1. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pellagra pellagra. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000342.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Pellagra Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Illustrations Food guide pyramid Alternative names Return to top Vitamin deficiency - niacin; Deficiency - niacin Definition Return to top Pellagra is a disease that occurs when a person does not get enough niacin (one of the B complex vitamins) or tryptophan (an amino acid) in their diet. It can also occur if the body fails to absorb these nutrients. The disease is common in certain parts of the world (in people consuming large quantities of corn). It is characterized by scaly skin sores, diarrhea, inflamed mucous membranes, and mental confusion and delusions. It may develop after gastrointestinal diseases or alcoholism. Update Date: 4/26/2003 Health Topics Drug Information Encyclopedia Dictionary ... National Institutes of Health Page last updated: 11 May 2004

2. NIACIN Pellagra Dementia Deficiencies pellagra, the classic niacin deficiency disease, is characterized by bilateral India, China, and Africa. pellagra is often associated with other micronutrient http://www.eagle-min.com/faq/faq100.htm

Toll Free 1 888 441 4184 SupraLife Online Shopping cart Niacin Niacin (nicotinic acid or nicotinamide) is essential in the form of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NAD phosphate (NADP) in which the nicotinamide moiety acts as an electron acceptor or hydrogen donor in many biological redox reactions. NAD functions as an electron carrier for intracellular respiration, as well as a codehydrogenase with enzymes involved in the oxidation of fuel molecules. NADP functions as a hydrogen donor in reductive biosyntheses such as in fatty acid and steroid syntheses and, like NAD, as a codehydrogenase. Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are rapidly absorbed from the stomach or the intestine. Nicotinamide, the major form in the bloodstream, arises from enzymatic hydrolysis of NADP in the intestinal mucosa and liver. It is transported to tissues that synthesize their own NAD as needed. Niacin and NAD are biosynthesized from dietary tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway and quinolinic acid. Excess niacin is excreted in the urine primarily as N -methylnicotinamide and N -methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide.

3. EMedicine - Pellagra : Article By Kumaravel Rajakumar, MD pellagra pellagra defines the systemic disease resulting from niacin deficiency. Don Gasper Casal, a Spanish court physician, first described pellagra. In 1735, Casal observed cases of pellagra http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1755.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Nutrition Pellagra Last Updated: June 25, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: niacin deficiency, Alpine scurvy, maidism, mal de la rosa, mal rosso, mayidism, psychoneurosis maidica, Saint Ignatius itch, Saint Ignatius' itch, maize, corn AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Kumaravel Rajakumar, MD , Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Kumaravel Rajakumar, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association , and American Academy of Pediatrics Editor(s): Steven Schwarz, MD , Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, Long Island College Hospital; Professor of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center; Robert Konop, PharmD

4. A Science Odyssey: People And Discoveries: Pellagra Shown To Be Dietary Disease pellagra shown to be dietary disease 1915 Photo Man with pellagra on arms. In 1914, the surgeon general appointed him to tackle the crisis of pellagra. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm15pa.html

Pellagra shown to be dietary disease Photo: Man with Pellagra on arms By 1912, Joseph Goldberger had been a member of the U.S. Public Health Service for 13 years. In 1914, the surgeon general appointed him to tackle the crisis of pellagra. Pellagra had been a low-level problem throughout the South for years, but crop failures and an economic downturn had raised it to epidemic proportions. The disease causes skin rashes, mouth sores, diarrhea, and if untreated, mental deterioration. Goldberger's first step was to simply observe. He traveled tirelessly through the South, taking notes, asking questions, and watching. He noticed that the diet of poor people in the region consisted of cornbread, molasses, and a little pork fat. It seemed that the poorer people were, the more likely they were to get pellagra. Institutions such as prisons, asylums, and orphanages also had a limited diet and a great deal of pellagra among inmates. Goldberger gradually concluded that the disease was not infectious at all, but strictly a matter of diet. In 1915, he conducted experiments on inmates at a Mississippi prison, who volunteered for the study in exchange for a pardon. Because it was a farm prison, its inmates had a fairly balanced diet. Goldberger's volunteers were given the poor Southern diet he had seen associated with pellagra. That was the only difference. The other inmates ate the usual farm fare. Every effort was made to prevent and rule out infectious transmission. And within months, the volunteers came down with pellagra. Then the researchers

