1. Otosclerosis - Parents - Boys Town National Research Hospital Genetics and Deafness otosclerosis. otosclerosis is a common cause of gradual hearing loss in adults. The hearing loss is usually http://www.boystownhospital.org/parents/info/genetics/otos.asp

Genetics and Deafness - Otosclerosis Otosclerosis is a common cause of gradual hearing loss in adults. The hearing loss is usually conductive, that is, affecting the ossicles (bones of the middle ear) that conduct sound to the inner ear. Some sensorineural, or nerve loss, may also occur. The diagram provides a representation of the parts of the ear to help understand what is affected by Otosclerosis. Ear canal, leading out to the ear. Ear drum (tympanic membrane). Sound causes it to move like the head of a drum. , and The malleus (hammer), incus (anvil) and stapes (stirrup), which are ossicles, or bones of the middle ear. The eardrum causes them to move, and in a chain reaction they move the oval window. Problems in the middle ear cause conductive hearing loss. The oval window, a drum-like membrane separating the middle ear from the inner ear. It causes fluid in the inner ear to move in the cochlea.

2. Ear Surgery Information Center-Otosclerosis A description of this disorder and a discussion on its progression. Symptoms are discussed and hearings aids as well as surgery. http://www.earsurgery.org/otoscl.html

Ear Surgery Information Center OTOSCLEROSIS a description by Mark J. Levenson, MD, FACS Stapedectomy Otosclerosis Otospongiasis Otosclerosis the immobilization of the stapes bone occurs slowly. Perception of hearing loss is so slow that many people with otosclerosis only become aware of their hearing loss when friends or relatives call it to their attention. Many individuals with otosclerosis compensate for their hearing loss by inadvertantly learning to read lips. Sometimes, the lip reading is conscious; at other times the person may be unaware of it. Hearing loss in otosclerosis may be in one, or both ears. When the hearing loss is in both ears, its effects on daily communication are significant. The first sign of a hearing loss can occur when a person finds themself requesting that others repeat themselves, or noting hearing difficulty when people's faces are turned away. Noises in the ear usually accompany otosclerosis. The sensation of background noises in the ear, even in the quiet, is called, tinnitus. In otosclerosis, tinnitus may be a broad band hissing sound, discreet tones or pulses. Also, the nerve of hearing is sometimes effected by otosclerosis. The tinnitus may be worse in this case. Tinnitus will go away in about half the cases of otosclerosis, when treated surgically. It is uncommon for the tinnitus to worsen after surgery.

3. Otosclerosis [NIDCD Health Information] otosclerosis. On this page What is otosclerosis? otosclerosis is the abnormal growth of bone of the middle ear. This bone prevents http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/otosclerosis.asp

Change text size: S M L Home ... Hearing, Ear Infections, and Deafness Otosclerosis On this page: What Is Otosclerosis? How Do We Hear? How Does Otosclerosis Cause Hearing Impairment? What Causes Otosclerosis? ... Where Can I Get Additional Information? What is otosclerosis? Otosclerosis is the abnormal growth of bone of the middle ear. This bone prevents structures within the ear from working properly and causes hearing loss. For some people with otosclerosis, the hearing loss may become severe. Top How do we hear? Hearing is a series of events in which the ear converts sound waves into electrical signals and causes nerve impulses to be sent to the brain where they are interpreted as sound. The ear has three main parts: the outer, middle, and inner ear. Sound waves enter through the outer ear and reach the middle ear, where they cause the ear drum to vibrate. The vibrations are transmitted through three tiny bones in the middle ear called the ossicles. These three bones are named the malleus, incus, and stapes (and are also known as the hammer, anvil, and stirrup). The ear drum and ossicles carry the vibrations to the inner ear. The stirrup transmits the vibrations through the oval window and into the fluid that fills the inner ear. The vibrations move through fluid in the snail-shaped hearing part of the inner ear ( cochlea ) that contains the hair cells. The fluid in the cochlea moves the top of the hair cells, which initiates the changes that lead to the production of the nerve impulses. These nerve impulses are carried to the brain, where they are interpreted as sound. Different sounds stimulate different parts of the inner ear, allowing the brain to distinguish among various sounds, for example, different vowel and consonant sounds.

