41. UCLA Healthcare Neuro-otology Laboratory ComputerAssisted Electronystagmography (ENG) and Rotary Testing ENG utilize eye movement recordings to evaluate pathologic nystagmus, vestibulo-ocular reflex http://www.healthcare.ucla.edu/Handbook/program.asp?version=5619&programid=204

42. EMedicine - Nystagmus, Acquired : Article By Christopher M Bardorf, MD, MS Central vestibular forms of nystagmus are always pathologic and deserve a thorough evaluation. MRI is the preferred method of neuroimaging. http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic339.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Ophthalmology Extraocular Muscles Nystagmus, Acquired Last Updated: August 8, 2001 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Christopher M Bardorf, MD, MS , Ophthalmology, Children's Eye Physicians, Denver, CO Coauthor(s): Gregory Van Stavern, MD , Assistant Professor, Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University; Enrique Garcia-Valenzuela, MD, PhD , Assistant Professor of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University Christopher M Bardorf, MD, MS, is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association , and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Editor(s): Michael J Bartiss, OD, MD

43. ClinicalTrials.gov - Information On Clinical Trials And Human Research Studies: Nervous System Diseases nystagmus, pathologic. Include trials that are no longer recruiting Screening for Studies on nystagmus and Strabismus. Conditions nystagmus; Strabismus http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/screen/BrowseAny;jsessionid=8F3912DE71CEBAF29DC83D1

44. Nystagmus 1998 TODD TROOST, M.D. nystagmus may be defined as a periodic rhythmical ocular oscillation usually with a slow initiating phase and a corrective fast phase. pathologic peripheral vestibular nystagmus http://www.bgsm.edu/neurology/lectures/nystagmus/nys.html

This is a more complete description with a hyperlinked OUTLINE than in my Grand Rounds Lecture on Nystagmus OUTLINE INTRODUCTION NYSTAGMUS OF INFANCY CONGENITAL NYSTAGMUS LATENT NYSTAGMUS ... PERIODIC ALTERNATING NYSTAGMUS OUTLINE 2 CYCLIC ESOTROPIA DOWNBEAT NYSTAGMUS UPBEAT NYSTAGMUS REBOUND NYSTAGMUS ... OPTOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS OUTLINE 3 DRUG INDUCED NYSTAGMUS ARTHROKINETIC NYSTAGMUS AUDIOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS RELATED OCULAR OSCILLATIONS ... REFERENCES INTRODUCTION slow initiating component and a fast corrective component, as criteria in the definition of nystagmus [1]. During the examination, it may be quite difficult to determine whether 1) a particular oscillation has an initial slow component and should be classified as a "true nystagmus", or 2) it is composed entirely of saccades and should be classified as one of the "saccadic oscillations". It usually does not matter to the clinician if the rhythmic oscillation observed is truly nystagmus. What matters is whether the ocular oscillation is congenital or acquired . If it is acquired, are the characteristics localizing and do they require further investigation?

45. Nystagmus, Pathologic nystagmus, pathologic. http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/C0028738L1412662.html

low graphics Nystagmus, Pathologic broader: Ocular Motility Disorders other: Eye Movements Strabismus Nystagmus Network This site, providess basic information on the condition and articles on specific aspects of nystagmus, an eye condition characterised by rapid, jerky eye movements. There is a section of FAQs, and information on the activities and publications of the group. Patient Education Organizations, Nonprofit Nystagmus, Pathologic Great Britain ... Understanding nystagmus A patient-oriented information sheet on nystagmus, an involuntary movement of the eyes. It explains who is affected, the symptoms, and treatment. A glossary of terms is also provided. Produced jointly by the Royal College of Ophthalmologists and the Royal National Institute for the Blind. This 5 page document is in PDF, which requires Adobe Acrobat Reader. Patient Education Handout [Publication Type] Nystagmus, Pathologic Last modified: 27 May 2004

