21. PROVIGIL Cephalon corporate site for the company's branded version of modafinil, sold as a wakepromoting medication for treating narcolepsy. Information for U.S. patients and physicians. http://www.provigil.com

The information presented on this site is intended for U.S. residents only.

22. LIVING WITH NARCOLEPSY The National Sleep Foundation is a nonprofit organization dedicated to prevention of catastrophic accidents caused by sleep deprivation excessive sleepiness and to enhanced quality of life for http://www.sleepfoundation.org/publications/livingnarcolepsy.html

Updated June 2004 CONTENTS WHAT IS NARCOLEPSY? MAJOR SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSING NARCOLEPSY TREATMENT OPTIONS ... OTHER PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FROM NSF What is narcolepsy? Narcolepsy is a chronic (long-lasting) neurological (affecting the brain or nerves) disorder that involves your body's central nervous system. The central nervous system is the "highway" of nerves that carries messages from your brain to other parts of your body. For people with narcolepsy, the messages about when to sleep and when to be awake sometimes hit roadblocks or detours and arrive in the wrong place at the wrong time. This is why someone who has narcolepsy, not managed by medications, may fall asleep while eating dinner or engaged in social activities - or at times when he or she wants to be awake. Recent discoveries indicate that people with narcolepsy lack a chemical in the brain called hypocretin, which normally stimulates arousal and helps regulate sleep. They also discovered that there is a reduction in the number of Hcrt cells or neurons that secrete hypocretin. This may be due to a degenerative process or an immune response. How this occurs is unknown. About one in 2,000 people suffers from narcolepsy. It affects both men and women of any age, but its symptoms are usually noticed after puberty begins. For the majority of persons with narcolepsy, their first symptoms appear between the ages of 15 and 30.

23. Living With Narcolepsy Living with narcolepsy And All of Its Strange Manifestations Including Cataplexy, Sleep Paralysis, Automatic Behavior, and Other Symptoms. http://communities.msn.com/LivingwithNarcolepsy

var nEditorialCatId = 102; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: var zflag_nid="346"; var zflag_cid="20"; var zflag_sid="4"; var zflag_width="728"; var zflag_height="90"; var zflag_sz="14"; Groups Groups Home My Groups Language ... Help Living with Narcolepsy LivingwithNarcolepsy@groups.msn.com What's New Join Now Welcome! Message Board ... Tools Living with Narcolepsy And All of Its Strange Manifestations Including Cataplexy, Sleep Paralysis, Automatic Behavior, and Other Symptoms. "How would you like to be alone and drowning?" Narcolepsy, Third Eye Blind Hopefully We Will Be Able to Help Each Other. Please let me know what you are looking for and I will try to help as much as possible. Feel free to ask anything, narcolepsy has many manifestations you may not be aware of. You are not alone. If you would like to join the group, please provide some indication that you are seeking help with narcolepsy. Otherwise, I will have to assume you are a solicitor of unwanted material. Let's Talk Announcements Recommendations E-mail all members ... Join this group Notice: Microsoft has no responsibility for the content featured in this group. Click here for more info.

24. Research Brain Chemical May Help Narcolepsy CNN http://cnn.com/2004/HEALTH/03/16/brain.narcolepsy.reut/index.html

25. Redirect http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Omim/dispmim?161400

26. Narcolepsy Internet Jumpstation Jumpstation and WWW links for narcolepsy, sleep disorders, and other health related information. N, narcolepsy Disabilities narcolepsy. Support http://www.narcolepsy.org/narc.links.html

[N] Narcolepsy Internet's Jumpstation An annotated list of interesting WWW sites [Narcolepsy] [Sleep Disorders] [Medical] [Information] ... [Other Disabilities] Narcolepsy [Support Groups] [Research] [News] [Stories] ... [Other] Support Groups Narcolepsy Internet (http://www.narcolepsy.org) On-line support and information for people with narcolepsy and ideopathic hypersomnia, their families, their partners and care givers. Narcolepsy Network (http://www.websciences.org/narnet) Narcolepsy self-help Group. They have an annual conference and quarterly newsletters. Coordinate US-Based self-help groups. Pamphletes and information for narcoleptics and their family. Their web pages are very static. YAWN (Young Americans With Narcolepsy) (http://www.yawn.org/) YAWN is a youth outreach and development organization that aims to provide educational and social support services to all persons with narcolepsy or whose life is affected by narcolepsy family, peers, teachers, faculty, health care providers, business leaders, employers and others in the community. This site is under construction and has a lot of potential. Sleep/Wake Disorders of Canada (http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/1837/)

27. CNN.com - New Studies Close In On Cause Of Narcolepsy - August 30, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/08/30/med.narcolepsy.ap/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: New studies close in on cause of narcolepsy WASHINGTON (AP) A chemical that transmits signals in the brain discovered just two years ago may hold clues to the cause of the rare but dangerous disease narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is marked by recurring episodes of daytime sleep in the victim, lasting from a few seconds to an hour. The disease can be merely inconvenient to some victims, but disabling and dangerous to others who may fall asleep while driving or operating machinery.