4. Otosclerosis otosclerosis. What is otosclerosis? otosclerosis is a disease of the bone surrounding the inner ear. If sensorineural, it is called cochlear otosclerosis. http://www.earaces.com/otosclerosis.htm

Otosclerosis What is otosclerosis? Otosclerosis is a disease of the bone surrounding the inner ear. It usually manifests itself as a slowly developing hearing loss as a result of a deposition of bone around the stapes in the middle ear that keeps the stapes footplate from vibrating. See our link to the Anatomical Tour of the Ear for a cross section of the ear, especially the middle ear. If the inner ear of someone with otosclerosis is examined, there would be minute areas of both softening and hardening of the bone, which can involve the stapes or the inner ear, itself. Therefore, otosclerotic hearing loss may be solely conductive, or conductive and sensorineural. If sensorineural, it is called cochlear otosclerosis. Otosclerosis is a hereditary disease, which may be passed down from generation to generation. Although hereditary, it can skip generations. It is more prevalent in women and Caucasians. In women, otosclerosis can accelerate during a second pregnancy. Before surgical options for otosclerosis were available, women with otosclerosis were counseled to not become pregnant because of the risk of hearing loss. Epidemiological studies suggest that fluoride in our drinking water and the availability of mumps and measles vaccines may have reduced the incidence and severity of otosclerosis. Fluoride facilitates mineralization of bone and is believed to convert the poorly-calcified, active form of otosclerosis to the calcified, inactive form. Viral particles have been found in inner-ear bone affected by otosclerosis. However, the actual role of viruses in development of otosclerosis has yet to be clarified.

5. Otosclerosis otosclerosis. Epidemiologic considerations. Male Female ratio is 12. Caucasians Orientals Blacks American Indians (virtually nonexistent in this group. over months or years is the major http://www.bcm.tmc.edu/oto/otologyprimer/otosclerosis/Otosclerosis.html

Otosclerosis Epidemiologic considerations Incidence: 10% of all temporal bones show histologic evidence, only 1% of Caucasians manifests this disease. (1:10 histologic to clinical ratio) 90% of patients have bilateral disease. Age: most often between 30 to 50 years of age, rare in children. In the caucasian population the prevalence is 0.3% of the general population and 5% of those with hearing loss. These numbers for prevalence and incidence have been confirmed in a number of studies in different countries.[1-7] Etiology Approximately 70% of otosclerosis cases have a hereditary basis. The remaining 30% of cases occur sporadically. In hereditary cases, inheritance is autosomal dominant, with a penetrance of 25% to 40%. The mechanism is speculative, although autosomal recessive inheritance, spontaneous mutation, and nongenetic causes are possible.[8] Extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical stresses, vasomotor imbalance, ground substance abnormalities, and infection have all been proposed as etiologies for otosclerosis.[9-11] History Gradual hearing loss over months or years is the major symptom in otosclerosis. This pattern is consistent with the histologic findings. Fixation may progress to become complete, resulting in a maximum conductive hearing loss of 50 to 60db.[12, 13]

6. Otosclerosis otosclerosis. Timothy C. Hain, MD and Alan Micco, MD. Please read our disclaimer Return to Index. Search CAUSE OF otosclerosis Most http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/hearing/otoscler.html