46. NYSTAGMUS Education IndexSearch this site. nystagmus is defined as involuntary movement of the eyes fixation suppression a pathologic effect of vision on caloric nystagmus. Neurology 24 891 http://www.tchain.com/otoneurology/practice/nystagmus.html

NYSTAGMUS Under Construction Timothy C. Hain, MD Education Index Search this site Nystagmus is defined as involuntary movement of the eyes. Most frequently it is composed of a mixture of slow and fast movements of the eyes. Nystagmus can occur normally, such as when tracking a visual pattern. Nystagmus may also be abnormal, usually in situations where one would want the eyes to be still, but they are in motion. Vertigo (a sensation of spinning), is often accompanied by nystagmus. The following material attempts to illustrate and describe nystagmus subtypes. SPONTANEOUS NYSTAGMUS Vestibular imbalance nystagmus Acquired pendular nystagmus Horizontal Vertical See-saw Congenital Nystagmus Latent nystagmus (LN) Pendular type Jerk type Convergence/Retraction nystagmus Divergence nystagmus Periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN) Central nystagmus (downbeat, upbeat nystagmus, horizontal, torsional) Saccadic Nystagmus EVOKED NYSTAGMUS Gaze evoked nystagmus (GEN) Symmetrical GEN Asymmetrical GEN Rebound nystagmus Head-shaking nystagmus (HSN) Caloric nystagmus Optokinetic Nystagmus (OKN) Positional Nystagmus Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Central positional nystagmus Positional alcohol nystagmus Miscellaneous rare causes Typical appearance of vestibular type spontaneous nystagmus.

47. PharmGKB Browse Diseases By Name nystagmus, Congenital. nystagmus, pathologic. 1, 5 1, A 363, B 160, C 368, D 180, E 213, F 143, G 141. H 345, I 86, J 19, K 47, L 251, M 270, N 154, O 115, P 388. http://www.pharmgkb.org/search/browse/diseases.jsp?r=N

48. Entrez PubMed Meniere s Disease/diagnosis; Meniere s Disease/drug therapy; Middle Aged; nystagmus, pathologic/diagnosis; nystagmus, pathologic/drug http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1

49. Nystagmus 1998 However, pathologic vestibular nystagmus can occur with injury to any portion of the vestibular complex. Usually it is due to end organ disease. http://www.wfubmc.edu/neurology/lectures/nystagmus/nys.html

This is a more complete description with a hyperlinked OUTLINE than in my Grand Rounds Lecture on Nystagmus OUTLINE INTRODUCTION NYSTAGMUS OF INFANCY CONGENITAL NYSTAGMUS LATENT NYSTAGMUS ... PERIODIC ALTERNATING NYSTAGMUS OUTLINE 2 CYCLIC ESOTROPIA DOWNBEAT NYSTAGMUS UPBEAT NYSTAGMUS REBOUND NYSTAGMUS ... OPTOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS OUTLINE 3 DRUG INDUCED NYSTAGMUS ARTHROKINETIC NYSTAGMUS AUDIOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS RELATED OCULAR OSCILLATIONS ... REFERENCES INTRODUCTION slow initiating component and a fast corrective component, as criteria in the definition of nystagmus [1]. During the examination, it may be quite difficult to determine whether 1) a particular oscillation has an initial slow component and should be classified as a "true nystagmus", or 2) it is composed entirely of saccades and should be classified as one of the "saccadic oscillations". It usually does not matter to the clinician if the rhythmic oscillation observed is truly nystagmus. What matters is whether the ocular oscillation is congenital or acquired . If it is acquired, are the characteristics localizing and do they require further investigation?

50. Detailed Record English • Document Type Book • Subject nystagmus, Congresses., Dizziness, Congresses., Dizziness, Congresses., nystagmus, pathologic, Congresses., Vertigo http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/ow/30caf91c49128b41.html

About WorldCat Help For Librarians Nystagmus and vertigo : clinical approaches to the patient with dizziness Vicente Honrubia Mary Agnes Burniston Brazier Find libraries with the item Enter a postal code, state, province or country WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.

