81. Biomedicine Database, 16 GENE EXPRESSION OF 5LIPOXYGENASE AND LTA4 HYDROLASE IN RENAL TISSUE OF nephrotic syndrome PATIENTS E. Menegatti, D. Roccatello, K http://www.xagena.it/biomedicine/biom0018.htm

GENE EXPRESSION OF 5-LIPOXYGENASE AND LTA4 HYDROLASE IN RENAL TISSUE OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME PATIENTS E. Menegatti, D. Roccatello, K. Fadden, M. Chiara, G. Piccoli, L.M. Sena, A.Rifai Dipartimento di Medicina e Oncologia Sperimentale e Istituto di Nefro-Urologia, Università di Torino, Italy. Pathology Department, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA Home page 5-Lipoxygenase Home page BIOMEDICINE DATABASE Home page MOLECULAR MEDICINE

82. Interventions For Preventing Infection In Nephrotic Syndrome (Cochrane Review) Interventions for preventing infection in nephrotic syndrome (Cochrane Review). Interventions for preventing infection in nephrotic syndrome (Cochrane Review). http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/ab003964.htm

From The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2004 Interventions for preventing infection in nephrotic syndrome (Cochrane Review) Wu HM, Tang JL, Sha ZH, Cao l, Li YP ABSTRACT Order full review View and/or submit comments What's new in this issue Search abstracts ... Browse by Review Group A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 12 January 2004. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: Infection is one of the most common complications and still remains a significant cause of morbidity and occasionally mortality in patients, especially children with nephrotic syndrome. Many different prophylactic interventions have been used or recommended for reducing the risks of infection in nephrotic syndrome in clinical practice. Whether the existing evidence is scientifically rigorous and which prophylactic intervention can be recommended for routine use based on the current evidence is still unknown. Objectives: To assess the benefits and harms of any prophylactic interventions for reducing the risk of infection in children and adults with nephrotic syndrome. Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Renal Group Specialised Register (January 2003), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2003), MEDLINE and Pre-MEDLINE (1966 - February 2003), EMBASE (1980 - February 2003), China Biological Medicine Database (CBMdisc, 1979 - December 2002), reference lists of nephrology textbooks, review articles, relevant trials and abstracts from nephrology scientific meetings without language restriction.

83. Corticosteroid Therapy For Nephrotic Syndrome In Children (Cochrane Review) Corticosteroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome in children (Cochrane Review). Children with untreated nephrotic syndrome frequently die from infections. http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/ab001533.htm

From The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2004 Corticosteroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome in children (Cochrane Review) Hodson EM, Knight JF, Willis NS, Craig JC ABSTRACT Order full review View and/or submit comments What's new in this issue Search abstracts ... Browse by Review Group A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 20 January 2003. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: In nephrotic syndrome protein leaks from the blood to the urine through the glomeruli resulting in hypoproteinaemia and generalised oedema. Children with untreated nephrotic syndrome frequently die from infections. The majority of children with nephrotic syndrome respond to corticosteroids. However about 70% of children experience a relapsing course with recurrent episodes of oedema and proteinuria. Corticosteroid usage has reduced the mortality rate in childhood nephrotic syndrome to around 3%, with infection remaining the most important cause of death. However corticosteroids have known adverse effects such as obesity, poor growth, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and adrenal suppression. The original treatment schedules for childhood nephrotic syndrome were developed in an ad hoc manner. The optimal doses and durations of corticosteroid therapy that are most beneficial and least harmful have not been clarified. Objectives: The aim of this review was to determine the benefits and harms of different corticosteroid regimens in preventing relapse in children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS).

84. Urology - Nephrotic Syndrome nephrotic syndrome. What is nephrotic syndrome? nephrotic syndrome high cholesterol. What causes nephrotic syndrome? Generally, nephrotic http://uuhsc.utah.edu/healthinfo/adult/urology/nephsyn.htm

