81. Adult Health Advisor 2003.2: Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) myocardial infarction (Heart Attack). What is a myocardial infarction (MI)? myocardial infarction (MI) is a heart attack. It occurs http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/aha/aha_myoinf_car.htm

Adult Health Topics All Health Topics Find a UMHS Doctor T his information is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a substitute for medical treatment. You should speak to your physician or make an appointment to be seen if you have questions or concerns about this information or your medical condition. Search Adult Topics Search All Topics T his information is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a substitute for medical treatment. You should speak to your physician or make an appointment to be seen if you have questions or concerns about this information or your medical condition. Index Illustration Illustration Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) What is a myocardial infarction (MI)? Myocardial infarction (MI) is a heart attack. It occurs when there is a sudden, complete blockage of blood flow to a portion of heart muscle. Myocardial infarction is one of the most common diseases in the US and causes a large number of deaths every year. How does it occur?

82. Myocardial Infarction myocardial infarction. Infarction is irreversible damage to myocardial tissues caused by prolonged ischemia/hypoxia and by reperfusioninduced injury. http://www.oucom.ohiou.edu/CVPhysiology/CAD010.htm

Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts Richard E. Klabunde, Ph.D. Myocardial Infarction Infarction is irreversible damage to myocardial tissues caused by prolonged ischemia/hypoxia and by reperfusion-induced injury. The damaged tissue is initially composed of a necrotic core surrounded by a marginal (or border) zone that can recover or become irreversibly damaged. The border zone may be an important site of arrhythmogenesis. Collateral blood flow is an important determinant of infarct size and whether or not the border zone becomes irreversibly damaged. Infarcted tissue does not contribute to systolic function (tension generation), and can alter ventricular systolic and diastolic function and disrupt electrical activity . Long-term consequences include ventricular remodeling (e.g., development of compensatory hypertrophy ventricular failure arrhythmias and sudden death. © 1999-2002 Richard E. Klabunde, all rights reserved.

83. Guidelines & Scientific Statements : Management Of Acute Myocardial Infarction I Print version. Topic Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS). Management of Acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with STsegment elevation. http://www.escardio.org/knowledge/guidelines/Management_of_AMI.htm

Home About Us Contact Us Site Map Search for Home Knowledge Centre Guidelines List Scientific Statements ... Pocket Guidelines Topic: Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation Document type: Publication: European Heart Journal 24, 28–66 : 2003 Order now Authoring body: Task force of the ESC Authors: Frans Van de Werf Chair, Diego Ardissino, Amadeo Betriu, Dennis V. Cokkinos, Erling Falk, Keith A.A. Fox, Desmond Julian, Maria Lengyel, Franz-Josef Neumann, Witold Ruzyllo, Christian Thygesen, S. Richard Underwood, Alec Vahanian, Freek W.A. Verheugt, William Wijns Available Documents: Version Format Size Link Full text Adobe Acrobat 246 KB Pocket guidelines order form Adobe Acrobat 72 KB Educational slides Adobe Acrobat 678 KB Endorsed by: Belgian Society of Cardiology / British Cardiac Society / Bulgarian Society of Cardiology / Czech Society of Cardiology / Danish Society of Cardiology / Estonian Cardiac Society / Finnish Cardiac Society / French Society of Cardiology / German Society of Cardiology / Hellenic Cardiological Society / Italian Federation of Cardiology / Latvian Society of Cardiology / Lebanese Society of Cardiology / Lithuanian Society of Cardiology / Macedonian Society of Cardiology / Polish Cardiac Society / Portuguese Society of Cardiology / San Marino Society of Cardiology / Slovak Society of Cardiology / Slovenian Society of Cardiology / Spanish Society of Cardiology / Swedish Society of Cardiology / Swiss Society of Cardiology / The Netherlands Society of Cardiology / Ukrainian Society of Cardiology

84. Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) myocardial infarction (Heart Attack). What Is a myocardial infarction? A myocardial infarction (MI) is the medical term for a heart attack. http://www.hmc.psu.edu/cardiovascular/patient/articles/pe101.htm