51. Free Online ICD9/ICD9CM Codes And Medical Dictionary nystagmus, pathologic Convergence nystagmus Horizontal nystagmus Jerk nystagmus Pendular nystagmus Periodic Alternating nystagmus Rotary nystagmus http://icd9cm.chrisendres.com/index.php?action=dictdtl&recordid=8466

52. Nystagmus The eyes play a critical role in maintaining balance....... nystagmus can be a normal physiological response or a result of a pathologic problem. http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00058730.html

Main Search Index Definition Description Causes ... Resources Nystagmus Definition Rhythmic, oscillating motions of the eyes are called nystagmus. The to-and-fro motion is generally involuntary. Vertical nystagmus occurs much less frequently than horizontal nystagmus and is often, but not necessarily, a sign of serious brain damage. Nystagmus can be a normal physiological response or a result of a pathologic problem. Description The eyes play a critical role in maintaining balance. They are directly connected to other organs of equilibrium, most important of which is the inner ear. Paired structures called the semicircular canals deep in the skull behind the ears sense motion and relay that information to balance control centers in the brain. The eyes send visual information to the same centers. A third set of sensors consists of nerve endings all over the body, particularly in joints, that detect position. All this information is integrated to allow the body to navigate in space and gravity. It is possible to fool this system or to overload it with information so that it malfunctions. A spinning ride at the amusement park is a good way to overload it with information. The system has adapted to the spinning, expects it to go on forever, and carries that momentum for some time after it is over. Nystagmus is the lingering adjustment of the eyes to tracking the world as it revolves around them.

53. Nystagmus . The eyes play a critical role in maintaining balance....... nystagmus can be a normal physiological response or a result of a pathologic problem. http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/nystagmus.html

Encyclopedia Index N Home Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Index N Nystagmus Definition Rhythmic, oscillating motions of the eyes are called nystagmus. The to-and-fro motion is generally involuntary. Vertical nystagmus occurs much less frequently than horizontal nystagmus and is often, but not necessarily, a sign of serious brain damage. Nystagmus can be a normal physiological response or a result of a pathologic problem. Description The eyes play a critical role in maintaining balance. They are directly connected to other organs of equilibrium, most important of which is the inner ear. Paired structures called the semicircular canals deep in the skull behind the ears sense motion and relay that information to balance control centers in the brain. The eyes send visual information to the same centers. A third set of sensors consists of nerve endings all over the body, particularly in joints, that detect position. All this information is integrated to allow the body to navigate in space and gravity. It is possible to fool this system or to overload it with information so that it malfunctions. A spinning ride at the amusement park is a good way to overload it with information. The system has adapted to the spinning, expects it to go on forever, and carries that momentum for some time after it is over. Nystagmus is the lingering adjustment of the eyes to tracking the world as it revolves around them. Nystagmus can be classified depending upon the type of motion of the eyes. In pendular nystagmus the speed of motion of the eyes is the same in both directions. In jerk nystagmus there is a slow and fast phase. The eyes move slowly in one direction and then seem to jerk back in the other direction.

54. Baylor Neurology Case Of The Month She also had conjugate gaze restriction, nystagmus, and mild confusion, but An amblyopia that is indistinguishable on clinical and pathologic grounds has been http://www.bcm.tmc.edu/neurol/challeng/pat54/summary.html