Nephrotic Syndrome What is nephrotic syndrome? Nephrotic syndrome is a condition often characterized by the following: very high levels of protein in the urine low levels of protein in the blood swelling, especially around the eyes, feet, and hands high cholesterol What causes nephrotic syndrome? Generally, nephrotic syndrome results from damage to the kidneys' glomeruli - the tiny blood vessels that filter waste and excess water from the blood and send them to the bladder as urine. However, in some cases, the cause remains unknown. Nephrotic syndrome may occur with many diseases, including the kidney diseases caused by type 2 diabetes. Prevention of nephrotic syndrome relies on controlling these diseases. What are the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome? Nephrotic syndrome is actually a set of symptoms, and not a disease, necessarily, in and of itself. The following are the most common symptoms of nephrotic syndrome. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: high blood pressure swelling in the feet and hands, and around the eyes

85. Genitourinary And Kidney Disorders - Nephrotic Syndrome nephrotic syndrome. What is nephrotic syndrome? nephrotic syndrome is What are the different types of nephrotic syndrome? The type of http://uuhsc.utah.edu/healthinfo/pediatric/urology/nephro.htm

Nephrotic Syndrome What is nephrotic syndrome? Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the following symptoms that result from changes that occur to the small, functional structures in the kidneys, such as: very high levels of protein in the urine low levels of protein in the blood due to its loss in the urine tissue swelling all over the body (edema) especially in the abdomen (ascites) high cholesterol levels in the blood What are the different types of nephrotic syndrome? The type of nephrotic syndrome that is most common in children is called idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Idiopathic means that a disease occurs with no known cause. The most common type of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is called minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is more common in boys than girls. With MCNS, the child usually has relapses of the illness, but the disease can usually be managed and prognosis is good. In rare cases, a child may develop kidney failure that requires dialysis. There is a rare nephrotic syndrome present in the first week of life called "congenital nephrotic syndrome." Congenital nephrotic syndrome is inherited by an autosomal recessive gene, which means that males and females are equally affected, and the child inherited one copy of the gene from each parent, who are carriers. The chance for carrier parents to have a child with congenital nephrotic syndrome is one in four, or 25 percent, with each pregnancy. The outcome for this type of nephrotic syndrome is extremely poor.

86. Urology - Nephrotic Syndrome nephrotic syndrome What is nephrotic syndrome? nephrotic syndrome high cholesterol. What causes nephrotic syndrome? Generally, nephrotic http://www.muschealth.com/urology_GS/nephsyn.htm

Nephrotic Syndrome What is nephrotic syndrome? Nephrotic syndrome is a condition often characterized by the following: very high levels of protein in the urine low levels of protein in the blood swelling, especially around the eyes, feet, and hands high cholesterol What causes nephrotic syndrome? Generally, nephrotic syndrome results from damage to the kidneys' glomeruli - the tiny blood vessels that filter waste and excess water from the blood and send them to the bladder as urine. However, in some cases, the cause remains unknown. Nephrotic syndrome may occur with many diseases, including the kidney diseases caused by type 2 diabetes. Prevention of nephrotic syndrome relies on controlling these diseases. What are the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome? Nephrotic syndrome is actually a set of symptoms, and not a disease, necessarily, in and of itself. The following are the most common symptoms of nephrotic syndrome. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: high blood pressure swelling in the feet and hands, and around the eyes

87. FamilyFun: Health Encyclopedia: Nephrotic Syndrome An excerpt on nephrotic syndrome from the Disney Encyclopedia of Baby and Child Care. Great ideas and advice at Family Fun. Search FamilyFun. nephrotic syndrome. http://familyfun.go.com/parenting/child/health/childhealth/dony79enc_nephs/

Search FamilyFun Tools Parent Problem Solver Field Guide to Parenting Pregnancy Calendar ... Solutions A to Z Nephrotic Syndrome This is a kidney disorder in which the tiny filtering units in the kidney (the glomeruli) are damaged. This impairs the kidneys' ability to filter and excrete waste products and water into the urine. Protein escapes into the urine instead of recirculating back into the bloodstream, causing a protein deficiency. Fluid is retained in the body's tissues because of the low blood protein. The urine volume is reduced and the body becomes swollen. The cause of nephrotic syndrome is often obscure. If diagnosed and treated early, the disease usually resolves over time, although in rare cases it can become chronic. WHEN SHOULD I SUSPECT THAT MY CHILD HAS NEPHROTIC SYNDROME? The signs and symptoms of nephrotic syndrome develop gradually over a period of days or weeks. The first symptom may be weight gain, which a parent can easily misinterpret as a sign of normal growth. It is actually due to water retention, which soon causes puffiness around the eyes, followed by swelling of the face, abdomen and ankles. Urine output decreases by as much as 80 percent; the urine looks dark and frothy. The child may be lethargic and have a poor appetite but, overall, may not seem very ill. WHAT CAUSES NEPHROTIC SYNDROME?