28. Patient Services Specialty treatment for sleep disorders from insomnia, snoring, sleep apnea, restless legs and narcolepsy. http://www.griffinhealth.org/sleepwellness.html

The Sleep Wellness Center at Griffin Hospital The Sleep Wellness Center at Griffin Hospital is a comprehensive program that brings state-of-the-art sleep medicine our community. The Sleep Wellness Center offers help for people with sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, snoring, restless legs and narcolepsy. The Center is conveniently located on the 1st floor of Griffin Hospital and includes 3 beautifully appointed rooms complete with satin sheets and mahogany finishes where patients are studied. The Sleep Wellness Center is staffed by highly trained physicians and polysomnographists trained in state-of-the-art sleep medicine techniques. Griffin Hospital's Sleep Wellness Center has been awarded Beta Research Site designation for product design and development by Medcare Sleep Diagnostics, the Netherlands and Vermont Medical. This designation brings world class sleep medicine to the Valley and assures on-going state-of-the-art diagnostic sleep services for the future. The Beta site designation ensures that this will continue unparalleled anywhere else in the state. New equipment improvements and innovations are available to Griffin Hospital and its patients. Unlike other area laboratories, the agreement with Medcare and Vermed guarantees patients will never be subjected to old or obsolete sleep diagnostic equipment or procedures.

29. FACTS ABOUT NARCOLEPSY Although it is not rare, narcolepsy is often misdiagnosed, or diagnosed years after the symptoms first appear. Diagnosis of narcolepsy. http://www.uic.edu/depts/cnr/facts.htm

Narcolepsy is a potentially disabling, lifelong neurological condition estimated to afflict about 1 in every 2000 people in the United States. Although it is not rare, narcolepsy is often misdiagnosed, or diagnosed years after the symptoms first appear. This disorder is best characterized as an inability of the nervous system to maintain the boundaries between wakefulness and sleep. During usual waking hours, people experience periods when sleep involuntarily encroaches into wakefulness. Most people with this disorder also experience awakenings and restlessness during their usual nighttime sleeping hours. There is no evidence that narcolepsy is a mental disorder or has a psychological basis. Symptoms The two primary symptoms of narcolepsy are excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy . People with narcolepsy are unable to resist falling asleep and do so regardless of the number of hours slept the previous night. The excessive daytime sleepiness experienced by people with narcolepsy has been described as being like trying to stay awake after going 72 hours without sleep. Frequently, people with narcolepsy fall asleep at inappropriate times, for example while eating or in the middle of a conversation. Cataplexy is the sudden loss of strength in voluntary muscles triggered by emotions such as laughter, excitement, or anger, and occurs when the normal bodily processes that usually occur during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep intrude into wakefulness. The cataplectic attack, which can last from several seconds to several minutes, can range from partial muscle weakness, often in the face or neck, to a complete loss of muscle control in the arms and legs. (Movies illustrating a cataplectic attack can be reviewed at

30. FDA Approves 'date Rape Drug' For Rare Disease CNN http://cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/conditions/07/17/ghb.narcolepsy.ap/index.html

31. Narcolepsy - Overview- Sleepchannel narcolepsy is primarily characterized by intermittent, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the daytime. Three additional http://www.sleepdisorderchannel.net/narcolepsy/

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement NARCOLEPSY Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis ... Treatment CONDITIONS Bruxism Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome Insomnia Jet Lag Narcolepsy Obstructive Sleep Apnea Periodic Limb Movement Disorder REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) Restless Leg Syndrome Shift Work Sleep Stages Sleepwalking RESOURCES Links Clinical Trials Videos ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials Narcolepsy affects an estimated 25 in every 100,000 people in the United States. This sleep disorder is primarily characterized by intermittent, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the daytime. Three additional symptoms are typically associated with narcolepsy: cataplexy (short-lived intermittent muscle weakness), hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucinations (hallucinations while falling asleep or waking), and sleep paralysis (paralysis while falling asleep or waking). Narcolepsy usually begins when a person is in their teens or early twenties. Stimulants and antidepressants are used to treat narcolepsy and subsequent cataplexy. Although it has been linked with blood pressure management and depression, the genesis of narcolepsy is unknown. However, recent advances in narcolepsy study suggest the possibility of a cure. Incidence Narcolepsy usually begins in the teens or early twenties (10 to 20 years old), but this varies; both young children and the elderly experience sleep attacks as well. Approximately 125,000 people in the United States alone suffer from this disorder, with an equal incidence among both women and men. Excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep onset are the hallmarks of narcolepsy. Whether narcolepsy is a life-long disorder or not is controversial. Some evidence suggests that it is, while other studies have shown that symptoms fade in older age.