85. Detection Of Myocardial Necrosis/Acute Myocardial Infarction DETECTION of MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS / ACUTE myocardial infarction. Detection of acute myocardial necrosis can be done with 99m Technetium http://webcampus.med.drexel.edu/cme/medicine/ncardiac/ami.htm

Monograph Home Historic Background Applications Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Function ... Evaluation DETECTION of MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS / ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Detection of acute myocardial necrosis can be done with Technetium-pyrophosphate or by In-antimyosin antibody imaging which has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. With both these 2 tracers, positive results are obtained only 24-48 hours after acute infarction and therefore, the clinical utility of these techniques have been limited. The main indication being patients with equivocal diagnosis of acute infarction or those who arrive late to the hospital and in whom the enzymes changes may have been missed (Figure 9). On the horizon, however, there is a new agent called Tc-glucurate which produces positive results within an hour after acute myocardial infarction and this technique may prove to be useful in patients with chest pains but nondiagnostic ECG or enzyme changes. FIGURE 9: (Click image to enlarge.)

86. Arch Intern Med -- Topic Collections : Cardiovascular Disease/ Myocardial Infarc Cardiovascular Disease/ myocardial infarction. , Show Cardiovascular Disease/ myocardial infarction collections from JAMA Archives Journals. http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/collection/cardiovascular_disease_myocardial_in

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery Student JAMA For The Media Classified Ads Meetings Peer Review Congress Cardiovascular Disease/ Myocardial Infarction Citations 1-10 of 171 total displayed. Most recent content (24 May 2004): Original Investigations Cardiorespiratory Fitness Attenuates the Effects of the Metabolic Syndrome on All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Men Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Timothy S. Church, and Steven N. Blair Archives of Internal Medicine 2004; 164: 1092-1097. [Abstract] [Full text] Original Investigations Socioeconomic Status and Outcome Following Acute Myocardial Infarction in Elderly Patients Sunil V. Rao, Kevin A. Schulman, Lesley H. Curtis, Bernard J. Gersh, and James G. Jollis Archives of Internal Medicine 2004; 164: 1128-1133. [Abstract] [Full text] Past content (since Feb 1998): Special Articles Women and Heart Disease: The Role of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Elsa-Grace V. Giardina, Anselm K. Gitt, Uwe Gudat, Helmut O. Steinberg, and Diethelm Tschoepe

87. BHF Heart Health - Heart Terms: Myocardial Infarction Monounsaturated fat. MRI. Murmur. myocardial infarction. Myocardium. Negative Exercise ECG to NRT (Nicotene Replacement Therapy). Negative exercise ECG. Nicotine. http://www.bhf.org.uk/hearthealth/index.asp?secID=1&secondlevel=74&thirdlevel=26

88. IPRO.org - Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Comprehensive Guide for the Development of Performance Improvement Strategies for Acute myocardial infarction. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI). http://providers.ipro.org/index/ami

Home Browse by Provider Setting Hospitals Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Over 300,000 Medicare patients are hospitalized for heart attack (acute myocardial infarction) each year. Many do not receive important therapies that are known to be beneficial. The National Acute Myocardial Infarction Project focuses on increasing the use of appropriate care processes to improve patient outcome. Data Collection Tools and Analysis Downloads Intervention Tools Publications ... Quality Improvement Community Server Printable Version (new window) E-mail this Page Download Helper Contact Us Search Search this site all sites for Site Map

89. Acute Myocardial Infarction And Thrombolytic Research Acute myocardial infarction and Thrombolytic Research. http://www.cvmg.com/cvri/acutemi.html