88. Nephrotic Syndrome nephrotic syndrome. What is nephrotic syndrome? nephrotic syndrome is What are the different types of nephrotic syndrome? The type of http://www.stlouischildrens.org/articles/content.asp?pageid=P03098

89. Disease - Nephrotic Syndrome - Hartford, Connecticut , Saint Francis Care Disease nephrotic syndrome - courtesy of Saint Francis Care of Hartford, Connecticut, contemporary medicine with major clinical concentrations in heart http://www.saintfranciscare.com/13034.cfm

@import url(main.css); About Us Health Information Adam Article Manager CareMail Signup ... Ways To Help Adam Article Manager Back Back to main Health Information page Disease - Nephrotic syndrome Male urinary system Definition: Nephrotic syndrome is a constellation of signs and symptoms including protein in the urine (exceeding 3.5 grams per day), low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, and swelling . The urine may also contain fat, which is visible under the microscope. Alternative Names: Nephrosis Causes And Risk: Nephrotic syndrome is caused by various disorders that damage the kidneys, particularly the basement membrane of the glomerulus. This immediately causes abnormal excretion of protein in the urine The most common cause in children is minimal change disease , while membranous glomerulonephritis is the most common cause in adults. This condition can also occur as a result of infection, drug exposure, malignancy , hereditary disorders, immune disorders, or diseases that affect multiple body systems including diabetes systemic lupus erythematosus multiple myeloma , and amyloidosis . It can accompany kidney disorders, including

90. Nephrotic Syndrome Virtual Hospital University of Iowa Family Practice Handbook 8. Nephrology and Urology Proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, and Nephritic Urine. Sudha present. nephrotic syndrome. General. Nephrotic http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0621.html

Nephrotic syndrome DESCRIPTION: A syndrome comprising glomerular proteinuria (3.5 g per 1.73m2 body-surface area/day), hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia and edema as a result of a primary renal disease or secondary to another disease process. System(s) affected: Renal/Urologic, Endocrine/Metabolic Genetics: N/A Incidence/Prevalence in USA: Children - 2:100,000 new cases/year Adults - 3:100,000 new cases/year Predominant age: Children - 1.5-6 years (MCD) Adults - all ages (FGS, MGN more common USA; IgG-IgA worldwide) Predominant sex: Male = Female CAUSES: Primary renal disease Fibrillary glomerulopathy (primary) Focal glomerulonephritis Focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) IgA nephropathy Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis Minimal change disease (MCD) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) Congenital nephrotic syndrome Secondary renal disease. Associated primary renal disease shown in brackets: Allergens (snake venoms, antitoxins, poison ivy, insect stings) Amyloidosis Carcinoma (bronchogenic, breast, colon, stomach, kidney) [MGN, etc]

91. Nephrotic Syndrome Detailed information on nephrotic syndrome, including types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. nephrotic syndrome. What is nephrotic syndrome? http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/peds_urology/nephro.cfm

@import url(/assets/UVAHealth/ssi/css/greystone_advance.css); Adolescent Medicine Allergy/Asthma/Immunology Blood Disorders Burns Cancer Common Injuries/Poison Tips Craniofacial Anomalies Dermatology Diabetes/Endo/Metabolism Eye Care Genitourinary/Kidney High-Risk Newborn High-Risk Pregnancy Infectious Diseases Medical Genetics Mental Health Nervous System Disorders Normal Newborns Oral Health Orthopaedics Pediatric Surgery Respiratory Disorders Terminal Illness in Children Transplantation FIND A DOCTOR MAKE AN APPOINTMENT CALENDAR OF EVENTS CLINICAL TRIALS Nephrotic Syndrome What is nephrotic syndrome? Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the following symptoms that result from changes that occur to the small, functional structures in the kidneys, such as: very high levels of protein in the urine low levels of protein in the blood due to its loss in the urine tissue swelling all over the body (edema) especially in the abdomen (ascites) high cholesterol levels in the blood What are the different types of nephrotic syndrome? The type of nephrotic syndrome that is most common in children is called idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Idiopathic means that a disease occurs with no known cause. The most common type of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is called minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is more common in boys than girls.