OTOSCLEROSIS Timothy C. Hain, MD and Alan Micco, MD Please read our Return to Index Search this site Page last modified: April 19, 2004 Figure 1. Cross section of ear. Otosclerosis involves the small bones of the middle ear, the malleus (2), the incus (3) and the stapes (4), as well as the bone that surrounds the inner ear, which is called the otic capsule. Otosclerosis is a disease of the bones of the inner ear. These are labeled the malleus, incus and stapes (2-4) in figure 1, and are also known in aggregate as the "ossicles". The ossicles become knit together into an immovable mass, and do not transmit sound as well as when they are more flexible. An illustration of one form of this called "stapes fixation" is shown in figure 2. Otosclerosis can also affect the other ossicles (malleus and incus) and the otic capsule the bone that surrounds the inner ear. Figure 2. Stapes fixation in otosclerosis. A bony ankylosis (knee) knits the bone of the middle ear to the stapes, preventing normal transmission of sound from the eardrum into the inner ear. Otosclerosis is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable penetrance. This means that you have a 50-50% chance of getting the gene for otosclerosis if one parent has it, but that not everyone with the gene develop symptoms. Hearing loss usually begins between the ages of 11-30. The hearing loss can be of two types. When otosclerosis involves the small bones of the middle ear, a

7. Otosclerosis Department of Otolaryngology HealthRelated Library. What Is otosclerosis? otosclerosis affects the ears only and not other parts of the body. http://www.med.umn.edu/otol/library/otoscler.htm

Department of Otolaryngology Health-Related Library What Is Otosclerosis? Otosclerosis is an abnormal, microscopic growth of bone in the walls of the inner ear which causes the stapes bone, commonly called the "stirrup", to become frozen in place or "fixed". Normally the stapes, the smallest bone in the body, vibrates freely to allow the transmission of sound into the inner ear. When it becomes cemented to the surrounding bone it prevents sound waves from reaching the inner ear fluids, and hearing is impaired. Normally sound, which consists of vibrations of air molecules, is funneled by the auricle, or "outer ear", through the ear canal to the eardrum. Movements of the eardrum are transferred to the ossicles, and the stapes vibrates in and out of the oval window. The vibration of the stapes sets up a movement of the inner ear fluids. This, in turn, stimulates the fine sense organs of the inner ear, which then stimulate the nerve of hearing which carries the sound energy to the brain. It is this sequence of events that results in normal hearing. Occasionally the otosclerotic bone involves other structures of the inner ear so that, in addition to preventing sound from entering the ear, it causes a distortion or difficulty in understanding the speech of others, regardless of how loudly they talk. This is because the nerves of the inner ear have become affected. In such cases there is not only the "conductive" deafness already discussed, whereby sound waves are obstructed in reaching the inner ear, but in addition, "sensorineural" or "nerve" deafness, in which the function of the inner ear itself has been impaired.

8. Otosclerosis otosclerosis. One of the most common causes of hearing, which can be corrected and helped by the ear specialist, is otosclerosis. http://www.midwestear.com/educatq.htm

Otosclerosis One of the most common causes of hearing, which can be corrected and helped by the ear specialist, is otosclerosis . Although an affliction which has affected man down through the ages, in the past 25 years, ear specialist who deal with hearing problems have developed exciting new ways to help correct this sometimes severely disabling disorder. The ear is divided into three areas. The outer ear consists of the ear canal leading up to the eardrum; the middle ear contains the three hearing bones which transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear; the inner ear contains the balance nerve and the hearing nerve. The hearing nerve is inside a bony capsule called the cochlea . Sound vibrations enter the ear canal and strike the eardrum; the eardrum vibrations are then passed along the hearing bones, going first from the malleus, then to the incus, and then to the third and smallest bone, the stapes bone. The stapes bone vibrates like a piston and transmit s the sound vibrations through an entrance into the inner ear. This stapes vibration causes fluids of the inner ear to stimulate the hearing nerve within the cochlea so that sound impulses are further transmitted to the brain, and one then hears. Otosclerosis is a disease, which results in new bone formation either in the area of the stapes bone or in the cochlea housing the hearing nerve; or it can be a combination of both. When the bony deposits infiltrate the stapes bone, this bone is unable to vibrate and pass the sound into the inner ear. This results in what is called a conductive hearing loss, i.e., the sound is not being properly "conducted" into the inner ear. As a general rule, the thicker the bony deposit the greater the hearing loss, and the longer the hearing loss, the greater is the amount of deposits. The fixation of the stapes usually follows a slow and relentless course with progressively worsening hearing.

