21. Nephrotic Syndrome nephrotic syndrome. from EdREN, the website of the Renal Unit of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. What is nephrotic syndrome? It http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/NephroticLong.html

Nephrotic Syndrome from EdREN , the website of the Renal Unit of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh What is nephrotic syndrome? What trouble does it cause? What tests are necessary? Can I do without a biopsy? ... Where can I get further information? What is nephrotic syndrome? It is the name given to a condition when large amounts of protein leak out into the urine. Normal urine should contain almost no protein. In nephrotic syndrome the leak is large enough so that the levels of protein in the blood fall. This page has quite detailed information. If you want a more simple summary, go to our page with short information on nephrotic syndrome What trouble does it cause? The most obvious symptom is usually swelling of the ankles and legs. Extra fluid may also accumulate in the abdomen and around the face, especially overnight. In children and young adults the ankles may be less affected and the abdomen and face more affected. Most ankle swelling is caused by other diseases ; nephrotic syndrome is a rare cause of ankle swelling. Urine tests and blood samples are required to prove that nephrotic syndrome is the cause. The protein leak can sometimes make the urine frothy. Some people feel tired. Other problems can occur in nephrotic syndrome, probably as a result of some particular proteins that are missing because of the leak.

22. Nephrotic Syndrome Glomerular Disorders Associated with nephrotic syndrome. General Aspects. Primary Renal Disorders Associated with nephrotic syndrome. GLOMERULAR DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH nephrotic syndrome. These disorders may be inflammatory (i.e. Definition the nephrotic syndrome is a renal disorder with many possible causes http://cats.med.uvm.edu/cats_teachingmod/pathology/path302/renal/reel/rephrotic.

KIDNEY DISEASE Glomerular Disorders Associated with Nephrotic Syndrome General Aspects Primary Renal Disorders Associated with Nephrotic Syndrome GLOMERULAR DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME These disorders may be inflammatory (i.e. nephritic) or noninflammatory, but all of them are associated wit nephrotic range proteinuria. I. General Aspects A. Definition: the nephrotic syndrome is a renal disorder with many possible causes characterized by massive proteinuria (greater than 50 mg/kg/day), hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria, and generalized edema. B.Pathogenesis: the renal diseases associated with the nephrotic syndrome produce an increase in glomerular permeability for large molecules such as proteins. This may result from generalized basement membrane injury or loss of basement membrane - associated polyanions. C. Clinical features: The main clinical feature is edema. Clinical findings associated with a poor prognosis include hematuria, hypertension, nonselective proteinuria, abnormal renal function tests, oliguria, occurrence in adults, and failure to respond to steroids.

23. Nephrotic Syndrome nephrotic syndrome. from EdREN, the website of the Renal Unit of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. What is nephrotic syndrome? http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/NephroticShort.html

Nephrotic syndrome from EdREN , the website of the Renal Unit of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh What is nephrotic syndrome? It is the name given to a condition when large amounts of protein leak out into the urine. Normal urine should contain almost no protein. In nephrotic syndrome the leak is large enough so that the levels of protein in the blood fall. This is a short page about it. There is another page with more detailed information What trouble does it cause? The most obvious symptom is usually swelling of the ankles and legs. Extra fluid may also accumulate in the abdomen and around the face, especially overnight. In children and young adults the ankles may be less affected and the abdomen and face more affected. The protein leak can sometimes make the urine frothy. Some people feel tired. There can also be some other important effects: Increased risk of infection Raised blood cholesterol Increased risk of blood clotting What tests are necessary? Lots of blood tests are useful. The most important test however is a renal biopsy. This test is designed to take a small piece of kidney to look at under the microscope. A scanner is used to find the kidney so the test is done in the X-ray department. Using local anaesthetic a needle is placed into the kidney through the back. This requires a brief hospital admission. What causes nephrotic syndrome?