Patient #54 Summary and Discussion Gautham Reddy, M.D. Diagnosis: Wernicke's encephalopathy (presenting with optic neuropathy) Case Summary: CLINICAL SUMMARY In this patient, the combination of encephalopathy, ataxia, and ophthalmoparesis, together with suspicion for nutritional deficiency (thin body habitus, recent significant weight loss) and evidence for autonomic dysfunction (resting tachycardia), suggested the possibility of a Wernicke's syndrome. The patient's optic neuropathy, however, occasioned additional diagnostic studies that were performed while thiamine was being administered. An MRI scan of the head demonstrated bilateral and symmetric hyperintensities on T2-weighted sequences in the medial thalami and along the border of the third ventricle, but signal abnormalities could not be convincingly demonstrated in the optic nerves. In screens for demyelinating disease, neoplasms, and infectious-immune disorders, we did not find an alternative cause of this patient's optic neuropathy. The morning after thiamine (100 mg daily) was initiated, the patient's visual acuity improved to 20/40 OU, her right afferent pupillary defect had resolved, and she displayed only mild bilateral abducens palsies. Within 2 days of starting thiamine, her visual acuity had normalized on the right. Her ocular movements were full, but she displayed horizontal nystagmus with leftward and rightward gaze, in the direction of the gaze. Within 4 days of starting thiamine, the patient had only trace nystagmus with horizontal gaze, while her MMSE score had improved to 27/30. A follow-up MRI scan demonstrated significant resolution of the T2-weighted signal abnormalities present in the medial thalami on the initial imaging study. This dramatic response to thiamine administration confirmed the clinical suspicion of Wernicke's encephalopathy, and also provided an explanation for her optic neuropathy.

55. Entrez PubMed Human; Male; Middle Aged; nystagmus, pathologic/complications*; nystagmus, pathologic/diagnosis; nystagmus, pathologic/etiology*; Vibration http://www.biomedcentral.com/pubmed/14564822

Entrez PubMed Nucleotide Protein ... Books Search PubMed Protein Nucleotide Structure Genome Books CancerChromosomes 3D Domains Domains Gene GEO GEO DataSets HomoloGene Journals MeSH NCBI Web Site OMIM PMC PopSet SNP Taxonomy UniGene UniSTS for Limits Preview/Index History Clipboard ... Text Version Entrez PubMed Overview FAQ Tutorial New/Noteworthy ... E-Utilities PubMed Services Journals Database MeSH Database Single Citation Matcher Batch Citation Matcher ... Cubby Related Resources Order Documents NLM Gateway TOXNET Consumer Health ... PubMed Central Summary Brief Abstract Citation ASN.1 MEDLINE XML UI List LinkOut Related Articles Cited in Books CancerChrom Links Domain Links 3D Domain Links GEO DataSet Links Gene Links Genome Links GEO Links HomoloGene Links Nucleotide Links OMIM Links PMC Links Cited in PMC PopSet Links Protein Links SNP Links Structure Links UniSTS Links Show: Sort Author Journal Pub Date Text File Clipboard E-mail Order Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 2003;124(2):85-90. Related Articles, Links Vibration induced nystagmus in normal subjects and in patients with dizziness. A videonystagmography study. Perez N.

56. Entrez PubMed enzymology; Fundus Oculi; Human; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; nystagmus, pathologic/diagnosis; nystagmus, pathologic/enzymology; http://www.biomedcentral.com/pubmed/12795443

Entrez PubMed Nucleotide Protein ... Books Search PubMed Protein Nucleotide Structure Genome Books CancerChromosomes 3D Domains Domains Gene GEO GEO DataSets HomoloGene Journals MeSH NCBI Web Site OMIM PMC PopSet SNP Taxonomy UniGene UniSTS for Limits Preview/Index History Clipboard ... Text Version Entrez PubMed Overview FAQ Tutorial New/Noteworthy ... E-Utilities PubMed Services Journals Database MeSH Database Single Citation Matcher Batch Citation Matcher ... Cubby Related Resources Order Documents NLM Gateway TOXNET Consumer Health ... PubMed Central Summary Brief Abstract Citation ASN.1 MEDLINE XML UI List LinkOut Related Articles Cited in Books CancerChrom Links Domain Links 3D Domain Links GEO DataSet Links Gene Links Genome Links GEO Links HomoloGene Links Nucleotide Links OMIM Links PMC Links Cited in PMC PopSet Links Protein Links SNP Links Structure Links UniSTS Links Show: Sort Author Journal Pub Date Text File Clipboard E-mail Order J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2003 May-Jun;40(3):179-81. Related Articles, Links Early ocular manifestations in an infant with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type Ia. Laplace O, Voegtle R, Rigolet MH, Bourcier T, Nordmann JP.