9. Otosclerosis otosclerosis Jeffrey P. Harris, MD, Ph.D. What is otosclerosis? The name otosclerosis comes from the Greek words for hard (sclero) ear (oto). http://www-surgery.ucsd.edu/ent/PatientInfo/info_otosclerosis.html

Find a Doctor Index of Patient Information Clinic Maps and Directions Otosclerosis Jeffrey P. Harris, M.D., Ph.D. What is Otosclerosis? Otosclerosis is a condition of the middle ear which causes hearing loss that gets worse over time. Unlike hearing loss resulting from damage to the inner ear, the hearing loss from otosclerosis is often reversible. The name otosclerosis comes from the Greek words for "hard" ( scler-o ) "ear" ( oto ). This is because otosclerosis is a disorder which causes a hardening of the bones of the middle ear. To understand why otosclerosis causes hearing loss, it is important to understand how the ear works. The human ear is divided into three parts: the external, middle, and inner ear. The external ear consists of the part of the ear you can see (the auricle ) and the ear canal. The middle ear includes the eardrum ( tympanic membrane ) and the three bones of the middle ear, the malleus ("hammer"), incus ("anvil"), and the stapes (pronounced STAY-PEAZ, "the stirrup"). The inner ear is a fluid-filled series of chambers. One of these chambers, the

10. Vitamin A In Tinnitus Treatment And Meniere's Disease , Hyperacusis , Otoscleros The role of Vitamin A in tinnitus, hearing loss, presbyacusis, hyperacusis, otosclerosis, and Meniere's disease. Studies show positive effects on tinnitus. Links to other relevant tinnitus sites. http://home.planet.nl/~mansm000/tinnitus/index.htm

visit the tinnitus remedies page visit tinnitus forum and tinnitis information pages homeopathic sinusitis, sinus infection , relief and drug free remedies Ginkgo biloba and Vitamin A supplements based tinnitus, meniere's disease formulas homeopathic tinnitus, meniere's disease remedies

11. Defeating Deafness : Hearing Research Trust : Our Priorities Include Tinnitus, G Defeating Deafness tinnitus, glue ear, hearing aids, cochlear implants, cholesteatoma, presbyacusis, otosclerosis http://www.defeatingdeafness.org/

Text-only version of site The UK's only national charity dedicated to helping hearing impaired people through medical research and education About Defeating Deafness Information service Our research League of Friends ... Links search sitemap Jamie gets on his bike for Defeating Deafness Long standing supporter Jamie Riach is planning one of the most challenging fundraising activities Defeating Deafness has ever seen. NHS hearing aids to be available on the high street From January 2004, NHS patients will be able to obtain high quality digital hearing aids free of charge from selected high street hearing aid dispensers. Digital Hearing Aids on the NHS As at April 2003, 66 NHS Trusts were providing digital hearing aid services for adults and/or children - you can read the full list here Latest News Bulletin Read the latest Defeating Deafness News Bulletin. Issue 6 contains articles on detecting deafness in newborn and premature babies, age-related hearing loss, and the expansion of the Defeating Deafness Information Service. Job Advertisement - Web Coordinator Join the Defeating Deafness Information Service.The role involves managing the content, operation and promotion of the Defeating Deafness website.

12. Otosclerosis Hub Links to overviews, research articles, diagnosis and treatment. http://www.knowdeep.org/otosclerosis

Otosclerosis hub Otosclerosis is a hereditary disease that produces an abnormal growth of bone of the inner ear. This bone prevents structures within the ear from working properly and causes hearing loss. For some people with otosclerosis, the hearing loss may become severe. Acne Allergy Antibiotics Antioxidants ... A Discussion of Otosclerosis - from the Department of Otolaryngology University of Florida. Otosclerosis by MEDLINEplus - updated by Ashutosh Kacker, M.D., Department of Otolaryngology, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY. Otosclerosis by Jeffrey P. Harris, M.D., Ph.D. Otosclerosis and Stapedectomy Surgery - from Stony Brook State University of New York. Otosclerosis from Boys Town National Research Hospital Otosclerosis Patient Brochure - from Michigan Ear Institute. Otosclerosis by Timothy C. Hain, MD and Alan Micco, MD Otosclerosis by Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco Otosclerosis by University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Otosclerosis - Stapes Surgery - from the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Service. Otosclerosis by Costa Apostolides, BSc, Dalhousie University