24. Newsroom nephrotic syndrome. What is nephrotic syndrome? nephrotic syndrome may occur when the filtering units of the kidney are damaged. What causes nephrotic syndrome? http://www.kidney.org/general/news/factsheet.cfm?id=18

25. Methodist Health Care System An article about nephrotic syndrome with an explanation as to what it is, the causes and treatment. http://www.methodisthealth.com/urogen/nephsyn.htm

26. Encyclopaedia Topic : Nephrotic Syndrome, Section : Introduction NHS Direct Online Health Encyclopaedia. nephrotic syndrome. Search. Help. nephrotic syndrome also features abnormally high levels of blood cholesterol. http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/en.asp?TopicID=324

27. EMedicine - Nephrotic Syndrome : Article By Luther Travis, MD nephrotic syndrome The word nephrosis, or what often is called primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS), has its origin in the early part of the 20th century. http://www.emedicine.com/PED/topic1564.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Nephrology Nephrotic Syndrome Last Updated: May 26, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: NS, nephrosis, lipoid nephrosis, primary nephrotic syndrome, PNS, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, INS, secondary nephrotic syndrome, minimal change nephrotic syndrome, MCNS, minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome, MLNS, nil disease, steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, SSNS, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, SRNS, steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, SDNS, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, MPN, immunoglobulin M nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, FSGS, membranoproliferative or mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, MPGN, hypocomplementemic glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, MGN, congenital nephrotic syndrome AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Luther Travis, MD

28. Nephrotic Syndrome A description of nephrotic syndrome with a look at the causes and treatments. http://www.drhull.com/EncyMaster/N/nephrotic_syndrome.html

Help for sleepless parents Encyclopedia Index N nephrotic syndrome Search nephrotic syndrome Ordinarily the kidneys work very efficiently to cleanse the blood of waste products and retain the normal blood constituents - water, salts, and proteins. Nephrotic syndrome, or nephrosis, is a condition in which the kidneys leak protein out of the bloodstream and into the urine. The "basement membrane" of the kidney becomes leaky to proteins and these spill out into the urine. The resultant low blood protein levels cause water to build up in the tissues and the child becomes quite puffy. This disease often follows a routine viral respiratory illness; the cause is not known but is assumed to be an auto-immune phenomenon. It is in the majority of cases relatively benign and self-limited. Steroids often produce rapid improvement. Sometimes nephrosis is only part of a larger problem of inflammation of the kidney, and then favorable prognosis is more uncertain. Peritonitis is a concern in children with nephotic syndrome.

29. Pediatric Oncall- DIET IN NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Information about diet and nephrotic syndrome. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/DietandDisease/diet_in_nephrotic.asp

PARENT CORNER Search GO Home Back Search for Pediatricians Hospitals Special Schools Baby Names Holistic Medicines Alternative Medicine Home Made Remedies Guest Book Guest Book Discussion Boards Share Experience Post Query ... Specialist Answers DIET IN NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Nephrotic syndrome occurs when the filters in the kidney leak an excessive amount of protein. The level of protein in the blood then falls and this allows fluid to leak across very small blood vessels into the tissues. Swelling around the eyes, abdomen and legs is a consequence of this process. The disease is characterised by proteinuria (Excessive protein especially albumin in the urine), low blood protein and oedema(swelling in the tissues). Protein losses in the urine are commonly 5-10gms per day but may also exceed 30gms per day. Clinical symptoms: Swelling(oedema) General Around the eyes In the extremities, especially feet and ankles.

30. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 17, Ch. 224, Glomerular Diseases General. Nephritic Syndrome. nephrotic syndrome. click here for navigation help. nephrotic syndrome. MULTISYSTEM DISEASES PRESENTING WITH nephrotic syndrome. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section17/chapter224/224c.jsp

31. Australian Kidney Foundation Explains what nephrotic syndrome is, the causes, the types, treatment and complications. http://www.kidney.org.au/renal_resources/fact_sheets/nephrotic_in_children.asp

