology, University of Oulu Academic Dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, for public discussion in the Auditorium 8 of Oulu University Hospital, on May 19th, 2004, at 12 noon. University of Oulu Reviewed by Professor Laurence Bindoff Docent Bjarne Udd UNIVERSITY OF OULU, OULU FINLAND 2004 ISBN 951-42-7364-8 URN:ISBN:9514273648 Abstract Keywords: 3243A>G mutation, heteroplasmy, MELAS, mitochondrial DNA, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy, phenotype Publication in Adobe PDF-format 1.06 MB This publication is available in printed form Acta Universitatis Ouluensis Medica D 787 ISBN 951-42-7363-X ISSN 0355-3221 Other publications from University of Oulu Electronic publications from University of Oulu Main page of the serie Acta Universitatis Ouluensis Medica Homepage of the Oulu University Library OULA - Online Library Catalogue - WWW LINDA - Online Library Catalogue Elaine - Database of Electronic journals Main Library Snellmania Library Libraries of the Department of Teacher Education Early Childhood Education Library Library of the Kajaani Dep. of Teacher Education

74. Peripheral Neuropathy Tremor peripheral neuropathy Tremor, Book, Home Page. http://www.fpnotebook.com/NEU250.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice document.write(code); Advertisement Neurology Tremor Assorted Pages Tremor Action Tremor Cerebellar Tremor Postural Tremor ... Thalamotomy Peripheral Neuropathy Tremor Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology General Medicine Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter Neurology Index Autonomic Cerebellum Chorea Cranial Nerve Cognitive CSF Cardiovascular Medicine Demyelinating Dermatology Disability Examination Ophthalmology Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Headache Infectious Disease Laboratory General Level of Consciousness Motor Obstetrics Pediatrics Pharmacology Procedure Psychiatry Radiology Seizure Sensory Sports Medicine Surgery Tremor Page Tremor Index Approach Action Action Cerebellar Postural Postural Alcohol Withdrawal Postural Essential Postural Neuropathy Postural Orthostatic Postural Physiologic Psychogenic Rest Rest Parkinsons Rest Parkinsons Resources Causes Idiopathic Demyelination Immunoglobulin M Paraproteinemic Neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Diabetes Mellitus Uremia Porphyria Pathophysiology Postural Tremor similar to Essential Tremor Management Identify Neuropathy cause Medications Propranolol Primidone Benzodiazepine Baclofen (Lioresal) Search other websites for this topic Search National Library of Medicine PubMed for related

75. Peripheral Neuropathy Testing peripheral neuropathy Testing SemmesWeinstein 10-g. See Also DiabetesMellitus. Indications Diabetes Mellitus peripheral neuropathy Testing. http://www.fpnotebook.com/NEU104.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice document.write(code); Advertisement Neurology Examination Cranial Nerve ... Agnosia Peripheral Neuropathy Testing Two Point Discrimination Assorted Pages Neurologic Exam Oculovestibular Testing NIH Stroke Scale Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen ... Dysarthria Peripheral Neuropathy Testing Semmes-Weinstein 10-g 5.07-Gauge Monofilament Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology General Medicine Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter Neurology Index Autonomic Cerebellum Chorea Cranial Nerve Cognitive CSF Cardiovascular Medicine Demyelinating Dermatology Disability Examination Ophthalmology Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Headache Infectious Disease Laboratory General Level of Consciousness Motor Obstetrics Pediatrics Pharmacology Procedure Psychiatry Radiology Seizure Sensory Sports Medicine Surgery Tremor Page Examination Index Approach CN CN 1 CN 2 CN 3 CN 4 CN 5 CN 6 CN 7 CN 8 CN 9 CN 10 CN 11 CN 12 Cognitive Aphasia Cognitive Apraxia Cognitive Executive Function Cognitive Higher Cognitive Memory Cognitive Mental Status Cognitive Mental Status ACE Cognitive Mental Status Mini Cognitive Mental Status Screening Cognitive NPIQ Cognitive Test CAM Cold Calorics CV CVA Assess Hospital NIH Score

76. More Insight Into Peripheral Neuropathy --- HealthandAge More Insight into peripheral neuropathy. More Insight into peripheral neuropathy.Robert W. Griffith, MD August 10, 2001 (Reviewed August 4, 2003). http://www.healthandage.com/Home/gid2=1239