13. Otosclerosis What is otosclerosis? otosclerosis is a condition of the middle ear which causes hearing loss that gets to the inner ear, the hearing loss from otosclerosis is often reversible http://www.surgery.ucsd.edu/ent/PatientInfo/info_otosclerosis.html

Find a Doctor Index of Patient Information Clinic Maps and Directions Otosclerosis Jeffrey P. Harris, M.D., Ph.D. What is Otosclerosis? Otosclerosis is a condition of the middle ear which causes hearing loss that gets worse over time. Unlike hearing loss resulting from damage to the inner ear, the hearing loss from otosclerosis is often reversible. The name otosclerosis comes from the Greek words for "hard" ( scler-o ) "ear" ( oto ). This is because otosclerosis is a disorder which causes a hardening of the bones of the middle ear. To understand why otosclerosis causes hearing loss, it is important to understand how the ear works. The human ear is divided into three parts: the external, middle, and inner ear. The external ear consists of the part of the ear you can see (the auricle ) and the ear canal. The middle ear includes the eardrum ( tympanic membrane ) and the three bones of the middle ear, the malleus ("hammer"), incus ("anvil"), and the stapes (pronounced STAY-PEAZ, "the stirrup"). The inner ear is a fluid-filled series of chambers. One of these chambers, the

14. Discovery Health Otosclerosis otosclerosis involves the formation of new bone that affects two structures within the ear, known as the cochlea and labyrinth. http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/2336.html

15. Otosclerosis OTORRHINOLARYNGOLOGY-MEDSTUDENTS A small review of clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of otosclerosis. OTORRHINOLARYNGOLOGY. CHRISTIANE RIBEIRO ANIAS. otosclerosis. I) Introduction. http://www.medstudents.com.br/otor/otor6.htm

OTORRHINOLARYNGOLOGY CHRISTIANE RIBEIRO ANIAS Medstudents' Homepage Otosclerosis I) Introduction Otosclerosis is one of the most common causes of conductive hearing loss. It is a disease of the bone labyrinthine capsule which consists of one or more otospongiotics focus due of a more vascularized bone, instead of the little vascularized encodral bone. II) Etiology The etiology of this disease is still unknown and appears to have a multifactorial cause. There is a familial disposition in 50% to 60% of patients with a dominant inheritance, but the clinical disease only occurs in 10% of patients with histologic disease. The chance of inheriting the disease from a parent which clinically manifest disease is about 20% and from a parent with histologic disease is about 10%. Hormonal disturbances may be involved with the disease, as it is twice more common in women than in men and pregnancy coincides with a period of progression of all female patients with the disease. III) Clinical Manifestation Otosclerosis occurs more often in women, from 20-40 years, and is usually bilateral. If the otosclerotic focus involves the footplate of the stapes it results in increase of the impedance to the passage of sound through the ossicular chain, producing conductive hearing loss.When otosclerotic lesions impring the coclear, permanent sensory hearing loss occurs.

16. Otosclerosis - Patient UK otosclerosis Patient UK. A directory of UK health, disease, illness and related medical websites that provide patient information. otosclerosis. http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc.asp?doc=23069149

17. Otosclerosis otosclerosis. otosclerosis is a condition which affects the ears and is characterized by abnormal bony Symptoms otosclerosis will cause a slow but progressive loss of hearing that http://www.symptomtracker.com/page1333.htm