5. EMedicine - Pellagra : Article By Vladimir Hegyi, MD pellagra pellagra is clinically manifested by the 4 D s photosensitive dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. The full tetrad http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic621.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Dermatology Internal Medicine Pellagra Last Updated: August 20, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: avitaminosis, niacin deficiency, vitamin deficiency, vitamin B-3 deficiency AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Vladimir Hegyi, MD , Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dermatovenereology, Pediatric Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava Coauthor(s): Robert A Schwartz, MD, MPH , Professor and Head, Dermatology, Professor of Pathology, Pediatrics, Medicine, and Preventive Medicine and Community Health, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School Vladimir Hegyi, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Slovak Dermatovenereological Society , and Slovak Medical Association Editor(s): James Fulton, Jr, MD, PhD

6. Pellagra Pronunciation Key. pellagra , deficiency disease due to a lack of niacin (nicotinic research into pellagra ( NPR Special)pellagra sine pellagra ( The Mosby Medical Encyclopedia)typhoid http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0838092.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... D-Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia pellagra [p u u Pronunciation Key pellagra , deficiency disease due to a lack of niacin (nicotinic acid), one of the components of the B complex vitamins in the diet. Niacin is plentiful in yeast, organ meats, peanuts, and wheat germ. The disease manifests itself in lesions of the skin and mucous membrane, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, neurological derangement, and mental confusion. It is most common in areas where the diet consists mainly of corn, which, unlike other grains, lacks niacin as well as the amino acid tryptophan, which the body uses to synthesize the vitamin. Treatment includes large doses of niacin and the institution of a proper diet to prevent recurrences. See D. A. Roe, A Plague of Corn: A Social History of Pellagra The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia

7. Pellagra Picture List. Previous Picture. Next Picture. pellagra. pellagra. Goldberger, Joseph and G.A. Wheeler. The Experimental Production of pellagra in Human Subjects by Means of Diet. Washington Government Printing Office, 1920. ( the South to find a cure for pellagra. At the time pellagra was thought to be an infectious He beleived that diet and pellagra were related and wrote in Septmber http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/biolib/hc/nh7.html

Special Collections Picture List Previous Picture Next Picture Pellagra Pellagra Goldberger, Joseph and G.A. Wheeler. The Experimental Production of Pellagra in Human Subjects by Means of Diet . Washington: Government Printing Office, 1920. (Hygienic Laboratory Bulletin) Next Title VUMC Home About VUMC Health Care Services ... Search URL: http://www.mc.Vanderbilt.Edu/biolib/hc/nh7.html Last Modified: Tuesday, 28 October 1997 Contact: Mary.Teloh@mcmail.Vanderbilt.edu webmaster@www.mc.vanderbilt.edu

8. Pellagra pellagra. Definition. pellagra is a disorder brought on by a deficiency of the nutrient called niacin or nicotinic acid, one of the Bcomplex vitamins. http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/pellagra.html

Encyclopedia Index P Home Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Index P Pellagra Definition Pellagra is a disorder brought on by a deficiency of the nutrient called niacin or nicotinic acid, one of the B-complex vitamins Description Nicotinic acid plays a crucial role in the cellular process called respiration. Respiration is the process by which nutrients (specifically sugar, or glucose) and oxygen are taken in, chemical reactions take place, energy is produced and stored, and carbon monoxide and wastes are given off. This process is absolutely central to basic cell functioning, and thus the functioning of the body as a whole. Niacin is a B vitamin found in such foods as yeast, liver, meat, fish, whole-grain cereals and breads, and legumes. Niacin can also be produced within the body from the essential amino acid called tryptophan. Dietary requirements for niacin depend on the age, gender, size, and activity level of the individual. Niacin requirements range from 5 mg in infants up to 20 mg in certain adults. Causes and symptoms Pellagra can be either primary or secondary. Primary pellagra results when the diet is extremely deficient in niacin-rich foods. A classic example occurs in geographic locations where Indian corn (maize) is the dietary staple. Maize does contain niacin, but in a form which cannot be absorbed from the intestine (except when it has been treated with alkali, as happens in the preparation of tortillas). People who rely on maize as their major food source often develop pellagra. Pellagra can also occur when a hospitalized patient, unable to eat for a very prolonged period of time, is given fluids devoid of vitamins through a needle in the vein (intravenous or IV fluids).