32. FDA Panel Accepts Date-rape Drug For Cataplexy CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/06/07/narcolepsy.drug.ap/index.html

33. Narcolepsy - Symptoms - Sleepchannel.com narcolepsy is technically defined by excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep attacks, in conjunction with one or more auxiliary symptoms, which can include http://www.sleepdisorderchannel.net/narcolepsy/symptom.shtml

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement NARCOLEPSY Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis ... Treatment CONDITIONS Bruxism Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome Insomnia Jet Lag Narcolepsy Obstructive Sleep Apnea Periodic Limb Movement Disorder REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) Restless Leg Syndrome Shift Work Sleep Stages Sleepwalking RESOURCES Links Clinical Trials Videos ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials Narcolepsy is technically defined by excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep attacks, in conjunction with one or more auxiliary symptoms, which can include cataplexy, hallucination, and sleep paralysis. The entire tetrad of symptoms, as it is often called, occurs only in about 10 percent of cases. Cataplexy is the most common auxiliary symptom of narcolepsy, afflicting roughly 70 percent of patients. Sleep paralysis and hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucinations are less common. Sleep paralysis occurs in 30 percent of cases, and hallucination in approximately 25 percent. In narcoleptic patients, these symptoms usually accompany cataplexy; they rarely occur on their own. When they occur as a set, the symptoms are intensified. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and “Sleep Attacks” The most prevalent symptom of narcolepsy is suddenly and unexpectedly falling asleep during the day. In fact, narcoleptic attacks often occur at inappropriate times with significant consequences for those who experience them. For example, patients with narcolepsy may fall asleep while driving, during a meeting, and even during sex.

34. Health Sleeping Conditions CNN http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/indepth.health/sleeping.conditions/narcolepsy.html

35. CENTER FOR NARCOLEPSY The Stanford University Sleep Clinic was the first medical clinic established to specialize in sleep disorders. http://www-med.stanford.edu/school/Psychiatry/narcolepsy/index.html

Narcolepsy is a serious medical disorder and a key to understanding other sleep disorders Narcolepsy is a disabling illness affecting more than 1 in 2,000 Americans. Most individuals with the disorder are not diagnosed and are thus not treated. The disease is principally characterized by a permanent and overwhelming feeling of sleepiness and fatigue. Other symptoms involve abnormalities of dreaming sleep, such as dream-like hallucinations and finding oneself physically weak or paralyzed for a few seconds (see Symptoms). The Stanford University Sleep Clinic was the first medical clinic ever established to specialize in sleep disorders. It was founded in the early 1970s by Dr. William Dement to diagnose and treat narcoleptic patients. The Stanford Center for Narcolepsy was established in the 1980s and is now directed by Drs. Emmanuel Mignot and Seiji Nishino. The Center for Narcolepsy is part of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and has published more than 100 articles on narcolepsy. It is the world leader in narcolepsy research. Several hundred patients with the disorder are currently treated at the Center or participate in various research protocols. Other research protocols are conducted in animals models of narcolespy. The Stanford Center for narcolepsy was the first to report that narcolepsy-cataplexy is caused by hypocretin (orexin) abnormalities in both animal models and humans (see Research). We are always looking for volunteers in our narcolepsy research studies.

36. Narcolepsy Research Project - University Of Pennsylvania The narcolepsy Research Project consists of a group of clinicians and investigators dedicated to improving the care of narcoleptic patients. narcolepsy. http://www.nursing.upenn.edu/narcolepsy/

Narcolepsy "Imagine falling asleep while at the wheel waiting for a green light, or at work, as happened to my patients. Excessive daytime sleepiness is often the most disabling symptom of narcolepsy and the most difficult to treat. The goal of my research is to find better ways to control this symptom.." Ann E. Rogers PhD, RN Associate Professor, School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep attacks. Other symptoms include brief episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis, dream-like images when falling asleep and disturbed sleep at night. Narcolepsy effects equal numbers of men and women and occurs in all racial groups. This sleep disorder usually develops during the late teens or early twenties and continues throughout the individual's life. Early diagnosis and appropriate medical care are critical for reducing the adverse effects of this disorder. With adequate medication and support from their teachers, employers and families, most patients can enjoy a near-normal lifestyle. Unfortunately, many patients remain undiagnosed and undertreated. The Narcolepsy Research Project consists of a group of clinicians and investigators dedicated to improving the care of narcoleptic patients. We are particularly interested in learning more about the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness; what treatments are effective and what treatments are not effective for controlling this symptom.