Acute Myocardial Infarction and Thrombolytic Research Return to CVRI home page Previous Studies: Eminase, Hirudin/Heparin (TIMI 9), Hirulog, Prourokinase, RheothRx, r-PA-02, r-PA-04, Streptokinase, t-PA (BW), Urokinase, n-PA Current Studies: Liposomal PGE1 (TLC C-53) Protocol C94-D-02: A Phase II, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study of TLC C-53 as an Adjunct to Thrombolytic Therapy In Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (Liposomal Intervention Followed by Thrombolysis, LIFT) Sponsored by The Liposome Company, Inc. TLC C-53 is a liposomal dispersion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). PGE1 inhibits the binding of neutrophils and platelets to themselves as well as to endothelial cells by preventing the activation of receptors mediating cell-to-cell adhesion. PGE1 modulates platelet and granulocyte activation during the acute inflammatory process in a dose-dependent manner. Results of preclinical investigations suggest that TLC C-53 may be a promising adjunct to current thrombolytic treatment for acute myocardial infarction. The combined action of acceleration of thrombolysis, inhibition of reocclusion and reduction in reperfusion injury suggest that patients given this agent might be more likely to achieve normal flow after reperfusion and experience greater improvement in return of left ventricular function presumably because of infarct salvage.

90. Myocardial Infarction --  Encyclopædia Britannica myocardial infarction Encyclopædia Britannica Article. To cite this page MLA style myocardial infarction. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=55914

91. EMJA: Changing Times In The Treatment Of Myocardial Infarction (Medical Journal of Australia) Changing times in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Editorials. Changing times in the treatment of myocardial infarction. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/178_08_210403/lei10075_fm-1.html

Home Issues Classifieds Contact ... Search PubMed for related articles Editorials Changing times in the treatment of myocardial infarction James W Leitch MJA Infarct angioplasty has the potential to increase the disparity in outcomes between rural and urban patients with myocardial infarction The need for rapid treatment of coronary syndromes has been recognised for many years. Despite recent emphasis on the benefits of rapid thrombolysis, the main advantage of early presentation remains resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation. Defibrillation has been estimated to save about six times as many lives as thrombolytic treatment, but patients must reach medical assistance in time for it to be effective. On average, patients delay more than an hour before seeking help for symptoms of acute myocardial infarction, and about another hour elapses before they arrive at hospital. Attempts to shorten patient delay by education campaigns have been generally ineffective and, in recent years, efforts have been mainly directed towards expediting transport and hospital treatment of patients with myocardial infarction. In Australia, these efforts include fast-track pathways and delivering thrombolysis in emergency departments, before cardiological review.

92. Intravenous Magnesium For Acute Myocardial Infarction (April 2003) Patients April 2003. Editorial Intravenous Magnesium for Acute myocardial infarction The Controversy Continues Alan R. Gaby, MD, http://www.townsendletter.com/April_2003/gabyeditorial0403.htm

April 2003 Editorial Intravenous Magnesium for Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Controversy Continues Alan R. Gaby, MD Order this issue! In the 1980s and early 1990s, at least seven small, randomized, placebo-controlled trials demonstrated that intravenous administration of magnesium within several hours of the onset of acute myocardial (AMI) infarction could significantly reduce mortality, in part by reducing the incidence of life-threatening arrhythmias. The reduction in mortality in most of these studies was approximately 50 to 70%, with a range of 24 to 88%. An 80% decrease in mortality was also reported in a more recent, small-scale trial. Only one small trial failed to confirm the beneficial effect of magnesium. In addition to its antiarrhythmic effect, magnesium inhibits platelet aggregation, promotes vasodilation, and plays a crucial role in myocardial energy production. Moreover, the cost of magnesium therapy is negligible in comparison with that of fibrinolytic agents and other conventional treatments for AMI. If the beneficial effect of magnesium could be confirmed in larger clinical trials, then this mineral would be considered an ideal treatment for AMI. However, a multicenter trial (ISIS-4) reported in 1995, which enrolled more patients than all of the other trials combined, found no difference in mortality between patients given intravenous magnesium and those given a placebo.