92. Nephrotic Syndrome Detailed information on nephrotic syndrome, including cause, symptom, diagnosis, and treatment. nephrotic syndrome. What is nephrotic syndrome? http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/adult_urology/nephsyn.cfm

@import url(/assets/UVAHealth/ssi/css/greystone_advance.css); Blood Disorders Bone Disorders Breast Health Cardiovascular Disease Dermatology Diabetes Digestive Disorders Endocrinology Environmental Medicine Eye Care Glossary Gynecological Health Infectious Diseases Kidney Disease Men's Health Mental Health Nervous System Disorders Non-Trauma Emergency Oral Health Orthopaedics Otolaryngology Pathology Pediatrics, General Health Prostate Health Radiology Respiratory Disorders Skin Cancer Surgical Care Urology Women's Health FIND A DOCTOR MAKE AN APPOINTMENT CALENDAR OF EVENTS CLINICAL TRIALS ... WHY CHOOSE UVA Nephrotic Syndrome What is nephrotic syndrome? Nephrotic syndrome is a condition often characterized by the following: very high levels of protein in the urine low levels of protein in the blood swelling, especially around the eyes, feet, and hands high cholesterol What causes nephrotic syndrome? Generally, nephrotic syndrome results from damage to the kidneys' glomeruli - the tiny blood vessels that filter waste and excess water from the blood and send them to the bladder as urine. However, in some cases, the cause remains unknown. Nephrotic syndrome may occur with many diseases, including the kidney diseases caused by type 2 diabetes. Prevention of nephrotic syndrome relies on controlling these diseases.

93. Nephrotic Syndrome nephrotic syndrome. Image URL Finnish nephrosis, Image URL Lymphoma with nephrotic syndrome, Image URL Lymphoma with nephrotic syndrome, http://www.brisbio.ac.uk/ROADS/subject-listing/nephroticsyndrome.html

A collection of medical, dental and veterinary images for use in teaching. Home About the Archive FAQ Terms and Conditions ... Help Nephrotic Syndrome Finnish nephrosis Finnish nephrosis Finnish nephrosis Finnish nephrosis Lymphoma with nephrotic syndrome Lymphoma with nephrotic syndrome Lymphoma with nephrotic syndrome stained for C3 Lymphoma with nephrotic syndrome stained for C3 Lymphoma with nephrotic syndrome Lymphoma with nephrotic syndrome Lymphoma with nephrotic syndrome Lymphoma with nephrotic syndrome Nephrotic kidney Nephrotic syndrome Nephrotic syndrome Nephrotic syndrome and lymphosarcoma Nephrotic syndrome and lymphosarcoma Nephrotic syndrome and lymphosarcoma Nephrotic syndrome and lymphosarcoma

94. Urological Disorders, Glomerular, Nephrotic Syndrome More nephrotic syndrome Categories » Submit Your Site to the nephrotic syndrome category. Submit Your Site to the nephrotic syndrome category. http://www.iseekhealth.com/nephrotic_syndrome-2294.php

Home About Us Contact Submit Your Site Search : Home Health Conditions and Diseases Urological Disorders ... Nephrotic Syndrome More Nephrotic Syndrome Categories: Submit Your Site to the Nephrotic Syndrome category Australian Kidney Foundation - Explains what nephrotic syndrome is, the causes, the types, treatment and complications. Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome - An in depth look at this disorder. Included is a look at the kidneys and what there function is. Also a discussion about the treatment, prednisone and what some of the effects might be. Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome - An introduction, a look at minimal change disease other conditions and hope through research. Dr Hull Encyclopedia - A description of nephrotic syndrome with a look at the causes and treatments. Drkoop.com: Medical Encyclopedia - Details about nephyotic syndrome such as a definition, the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. General Practice Notebook - Nephrotic syndrome - Clinically-oriented information. Go Ask Alice - Information about nephrotic syndrome, including what it is, they symptoms and treatment.