June 3, 2004 Home Health Centers HealthandAge Network Caregivers' Center ... Primer on Aging Choose Font Size Normal Large Extra Large More Insight into Peripheral Neuropathy More Insight into Peripheral Neuropathy Robert W. Griffith, MD August 10, 2001 (Reviewed: August 4, 2003) Many of you are familiar with John Senneff's first book '"Numb Toes and Aching Soles", which gave a victim's-eye-view of peripheral neuropathy. He has now written a second book, covering in greater detail the newer approaches to pain management, with particular emphasis on so-called 'alternative therapy' and nutrient supplementation. According to the Neuropathy Association, there are 22 million people in the USA suffering from peripheral neuropathy; over 2 million of them have their lifestyle seriously compromised by the disease. Obviously, treatment should be directed at any cause discovered in individual sufferers. However, the search for a cause is often quickly outstripped by the longing to be pain-free. The need for effective pain relief measures is great, even if they sometimes yield disappointing results. After a chapter discussing the physiology of neuropathic pain, Senneff analyses what is known today about pain medications. It's important to realize that classical analgesics (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin and ibuprofen) have less to offer peripheral neuropathy subjects than drugs originally intended for other conditions - the antidepressants, anticonvulsants, anti-arrythmics, and antispasmodics. The enormous range of medications that have been tried, often with success, and the numerous combinations and formulations tested, indicate the rather poor outcome that traditional medicine has to offer, in many cases.

77. Peripheral Neuropathy Underdiagnosed peripheral neuropathy Underdiagnosed. Charlene Laino. June 18, 2003(New Orleans) — Both generalists and specialists are more likely http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/457506

78. Neuropathy: Online Reference For Health Concerns Thus, neuropathy is often referred to as peripheral neuropathy. When an individualhas a peripheral neuropathy, nerves of the PNS have been damaged. http://www.lef.org/protocols/prtcl-082.shtml

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79. CancerBACUP : Peripheral Neuropathy Information on the condition of peripheral neuropathy which is developed by manypeople with cancer or undergoing cancer treatments. peripheral neuropathy. http://www.cancerbacup.org.uk/Resourcessupport/Controllingsymptoms/Peripheralneu

@import "/stylesheet-site.css"; Search Peripheral neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy is a term used to describe changes in the way that particular nerves work. Many people who have cancer, or cancer treatments, may develop peripheral neuropathy. This section gives information about the condition. We hope that all your questions will be answered, but if you would like any further information please contact CancerBACUP’s experienced cancer nurses. As well as giving specific cancer information, they can provide details of useful organisations throughout the country, which offer help and support to you and the people closest to you. The nervous system Peripheral neuropathy Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy, cancer and its treatments ... Your feelings The nervous system In order to understand peripheral neuropathy it is helpful to know how the nervous system works. The nervous system is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and a complicated network of nerves that thread throughout the body. It has two main divisions: the Central Nervous System (CNS) which consists of the brain and spinal cord the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) which consists of nerves that carry messages between the brain, spinal cord and the rest of the body (such as the arms and legs, hands and feet).

80. Cleveland Clinic > Neuroscience > What We Treat > Nerve And Muscle Disease > Per Introduction The terms “peripheral neuropathy” and “polyneuropathy”encompass a wide spectrum of disorders that affect peripheral nerves. http://www.clevelandclinic.org/neuroscience/treat/nerve/neuropathies.htm

Contact Us Appointments What We Treat About Us ... Related Links Information for Health Care Professionals Continuing Medical Education Nerve and Muscle Disease Peripheral Neuropathies Introduction Peripheral neuropathies can be hereditary (passed within families) or acquired. Hereditary neuropathies often have characteristic clinical, electrodiagnostic, and genetic markers. An example of a hereditary neuropathy is Charcot-Marie Tooth (CMT) disease or hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy (HSMN). Acquired neuropathies, on the other hand, are more common and can be more difficult to diagnose. The most common cause of acquired polyneuropathy is diabetes mellitus. Other causes include Guillain-Barre syndrome or acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), nerve compression, nutritional deficiencies, organ failure, tumors, and a variety of generalized disorders (including, but not limited to amyloidosis, connective tissue diseases, and vasculitis). Diagnosis Treatment The treatment of peripheral neuropathies depends on the underlying cause. For instance, therapy for peripheral neuropathy caused by diabetes involves control of the diabetes. A multi-disciplinary approach is used for all peripheral neuropathies, including treatment of pain and maintenance of strength and flexibility. This is accomplished by using appropriate neuropathic medications, immune-modulating agents (such as corticosteroids, azathioprine, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, and rituximab), IVIG, therapeutic apheresis, and physical and occupational therapy.

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