93. SupportPath.com: Myocardial Infarction SupportPath.com, myocardial infarction. Also called Heart Attack, MI. None Listed. Clinical Trials Research on myocardial infarction http://www.supportpath.com/sl_m/myocardial_infarction.htm

Myocardial Infarction Also called: Heart Attack, MI Other topics of interest on SupportPath.com: Heart Disease Hypertension About Us Add-A-Link ... here Online Communities / Message Boards... MDAdvice.com: Heart Attack Website: Description: This moderated message board is part of MDAdvice.com . Unregistered users may read messages but registration is required to post. Date Added: 06/07/2002 Online Chats... Note: Regularly scheduled chats are listed on our NEW Online Events Calendar Links in this section are primarily to chat rooms open 24/7 which may or may not be moderated. None Listed Usenet Groups... Note: Your browser must be properly configured to access Usenet groups from this site. bionet.biology.cardiology Website: news:bionet.biology.cardiology Description: Usenet group. Date Added: 01/11/2002 sci.med.cardiology Website: news:sci.med.cardiology Description: Usenet group. Date Added: 01/11/2002 Mailing Lists... None Listed National / International Organizations... None Listed Note: Groups are listed alphabetically by U.S. state and then country. None Listed None Listed Professional Organizations of Interest...

94. Virtual Naval Hospital: General Medical Officer Manual: Clinical Section myocardial infarction. The diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the operational setting can be both difficult and challenging. http://www.vnh.org/GMO/ClinicalSection/10MyocardialInfarction.html

General Medical Officer (GMO) Manual: Clinical Section: Cardiovascular Disorders Myocardial Infarction Department of the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed (1) Introduction The diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the operational setting can be both difficult and challenging. The underlying principle in the General Medical Officer's (GMO) treatment of AMI should be the rapid stabilization and earliest possible medical evacuation of the patient to a medical facility with the appropriate Intensive Care Unit/Cardiac Care Unit (ICU/CCU) and support capabilities. The maximum effort should be made to ensure, whenever possible, that the patient with AMI is electrically and hemodynamically stable and pain free before transfer. Treatment of cardiac arrest or hemodynamically significant arrhythmias should follow the advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) guidelines. (2) History The diagnosis of AMI is primarily based on an appropriate clinical history. The clinician must maintain a high index of suspicion as patient complaints of chest discomfort may vary considerably. Usually lasting for greater than 30 minutes, the discomfort generally is described as a severe retrosternal squeezing, choking, or heavy pressure sensation. It may radiate to the shoulders, down the ulnar aspect of the left arm, into the neck or jaw. The patient will often report associated diaphoresis or shortness of breath. A history of antecedent exertional chest discomfort can often be elicited.

95. Myocardial Infarction Risk Assessment From Thrombocyte Activation Antigens Cell Biochemistry Martinsried. Risk Assessment for myocardial infarction from Thrombocyte Activation Antigens G.Valet1), D.Tschöpe2). http://www.biochem.mpg.de/valet/thrombo1.html

Cell Biochemistry Martinsried Risk Assessment for Myocardial Infarction from Thrombocyte Activation Antigens G.Valet < Predictive Medicine by Cytomics 1. Introduction: General risk indicators like overweight, smoking, high blood pressure, humoral indicators like altered lipid fractions in the peripheral blood, as well as cellular indicators like monocyte/makrophage lipid receptors indicate the risk for myocardial infarction on a statistical but not at an individual person level. - The appearence of thrombocyte activation antigens like or thrombospondin on the thrombocyte surface membrane is the consequence of accelerated blood flow through arteriosclerotically narrowed coronary arteries. Myocardial infarction is ultimately caused by thrombocyte aggregates obstructing such arteries. It seems of interest to determine thrombocyte activation antigen patterns for individual patient risk assessment of myocardial infarction. A blood test would be substantially easier , with lower risk and less costly than coronary angiography from a cathether.