95. Congential Nephrotic Syndrome And Nephrin Congenital nephrotic syndrome and Nephrin. Positional cloning of the gene for congenital nephrotic syndrome was a groundbraking result http://www.mbb.ki.se/matrix/neph.html

Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephrin Selected references: 1. Kestilþ, M., Mþnnikkš, M., Holmberg, C., Gyapay, G., Weissenbach, J., Savolainen, E.-R., Peltonen, L. and Tryggvason, K.: Congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type maps to the long arm of chromosome 19. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 54, 757-764, 1994. 2. Kestilþ, M., Lenkkeri, U., Mþnnikkš, M., Lamerdin, J., McCready, P., Putaala, H., Ruotsalainen, V., Morita, T., Nissinen, M., Herva, R., Kashtan, C.E., Peltonen, L., Holmberg, C., Olsen, A., and Tryggvason, K.: Positionally cloned gene for a novel glomerular protein - nephrin - is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome. Mol. Cell, 1, 575-582, 1998. 3. Lenkkeri, U., Mþnnikkš, M., McCready, P., Lamerdin, J., Gribouval, O., Niaudet, P., Antignac, C., Kashtan, C. E., Holmberg, C., Olsen, A., Kestilþ, M., and Tryggvason, K.: Structure of the gene for congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (NPHS1) and characterization of mutations. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 64, 51-61, 1999. 4. Ruotsalainen, V., Ljungberg, P., Wartiovaara, J., Lenkkeri, U., Kestilþ, M., Jalanko, H., Holmberg, C., and Tryggvason, K.: Nephrin is located in the slit membrane of glomerular podocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 96, 7962-7967, 1999.

96. Nephrotic Syndrome nephrotic syndrome. nephrotic syndrome, Usually defined as urinary protein 3g per day, with hypoalbuminaemia, generalised oedema and, usually, hyperlipidaemia. http://www.rcpa.edu.au/pathman/nephroti.htm

This site has been updated. Please go to www.rcpamanual.edu.au This page will be permanently removed on 30th September 2004. Please update your links. Nephrotic syndrome Nephrotic syndrome FBC and blood film . Renal loss of immunoglobulins and complement components may predispose to infection. Primary glomerular disease Glomerulonephritis esp Minimal change disease (children) Primary membranous GN Hereditary nephropathies eg Alport syndrome Glomerulopathy associated with other diseases Diabetes mellitus SLE Drug reactions eg Gold Penicillamine Captopril NSAID Infections eg Hepatitis B virus infection Malaria Neoplasia eg Lymphoma (non-Hodgkins) Carcinoma Multiple myeloma Amyloidosis

97. Nephrotic Syndrome --  Encyclopædia Britannica nephrotic syndrome Encyclopædia Britannica Article. The nephrotic syndrome occurs usually in young children or young adults. Persons . http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=56683

98. Richard F. Ransom's Laboratory Web Page: Nephrotic Syndrome 2002) nephrotic syndrome. nephrotic syndrome proteins. 1. Hoyer, JR (1982) Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with minimal changes. Contemp Issues http://sitemaker.umich.edu/ransom.lab/nephrotic_syndrome

Richard F. Ransom's Laboratory Web Page Home The Glomerular Podocyte Nephrotic Syndrome Glucocorticoids Laboratory Manuscripts Podocyte Foot Process Effacement. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of foot processes from normal ( A ) and effaced ( B ) rat podocyte foot processes as seen from the basal aspect (i.e., from within the glomerular capillary with the capillary endothelium and glomerular basement membrane removed) . Effaced foot processes are from rats treated with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) to induce an experimental nephrotic syndrome image modified from Shirato I, Microsc Res Tech Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrotic syndrome is common in adults and is among the most common kidney diseases in children, with an estimated incidence of 2-7 new cases per 100,000 children annually ( ). During development of NS, several morphologic changes occur in glomerular podocytes at the electron microscopic level. These changes include cell swelling, retraction and effacement of the distal podocyte foot processes, vacuole formation, occurrence of occluding junctions with displacement of slit diaphragms, and detachment of the podocyte from the GBM ( ). Foot process effacement, often with detachment from the underlying GBM, correlates closely with the development of proteinuria ( ) and is the characteristic ultrastructural finding for NS. ... Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol Contact Information: Richard F. Ransom

99. ¥Í¥Õ¥í¡¼¥¼¾É¸õ·² Nephrotic Syndrome The summary for this Japanese page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://akimichi.homeunix.net/~emile/aki/medical/renal/node48.html