57. MeSH-D Terms Associated To MeSH-C Term Nystagmus, Pathologic MeSHD terms associated to MeSH-C term nystagmus, pathologic, G2D Home. The number indicates the strength of the association of the http://www.bork.embl-heidelberg.de/g2d/c2d.pl?Nystagmus,_Pathologic:unknown

58. References For Megalocornea, X-linked With The MeSH Term References for Megalocornea, Xlinked with the MeSH term nystagmus, pathologic, G2D Home. PMID and date. Follow the link to see the http://www.bork.embl-heidelberg.de/g2d/exam_mesh_disease.pl?Nystagmus,_Pathologi

59. OCULAR FIXATION References Alpert JN, (1974) Failure of fixation suppression a pathologic effect of vision on caloric nystagmus. Neurology 24 891896, 1974. http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/practice/fixation.html

TESTING OF FIXATION SUPPRESSION Please read our Timothy C. Hain, MD Impaired Fixation Suppression The diagnosis of impaired fixation suppression is made by observing the effect of asking the subject to fix his eyes upon a clearly visible target, upon any ongoing nystagmus.The most commonly used test procedure is one described by Albert (1974). For at least one left and right-beating response (generally a caloric response), the patients nystagmus is recorded until shortly after the peak. At that time the examiner tells the patient ot open the eyes and fixat a small target for about 10 seconds. The fixation index is the ratio of nystagmus peak slow-phase velocity with fixation to nystagmus intensity with fixation removed (e.g. complete darkness or eyes closed). This number is often computed into a percentage by multiplying it by 100. Fixation suppression can also be easily calculate from rotatory chair tests by having the subject track a chair fixed laser projected on a wall. There is evidence that there are multiple systems that participate in fixation suppression. Smooth pursuit can be used to suppress nystagmus, and some investigators have suggested that fixation suppression is redundant with the pursuit test. However, others have found that a different system, the "vestibular cancellation system", can also contribute to suppression (e.g. Tomlinson and Robinson, 1981)

60. NYSTAGMUS Brain 9920734. Alpert JN, (1974) Failure of fixation suppression a pathologic effect of vision on caloric nystagmus. Neurology 24 891-896, 1974. http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/practice/nystagmus.html

NYSTAGMUS Under Construction Timothy C. Hain, MD Please read our Return to Index Search this site Page last modified: May 20, 2004 Nystagmus is defined as involuntary movement of the eyes. Most frequently it is composed of a mixture of slow and fast movements of the eyes. Nystagmus can occur normally, such as when tracking a visual pattern. Nystagmus may also be abnormal, usually in situations where one would want the eyes to be still, but they are in motion. Vertigo (a sensation of spinning), is often accompanied by nystagmus. The following material attempts to illustrate and describe nystagmus subtypes. SPONTANEOUS NYSTAGMUS Vestibular imbalance nystagmus Acquired pendular nystagmus Horizontal Vertical See-saw Congenital Nystagmus Latent nystagmus (LN) Pendular type Jerk type Convergence/Retraction nystagmus Divergence nystagmus Periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN) Central nystagmus (downbeat, upbeat nystagmus, horizontal, torsional) Saccadic Nystagmus EVOKED NYSTAGMUS Gaze evoked nystagmus (GEN) Symmetrical GEN Asymmetrical GEN Rebound nystagmus Head-shaking nystagmus (HSN) Caloric nystagmus Optokinetic Nystagmus (OKN) Positional Nystagmus Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Central positional nystagmus Positional alcohol nystagmus Miscellaneous rare causes Typical appearance of vestibular type spontaneous nystagmus.

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