96. Echocardiography Aneurysm and Ventricular Septal Defect Following myocardial infarction. 3. Naeim F, Maza LM, Robbins SL Cardiac rupture during myocardial infarction. http://www2.umdnj.edu/~shindler/vsdaneurysm.html

Aneurysm and Ventricular Septal Defect Following Myocardial Infarction E-chocardiography Journal: Alphabetical List Chronological List Images Home Page Reprinted by permission from Primary Cardiology, January 1995. Olga Shindler MD, Alan Spotnitz MD, Daniel Shindler MD CASE PRESENTATION A 66 year old female was referred for cardiac catheterization 3 months after acute myocardial infarction. During the ventriculographic injection dye was noted in the pulmonary artery, indicating the presence of shunt between the left ventricle and the right cardiac chambers. Oxygen step-up confirmed a ventricular septal defect and the patient was referred for an echocardiogram DISCUSSION Now that albumin echo contrast is commercially available, it has the potential to help in this diagnosis. REFERENCES 1. Gorlin R, Klein MD, Sullivan JM: Prospective correlative study of ventricular aneurysms. Am J Med 42:512, 1967 2. Campbell M: The natural history of ventricular septal defect. Br Heart J 33:246, 1971 3. Naeim F, Maza LM, Robbins SL: Cardiac rupture during myocardial infarction. A review of 44 cases. Circulation 45:1231, 1972

97. Heart Attack/Myocardial Infarction Heart Attack / myocardial infarction. The heart is a mechanical, contractile pump responsible for maintaining blood circulation. http://www.animatedmedical.com/mi.html

Home Educational Topics Heart Attack / Myocardial Infarction The heart is a mechanical, contractile pump responsible for maintaining blood circulation. It is made of specialized muscle called myocardium and weighs about 10 ounces in the average adult, although many factors affect its ultimate size. This muscle is activated by timed electrical impulses from a part of the heart called the sinoatrial node , the natural pacemaker of the heart. Since the heart is constantly active, it requires an uninterrupted supply of oxygen provided by blood passing through its very own blood vessels - the coronary arteries , represented in the beating heart at the top as irregular, branching lines. The graphic at the right shows the normal width of a coronary artery before it starts branching and forming smaller vessels. Myocardial infarction, commonly referred to as a heart attack, is death of an area of heart muscle due to a sudden reduction in blood flow relative to the amount of work the heart is doing at the time. Damage from reduced blood flow without any actual heart muscle death results in pain called angina The most common cause for reduced blood flow initially is coronary atherosclerosis - a gradual build-up over many years of cholesterol plaques, scar tissue, and calcium deposits inside the coronary arteries. Once the opening has been narrowed it is susceptible to sudden blockage by bleeding into and rupture of the cholesterol plaques. A blood clot may then form in the damaged arteries.

98. Continuing Medical Education: Cardiac Rupture Complicating Acute Myocardial Infa CARDIAC RUPTURE COMPLICATING ACUTE myocardial infarction. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. http://www.mcphu.edu/continuing/cme/medicine/v1n5/toc.html

CARDIAC RUPTURE COMPLICATING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION L EARNING O BJECTIVES T ABLE OF C ONTENTS Introduction Ventricular Septal Rupture Papillary Muscle Rupture Free Wall Rupture ... CME Quiz A UTHORS W. Clay Warnick, M.D. Fellow, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases MCP Hahnemann University MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine Allegheny University Hospitals, Hahnemann John J. Ross, Jr., R.C.P.T. Research Assistant Professor Division of Cardiovascular Diseases MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine Allegheny University Hospitals, Hahnemann Eric L. Michelson, M.D. Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Diseases MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine Allegheny University Hospitals, Hahnemann F OR M ORE ... Forward Office of Continuing Medical Education e-mail: cme@auhs.edu

99. NeLH Toolkit - Care Pathways - Pathway - Acute Myocardial Infarction Pathway Details Topic, Acute myocardial infarction. Stage of Development, Under consideration. Pathway Title, Acute myocardial infarction. Pathway summary, http://www.nelh.shef.ac.uk/nelh/kit/cps/paths.nsf/0/d481f9c0215aa1bb80256bf9003a

100. Acute Myocardial Infarction: Proportion Of Inpatient Mortality. TITLE. Acute myocardial infarction proportion of inpatient mortality. SOURCE(S). Acute myocardial infarction; inpatient mortality. DENOMINATOR DESCRIPTION. http://www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/summary/summary.aspx?ss=1&doc_id=326

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