SymptomSolutions, Inc. The New Look Of Health And Wellness Otosclerosis Otosclerosis is a condition which affects the ears and is characterized by abnormal bony growth in the middle ear. This results in a progressive loss of hearing. Both ears may be affected. Symptoms - Otosclerosis will cause a slow but progressive loss of hearing that may be accompanied by ringing in the ears ( Tinnitus ). A person afflicted with otosclerosis may notice that their hearing is actually better in a noisy environment. Cause - The cause is not well understood but the risk increased greatly if there is a family history of otosclerosis. Pregnancy may trigger the onset of the condition. Women under age 30 are most commonly affected. Diagnosis - Observation of the aforementioned symptoms will be noted and should be evaluated by a physician. The evaluation may include a physical examination and audiological (hearing) examination. A CT scan of the head may be performed to rule out other causes for hearing loss. Treatment - Surgery can partially or completely correct hearing loss in most cases. Surgery usually involves removal of the stapes (a small bone of the middle ear) and insertion of a stapes prosthesis.

18. Otosclerosis - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia otosclerosis Información general - Translate this page otosclerosis - Información general. - Anatomía del. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otosclerosis

Otosclerosis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Otosclerosis is a hearing condition where the stapes in the ear becomes attached to the surrounding bone by a growth of abnormal bone. Sound transmission is progressively impaired so that hearing in the affected ear deteriorates. The condition can be cured by having a stapedectomy . This involves bypassing the stuck stapes by making a hole through it to the outer chamber of the inner ear and placing an artificial bone from the still moveable healthy hearing bones through the hole to the inner ear. Views Article Discussion Edit History Personal tools Log in Navigation Main Page Community portal Current events Recent changes ... Donations Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Special pages Other languages Nederlands This page was last modified 15:51, 21 Jan 2004. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (see for details). About Wikipedia

19. Otosclerosis otosclerosis is a degenerative disease of ear bone in which the consistency of the soundconducting bones changes from hard, mineralized bone to spongy http://www.entcolumbia.org/otoscler.htm

Otosclerosis What is Otosclerosis? Otosclerosis is a disease of ear bone degeneration that most commonly develops during the teen or early adult years. In otosclerosis, the consistency of the sound-conducting bones of the ear changes from hard, mineralized bone to spongy, immature bone tissue (otosclerosis is sometimes called otospongiosis for this reason). Such degeneration can cause a buildup of excess bone tissue around the stapes (a bone in the middle ear), which in turn causes the stapes to become fixed. This immobilization prevents the stapes from vibrating as it normally does while processing sound. When sound is prevented from being conducted to the inner ear, a person experiences a conductive hearing loss . In otosclerosis the nerve associated with hearing may also be affected, causing sensorineural hearing loss . The cause of nerve damage associated with otosclerosis is not fully understood, but may occur because of toxic enzymes released into the cochlea. If hearing loss is caused by both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, it is called mixed hearing loss What Causes Otosclerosis?

20. Stapedectomy For Otosclerosis Stapedectomy is a surgical treatment for otosclerosis. Stapedectomy is very effective for restoring conductive hearing loss caused by otosclerosis. http://www.entcolumbia.org/stape.htm

Stapedectomy for Otosclerosis Otosclerosis is a disease of ear bone degeneration that most commonly develops during the teen or early adult years. In otosclerosis, the consistency of the sound-conducting bones of the ear changes from hard, mineralized bone to spongy, immature bone tissue. This can result in a buildup of inappropriate bone around the stapes foot-plate (a bone in the middle ear). This buildup of bone causes the stapes to become fixed and prevents it from vibrating normally. The lack of vibration prevents sound from being conducted to the inner, leading to a conductive hearing loss. How is Stapedectomy Performed? Stapedectomy is a surgical treatment for otosclerosis. In stapedectomy, the immobilized stapes is removed, and a tiny platinum or stainless steel prosthesis is inserted in the middle ear to replace it. The artificial prosthesis is less than 1/8 of an inch long. There are variations in stapedectomy depending on the extent of the disease. More extensive damage may require removal of the entire stapes footplate, while a small focus of disease allows for removal of less tissue. In patients with very extensive thickened tissue covering the oval window (obliterative otosclerosis), stapedectomy can not be performed. In such cases the stapes suprastructure is removed and the surgeon uses a small drill to thin out the oval window. An opening is made in the footplate, and the prosthesis is then positioned.

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