Next: Èù¾®ÊѲ½·²¥Í¥Õ¥í¡¼¥¼¾É¸õ·²,¥ê¥Ý¥¤¥É¥Í¥Õ¥í¡¼¥¼ minimal change nephrotic Up: Previous: ¿Õ±ê¾É¸õ·² nephritic syndrome ¥Í¥Õ¥í¡¼¥¼¾É¸õ·² nephrotic syndrome ŵµò: STEP¿Õ¡¦¸ÆµÛ´ï1ÈÇ [ , p.117] , p.127] ŵµò: Pathophysiology [ , p.390] , p.93] , p.1299] Ç¢¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯ 3.5[g/day]°Ê¾å Áí¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯ 6[g/dl]°Ê²¼ ·ìÀ¶¥³¥ì¥¹¥Æ¥í¡¼¥ë 250[mg/dl]°Ê¾å »åµåÂδðÄìË줬¾ã³²¤µ¤ì¤Æ¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯ÁªÂòÀ­¤ÎÄã²¼¤¬À¸¤¸¤ë¤ÈÇ¢æ¤Ë¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¤¬Ï³½Ð¤¹¤ë¡£ ¤Ê¤ª¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥Õ¥§¥ê¥ó¤Ï¥¢¥ë¥Ö¥ß¥ó¤È¥µ¥¤¥º¤¬¶á¤¤¤Î¤Ç¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥Õ¥§¥ê¥ó¤ÈIgG ¤È¤ÎÈæ selectivity index ¤ò¤â¤ ¤Æ¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯Æ©²á¤ÎÁªÂòÀ­¤Î»Øɸ¤È¤Ê¤¹¡£ charge-barrier¤Î¾ã³² Àµ¾ï¤Ç¤Ï»åµåÂÎÌÓºÙ·ì´É¤ÎÊɤϱ¢À­¤Ë²ÙÅŤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢±¢À­¤Ë²ÙÅŤ·¤¿¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¤ÏÄ̲ᤷ¤Ë¤¯¤¤¡£ ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¥¢¥ë¥Ö¥ß¥ó¤Ï±¢À­¤Ë²ÙÅŤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤áÀµ¾ï¤ÊÇ¢¤Ë¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤Éßɲᤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£ ¤·¤¿¤¬¤¤Æcharge-barrier¤¬¾ã³²¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¼ç¤Ë¥¢¥ë¥Ö¥ß¥ó¤¬Ç¢æ¤ËÁý²¤¹¤ë¡£ size-barrier¤Î¾ã³² size-barrier¤Î¾ã³²¤Ë¤è¤¤Æ¥°¥í¥Ö¥ê¥ó¤âÇ¢æ¤ËÁý²¤·¡¢ selectivity index ¤Ï¾å¾º¤¹¤ë¡£ Á°æú¹üÉô¤Î°µº¯À­Éâ¼ð pretibial pitting edema Á°æú¹üÉô¤Î°µº¯À­Éâ¼ð pretibial pitting edema ¿ÇÇ´ð½à¤Ï3.5[g/day]°Ê¾å¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

100. NEJM -- The Nephrotic Syndrome Review Article from The New England Journal of Medicine The nephrotic syndrome. Next Next. The nephrotic syndrome. Stephan R. Orth, MD, and Eberhard Ritz, MD. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/338/17/1202

HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Please sign in for full text and personal services Previous Volume 338:1202-1211 April 23, 1998 Number 17 Next The Nephrotic Syndrome Stephan R. Orth, M.D., and Eberhard Ritz, M.D. Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings. Full Text PDF Letters Add to Personal Archive ... Chapters at Harrison's The nephrotic syndrome is defined by a urinary protein level exceeding 3.5 g per 1.73 m of body-surface area per day. At the turn of the century, clinicians distinguished a nephritic syndrome of inflammatory origin and a nephrotic syndrome of presumed degenerative origin. Today these concepts are outmoded, but the term "nephrotic syndrome" is clinically useful and has persisted, because heavy proteinuria, irrespective of its origin, is associated with a spectrum of clinically important sequelae, particularly sodium retention, hyperlipoproteinemia, and thromboembolic and infectious complications. The definition given above is arbitrary, however, and special significance should not be given

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