9. Exhibits And Galleries Informative article on the history of this disorder. http://www.nih.gov/od/museum/exhibits/goldberger/main.html

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10. Www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Pellagra More results from www.nlm.nih.gov NIACIN pellagra dementiapellagra, the classic niacin deficiency disease,is characterized by bilateral dermatitis in sun exposed areas, glossitis, diarrhea, and dementia. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Pellagra

11. Exhibits And Galleries An essay on a pioneer in Public Health. Authored by Alan Kraut, Ph.D., Professor of History, American University. http://www.nih.gov/od/museum/exhibits/goldberger/full-text.html

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12. Pellagra - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia pellagra. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. pellagra is a disease of malnutrition caused by dietary lack of niacin and protein. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellagra

Pellagra From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Pellagra is a disease of malnutrition caused by dietary lack of niacin and protein . A deficiency in Lysine can result in a deficieny in niacin (which is a B Vitamin) and can result in pellagra. Symptoms of pellagra are red skin lesions, diarrhoea dermatitis , weakness, mental confusion, and eventually dementia . This disease can be common for persons who obtain most of their Calories from maize , as maize lacks lysine, and any lysine it contains is chemically bound. Therefore this disease can be common amongst people who live in rural South America Africa The traditional food preparation method of maize by native new world cultivators, who had domesticated maize, required treatment of the grain with lime , an alkali . It has now been shown that the lime treatment makes lysine nutritionally available and reduces the chance of developing pellagra. When maize cultivation was adopted worldwide this preparation method was not accepted because the benefit was not understood. The original cultivators, who often depended heavily on maize, did not suffer from pellagra. Pellagra became common only when maize became a staple that was eaten without the traditional treatment. Views Article Discussion Edit History Personal tools Log in Navigation Main Page Community portal Current events Recent changes ... Donations Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Special pages Other languages This page was last modified 14:59, 12 May 2004.

13. PELLAGRA pellagra. pellagra (Ital. pelle agra, smarting skin), the name given, from one of its early symptoms, to a wider than that of pellagra, and pellagra is found where maize is http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/P/PE/PELLAGRA.htm

PELLAGRA PELLAGRA PELLA CHARLES CAMILLE PELLETAN

14. ► Pellagra Home Medical Reference Encyclopedia (English) Toggle English / Spanish pellagra. http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/000342.htm

Disease Nutrition Surgery Symptoms Injury ... Encyclopedia (English) Toggle English Spanish Pellagra Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention [an error occurred while processing this directive] Food guide pyramid Review Date: 10/4/2001 Reviewed By: Victoria Kennedy, RN, A.D.A.M. editorial. [an error occurred while processing this directive]

15. Pellagra MAIN SEARCH INDEX. pellagra. pellagra is a disorder brought on by a deficiency of the nutrient called niacin or nicotinic acid, one of the Bcomplex vitamins. http://www.ehendrick.org/healthy/001033.htm

MAIN SEARCH INDEX Pellagra Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Definition Pellagra is a disorder brought on by a deficiency of the nutrient called niacin or nicotinic acid, one of the B-complex vitamins Description Nicotinic acid plays a crucial role in the cellular process called respiration. Respiration is the process by which nutrients (specifically sugar, or glucose) and oxygen are taken in, chemical reactions take place, energy is produced and stored, and carbon monoxide and wastes are given off. This process is absolutely central to basic cell functioning, and thus the functioning of the body as a whole. Niacin is a B vitamin found in such foods as yeast, liver, meat, fish, whole-grain cereals and breads, and legumes. Niacin can also be produced within the body from the essential amino acid called tryptophan. Dietary requirements for niacin depend on the age, gender, size, and activity level of the individual. Niacin requirements range from 5 mg in infants up to 20 mg in certain adults. Causes and symptoms Pellagra can be either primary or secondary. Primary pellagra results when the diet is extremely deficient in niacin-rich foods. A classic example occurs in geographic locations where Indian corn (maize) is the dietary staple. Maize does contain niacin, but in a form which cannot be absorbed from the intestine (except when it has been treated with alkali, as happens in the preparation of tortillas). People who rely on maize as their major food source often develop pellagra. Pellagra can also occur when a hospitalized patient, unable to eat for a very prolonged period of time, is given fluids devoid of vitamins through a needle in the vein (intravenous or IV fluids).