37. Sleep Disorders s, symptoms, treatment, of various sleep disorders. Over a hundred articles on the topic. Sleep apnea, narcolepsy, sleep paralysis, insomnia. New Material added weekly....... http://sleepdisorders.about.com

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Sleep Disorders Home Essentials ... How To Index zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Sleep Apnea Snoring Narcolepsy Insomnia ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Sleep Disorders newsletter. zau(256,152,100,'hs','http://z.about.com/5/ad/hs.htm?zIhsid=00',''); Search Sleep Disorders From Florence Cardinal Your Guide to Sleep Disorders Sign up for my Newsletter Side Effects of Ambien If you suffer from insomnia, and millions of people do, then the prescription drug Zolpidem, commonly called Ambien, might just give you the relief you need. It's the most popular drug for the treatment of insomnia, but it can have some strange side effects, especially if you don't take it properly. Sunday May 30, 2004 Ten Myths About Sleep Faulty beliefs abound about sleep, so many in fact, that the National Sleep Foundation has compiled a list of the ten most common myths. In this article, we take a close look at each one and then discover the truth about snoring, hours of sleep, drowsy driving, teens and sleep and insomnia. Monday May 24, 2004

38. Sleep Apnea, Narcolepsy, Hypersomnia And Other Sleep Disorders (Columbus) Sleep medicine resources for detection and control of sleep apnea, narcolepsy, hypersomnia, insomnia and sleep disorders. http://www.netexp.net/~flamenco/sleepresources.html

39. Narcolepsy Research Project - University Of Pennsylvania The narcolepsy Research Project consists of a group of clinicians and investigators dedicated to improving the care of narcoleptic patients. http://www.nursing.upenn.edu/narcolepsy/narcolepsy.htm

What is Narcolepsy? The exact cause of narcolepsy is not known. An abnormality in the chemistry regulating sleep and wakefulness in the brain is suspected, but not proven. Both genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role in the development of this disorder. All patients experience excessive daytime sleepiness (sleep attacks and persistent daytime drowsiness). Sleep attacks are short periods of sleep that occur many times a day, regardless of the amount or quality of sleep the night before. They are often described as irresistible and may occur with or without warning when a person is driving, working, eating, talking, or engaging in any other activity. Most patients also experience persistent daytime drowsiness. Excessive daytime sleepiness is usually the first symptom of narcolepsy and often the most difficult symptom to control. The severity of excessive daytime sleepiness varies; some patients may have many sleep attacks each day and others only one or two sleep attacks per day. Cataplexy refers to sudden, brief episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis triggered by strong emotions such anger, laughter, surprise or anticipation. Just as nighttime REM (rapid eye movement) sleep is normally accompanied by skeletal muscle paralysis and strong emotions (dreaming); an intense emotion during the waking period can trigger instantaneous muscle weakness or paralysis. Although unable to move, the person remains conscious. For some people, any strong emotion may trigger cataplexy, while others react to only certain specific emotions. Although most patients experience cataplexy, some patients never develop this symptom.

40. Modafinil ( Provigil ) Information about this moodbrightening and memory-enhancing psychostimulant which enhances wakefulness and vigilance. Discusses mode of action and uses in treating narcolepsy, as well as experimental uses. http://www.modafinil.com/

From THE GOOD DRUG GUIDE modafinil Provigil ') is a memory-improving and mood-brightening psychostimulant. It enhances wakefulness and vigilance, but its pharmacological profile is notably different from the amphetamines methylphenidate Ritalin ) or cocaine . Modafinil is less likely to cause jitteriness, anxiety, or excess locomotor activity - or lead to a hypersomnolent 'rebound effect' - than traditional stimulants . Subjectively, it feels smoother and cleaner than the amphetamines too. The normal elimination half-life of modafinil in humans is between 12 - 15 hours . So it's worth fine-tuning one's dosage schedule accordingly. Current research suggests modafinil, like its older and better-tested analogue adrafinil , is a safe, effective and well-tolerated agent. It is long-acting and doesn't tend to cause peripheral sympathetic stimulation. Yet its CNS action isn't fully understood. Modafinil induces wakefulness in part by its action in the anterior hypothalamus . Its dopamine -releasing action in the nucleus accumbens is weak and dose-dependent; the likelihood of a euphoric response ('abuse potential'), dose-escalation and tolerance is thus apparently small. Modafinil has central alpha 1 adrenergic agonist effects i.e. it directly stimulates the receptors. Modafinil inhibits the reuptake of noradrenaline by the noradrenergic terminals on sleep-promoting neurons of ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (

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