Nephrotic syndrome occurs when the filters in the kidney leak an excessive amount of protein. The level of protein in the blood then falls and this allows fluid to leak across very small blood vessels into the tissues. Swelling around the eyes, abdomen and legs is a consequence of this process. Protein in the body is normally made by the liver and the liver then responds by producing extra protein. Nephrotic syndrome is a combination of proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine), low blood protein and oedema (swelling in the tissues). Most cases of nephrotic syndrome are caused by changes in the immune system. Certain types of white cell may produce substances that act on the filters in the kidney to produce a change in the filter permeability or leakiness. This allows protein to leak into the urine. Other forms of nephrotic syndrome are caused by increased numbers of inflammatory and other cells in the filters also making them leaky. In some instances this may result it permanent damage to the filters. The commonest type of nephrotic syndrome in children is called "minimal change" and occurs in 80% of cases. In this type the kidney function remains normal. A small percentage of children may have partial scarring involving some of their filters, while others may have a significant increase in the number of cells in the filters.

32. THE MERCK MANUALSECOND HOME EDITION, Nephrotic Syndrome In Ch. nephrotic syndrome. nephrotic syndrome is a glomerular disorder microalbuminuria), or it can develop suddenly. nephrotic syndrome can occur at any age. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual_home2/sec11/ch144/ch144c.jsp

33. Welcome To The NephCure Foundation Supporting Research Into NephroticSyndrome An Information on research, treatment and coping with nephrotic syndrome and FSGS. http://www.nephcure.org

This is Amanda's Story Amanda Stewart was normal, healthy, happy 8 year old little girl, who spent her days going to school and teasing and playing with her siblings: her identical twin sister and ten year old brother. All this changed in April of 2002. On April 1st, after the family's bout with the flu, Amanda had Nephrotic Syndrome and through a biopsy was diagnosed with Minimal Change Disease. No one really knows what causes this condition or how people contract it, but...Amanda did not prove to be typical. Read Amanda's story and other Personal Stories Ed Hearn Leads NephCure Delegation to Washington Former Major League baseball player Ed Hearn led The NephCure Foundation's delegation in Washington, DC from April 19 to 21...

34. RENAL DISEASE: GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AND NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Pathophysiology Of Dise RENAL DISEASE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AND nephrotic syndrome Pathophysiology of Disease Chapter 16 (398401). 04/14/2000. Click here to start. http://www.auburn.edu/~deruija/renal_part4/

RENAL DISEASE: GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AND NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Pathophysiology of Disease: Chapter 16 (398-401) Click here to start Table of Contents RENAL DISEASE: GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AND NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Pathophysiology of Disease: Chapter 16 (398-401) GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AND NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (Pages 398-400) GLOMERULONEPHRITIS: Clinical manifestations (pages 400-401) NEPHROTIC SYNDROME: Clinical manifestations (pages 400-401) ... Nephrotic Syndrome (page 398-400) Author: Jack DeRuiter Email: deruija@auburn.edu Download presentation source

35. WebMD Health - 404 Error Offers information about nephrotic syndrome. Covers details such as alternate names, a definition, causes, incidence and risk factors, symptoms, signs and tests, treatment, prognosis, complications and when to call a doctor. http://my.webmd.com/content/healthwise/84/20838.htm

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36. KFOC - Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome Childhood nephrotic syndrome This booklet is provided free of charge to any parents in Canada whose child is receiving treatment for nephrotic syndrome. http://www.kidney.ca/english/publications/booklets/childhoodnephrotic/childhoodn

Profile Programs Volunteering Offices ... Main Page Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome This 24-page booklet was produced by The Kidney Foundation of Canada as an information tool for parents of children suffering from nephrotic syndrome. The booklet covers major topics on the management and treatment of this syndrome, and is available in English and French. Adobe PDFs: Introduction What is nephrotic syndrome? An overview... A bit more detail... What is the course of the disease? Who is affected? What causes nephrotic syndrome? What is the treatment? Steroid drugs (prednisone) Possible side effects of steroids Does steroid treatment always work? What is a kidney biopsy? Other treatment How long will my child have nephrotic syndrome? How can I help in my child's treatment? Do home urine testing Take your child for regular check-ups Choose healthy foods Plan sports and leisure activities Consider Medic Alert identification When should I get in touch with the doctor?

37. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Nephrotic Syndrome nephrotic syndrome. nephrotic syndrome is caused by various disorders that damage the kidneys, particularly the basement membrane of the glomerulus. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000490.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Nephrotic syndrome Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Male urinary system Alternative names Return to top Nephrosis Definition Return to top Nephrotic syndrome is a constellation of signs and symptoms including protein in the urine (exceeding 3.5 grams per day), low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, and swelling . The urine may also contain fat, which is visible under the microscope. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Nephrotic syndrome is caused by various disorders that damage the kidneys, particularly the basement membrane of the glomerulus. This immediately causes abnormal excretion of protein in the urine The most common cause in children is minimal change disease , while membranous glomerulonephritis is the most common cause in adults. This condition can also occur as a result of infection, drug exposure

38. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome Congenital nephrotic syndrome. Alternative names Return to top. nephrotic syndrome congenital Definition Return to top. Congenital http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001576.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Congenital nephrotic syndrome Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Calling your health care provider Illustrations Female urinary tract Male urinary tract Alternative names Return to top Nephrotic syndrome - congenital Definition Return to top Congenital nephrotic syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by protein in the urine and swelling of the body (see also Nephrotic syndrome Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Congenital nephrotic syndrome is a very rare form of nephrotic syndrome . It occurs primarily in families of Finnish origin and develops shortly after birth. It is an inherited disorder. The condition is caused by a protein called nephrin which is found in the kidney and is abnormal in children with the disorder. Proteins and fats are excreted in the urine, and there is an abnormally high fat level in the blood.

39. Nephrotic Syndrome - Urological Disorders Health Guide nephrotic syndrome. What is nephrotic syndrome? nephrotic syndrome is a condition often marked by the following What causes nephrotic syndrome? http://www.umm.edu/urology-info/nephsyn.htm

Urological Disorders Urogenital Disorders... Analgesic Nephropathy Cystocele ... Site Index Related Resources Within UMM Urology Urological Disorders Nephrotic Syndrome What is nephrotic syndrome? Nephrotic syndrome is a condition often marked by the following: very high levels of protein in the urine low levels of protein in the blood swelling, especially around the eyes, feet, and hands high cholesterol What causes nephrotic syndrome? Generally, nephrotic syndrome results from damage to the kidneys' glomeruli the tiny blood vessels that filter waste and excess water from the blood and send them to the bladder as urine although some causes remain unknown. Nephrotic syndrome may occur with many diseases, including the kidney diseases caused by type 2 diabetes. Prevention of nephrotic syndrome relies on controlling these diseases. How is nephrotic syndrome often treated? Treatment generally focuses on identifying the underlying cause, if possible, and reducing the following (often through diet, medications, or both): high cholesterol blood pressure protein in urine Consult your physician to determine if an underlying cause for your condition can be identified. Only after this determination is made can an appropriate treatment protocol be established.

40. Introduction: Nephrotic Syndrome - WrongDiagnosis.com Introduction to nephrotic syndrome as a medical condition including symptoms, diagnosis, misdiagnosis, treatment, prevention, and prognosis. http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/n/nephrotic_syndrome/intro.htm

Diseases IMPORTANT! Use of this site is subject to our and Home Symptoms Diseases Risks Search: We show you all these ads in order to provide this free site; give your feedback WrongDiagnosis TM Premium Report: Diabetes Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis Available Now! Condition Lists By Organ By Symptom By Class By Prevalence ... List A-Z Current chapter: Nephrotic syndrome Next sections Basic Summary for Nephrotic syndrome Prognosis of Nephrotic syndrome Types of Nephrotic syndrome Causes of Nephrotic syndrome ... Symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome Next chapters: Amyloidosis Chronic liver disease Cirrhosis of the liver Hepatitis ... Feedback Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome Nephrotic syndrome: Various kidney glomeruli conditions Nephrotic syndrome: Nephrotic syndrome is a condition marked by very high levels of protein in the urine; low levels of protein in the blood; swelling, especially around the eyes, feet, and hands; and high cholesterol. Nephrotic syndrome results from damage to the kidneys' glomeruli (the singular form is glomerulus).

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