16. [Undefined_variable] pellagra definition pellagra. Dictionary. Options Tips http://www.lookwayup.com/lwu.exe/lwu/d?s=f&w=pellagra

17. Pellagra (vitamin B3 Or Niacin Deficiency). DermNet NZ pellagra information for patients. NZ DermNet is an online dermatology resource for patients, GPs and dermatologists. pellagra. What is pellagra? http://www.dermnetnz.org/dna.photo/pellagra.html

@import url("/common/screen.css"); DermNet NZ Ad Authoritative facts about the skin from the New Zealand Dermatological Society Home For patients For doctors ... Site map Search: Home Systemic Pellagra What is pellagra? Pellagra is a disease characterised by diarrhoea, dermatitis and dementia. If left untreated, death is the usual outcome. It occurs as a result of niacin (vitamin B-3) deficiency. Niacin is required for most cellular processes. Since tryptophan in the diet can be converted to niacin in the body, both of these need to be deficient for pellagra to develop. What causes pellagra? Pellagra is caused by a deficiency in niacin. This can occur in 2 ways: Primary pellagra results from inadequate niacin and/or tryptophan in the diet (mainly in developing countries or poverty stricken areas) Secondary pellagra occurs when there is enough niacin in the diet but something prevents its absorption and processing. Causes of secondary pellagra include: Chronic alcoholism Prolonged diarrhoea Gastrointestinal diseases such as ulcerative colitis Liver cirrhosis Carcinoid tumours Hartnup disease (tryptophan metabolism disorder) Drugs e.g. isoniazide

18. Pellagra Patient Information pellagra information for patients. NZ DermNet is an online dermatology resource for patients, GPs and dermatologists. pellagra. What is pellagra? http://www.dermnetnz.org/pre/dna.photo/pellagra.html

19. Introduction: Pellagra - WrongDiagnosis.com Introduction to pellagra as a medical condition including symptoms, diagnosis, misdiagnosis, treatment, prevention, and prognosis. Introduction pellagra. http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/p/pellagra/intro.htm

Diseases IMPORTANT! Use of this site is subject to our and Home Symptoms Diseases Risks Search: We show you all these ads in order to provide this free site; give your feedback WrongDiagnosis TM Premium Report: Diabetes Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis Available Now! Condition Lists By Organ By Symptom By Class By Prevalence ... List A-Z Current chapter: Pellagra Next sections Basic Summary for Pellagra Causes of Pellagra Symptoms of Pellagra Misdiagnosis of Underlying Causes of Pellagra Next chapters: Biotin deficiency Vitamin E deficiency Vitamin E overdose Vitamin D overdose ... Feedback Introduction: Pellagra Pellagra: Dietary deficiency of vitamin B3 (niacin) Contents for Pellagra: Basic Summary for Pellagra Causes of Pellagra Symptoms of Pellagra Misdiagnosis of Underlying Causes of Pellagra ... Diseases Did we miss something? Please tell your story or provide feedback or suggestions By using this site you agree to our and . Information provided on this site is for informational purposes only; it is not intended as a substitute for advice from your own medical team. The information on this site is not to be used for diagnosing or treating any health concerns you may have - please contact your physician or health care professional for all your medical needs. Please see our and Book Lists WrongDiagnosis.com

20. Symptoms Of Pellagra - WrongDiagnosis.com Symptoms of pellagra including signs, symptoms, incubation period, duration, and correct diagnosis. Symptoms of pellagra. List of http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/p/pellagra/symptoms.htm

Diseases Pellagra IMPORTANT! Use of this site is subject to our and Home Symptoms Diseases Risks Search: We show you all these ads in order to provide this free site; give your feedback WrongDiagnosis TM Premium Report: Diabetes Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis Available Now! Condition Lists By Organ By Symptom By Class By Prevalence ... List A-Z Current chapter: Pellagra Next sections Misdiagnosis of Underlying Causes of Pellagra Next chapters: Biotin deficiency Vitamin E deficiency Vitamin E overdose Vitamin D overdose ... Feedback Symptoms of Pellagra List of symptoms of Pellagra: The list of symptoms mentioned in various sources for Pellagra includes: Weakness Skin inflammation Diarrhea Weight loss ... Memory loss More symptoms of Pellagra: In addition to the above information, to get a full picture of the possible symptoms of this condition and its related conditions, it may be necessary to examine symptoms that may be caused by complications of Pellagra, underlying causes of Pellagra , associated conditions for Pellagra, risk factors for Pellagra, or other related conditions. Diseases Pellagra Did we miss something? Please

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