41. Myocardial Infarction - Early Thrombolysis Treatment (No.52) Down. myocardial infarction early thrombolysis treatment (No.52). ASSESSMENT REPORT Early Thrombolysis for the Treatment of Acute myocardial infarction, Search. http://www.nice.org.uk/cat.asp?c=38399

42. Myocardial Infarction EKG Index. myocardial infarction Glossary myocardial infarction INDEX. Cases 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/heart/micases.html

Online Journal of Cardiology Medical Teaching EKG WORLD ENCYLOPEDIA EKG Index Myocardial Infarction Glossary Myocardial Infarction INDEX Cases:

43. Electrocardiography Of MI The TwelveLead Electrocardiography of myocardial infarction. by Matthew Schumaecker edited by Dr. Michael Rosengarten with the http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/heart/mimenu.html

The Twelve-Lead Electrocardiography of Myocardial Infarction by: Matthew Schumaecker edited by: Dr. Michael Rosengarten with the participation of Ravi Subramian and Christian Bulcao There are two ways to use this section: The interpretations are written by Matthew Schumaecker and edited by Dr. Michael Rosengarten This section is sponsored by the Molson Medical Informatics Project The project is part of the Online Journal of Cardiology Visit the EKG World Encyclopedia

44. Assessment And Treatment Of Depression Following Myocardial Infarction - August Assessment and Treatment of Depression Following myocardial infarction. 7. FrasureSmith N, Lesperance F, Talajic M. Depression following myocardial infarction. http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010815/641.html

Advanced Search Assessment and Treatment of Depression Following Myocardial Infarction THOMAS P. GUCK, PH.D., MICHAEL G. KAVAN, PH.D., GARY N. ELSASSER, PHARM.D., and EUGENE J. BARONE, M.D. Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska A patient information handout on depression after heart attack, written by the authors of this article, is provided on page 651. A PDF version of this document is available. Download PDF now (8 page(s) / 52 KB). More information on using PDF files. See editorial on page 573. A s many as 65 percent of patients with acute myocardial infarction report experiencing symptoms of depression; major depression is present in 15 to 22 percent of these patients. During the past two decades, a substantial body of evidence has established a link between depression, cardiovascular disease and mortality. Two large, community epidemiologic studies demonstrated a significant relationship between depression and mortality in patients with myocardial infarction. Results from another study showed that depression contributes to a greater chance of developing or dying of heart disease in persons who are otherwise healthy, even after controlling for smoking status, gender, weight, activity, blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Results from additional studies

45. Optimizing Beta-Blocker Use After Myocardial Infarction - October 15, 2000 - Ame Optimizing BetaBlocker Use After myocardial infarction. TABLE 3 Dosages of Beta Blockers for Short-Term and Long-Term Treatment After myocardial infarction. http://www.aafp.org/afp/20001015/1853.html

Advanced Search Optimizing Beta-Blocker Use After Myocardial Infarction PATRICIA A. HOWARD, PHARM.D., and EDWARD F. ELLERBECK, M.D., M.P.H. University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas A patient information handout on beta blockers, written by the authors of this article, is provided on page 1865. Although beta-adrenergic blockers can significantly reduce mortality after a myocardial infarction, these agents are prescribed to only a minority of patients. Underutilization of beta blockers may be attributed, in part, to fear of adverse effects, especially in the elderly and in patients with concomitant disorders such as diabetes or heart failure. However, studies have shown that such patients are precisely the ones who derive the greatest benefit from beta blockade. Advancing age or the presence of potentially complicating disease states is usually not a justification for withholding beta-blocker therapy. With use of cardioselective agents and through careful dosing and monitoring, the benefits of beta blockers after myocardial infarction far outweigh the potential risks in most patients. (Am Fam Physician 2000;62:1853-60, 1865-6.) See editorial on page 1771.

46. RCP | Acute Myocardial Infarction Acute myocardial infarction A Core Data Set. for monitoring standards of care. http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/pubs/books/ami/

CEEU Projects Acute Myocardial Infarction Acute Myocardial Infarction : A Core Data Set for monitoring standards of care Acknowledgements Foreword National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease Steering Group Introduction Background and development Standards Acute myocardial infarction Principles underlying the core data set How should the data be acquired and from whom? Data processing, analysis and security Data processing Data analysis Data security Data interpretation Core data Data for calculation of hospital case fatality; some confounders Hospital discharge diagnosis, Case mix, Identifying other patients with infarction, Hospital preference Using outcome indicators Case fatality, Delay in coming under care and lives saved per 1,000 patients treated How should the data be used? Core Data Set For Acute Myocardial Infarction Demography Delays to treatment ... Appendix: Core data set fields according to the originating source and specification for each field, grouped into three categories References Written by John S Birkhead, Robin Norris, Tom Quinn and Michael Pearson

47. RCP CEEU Acute Mycocardial Infarction myocardial infarction National Audit Project (MINAP). Measurement of clinical performance Practical approaches in acute myocardial infarction. http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/college/ceeu/ceeu_ami_home.htm

CEEU Projects Introduction Ami Core Data Set principles ... Related links Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project (MINAP) Prepared on behalf of the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease Introduction The Myocardial Infarction Audit Project (MINAP), is the response of the profession to the audit requirements of the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease. This project began in late 1998 when the Clinical Effectiveness and Evaluation Unit (CEEU) of the Royal College of Physicians of London, in collaboration with the British Cardiac Society, drew together a broadly based Working Group of cardiologists, nurses, managers and representatives of the Department of Health. The group set itself the task of developing a mechanism that would allow clinicians to examine the management of myocardial infarction within their hospitals in order to meet the standards specified by the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease. The Working Group established a core data set for acute myocardial infarction for monitoring standards of care which has subsequently been amended (see below) with definitions for terms that would allow the collection of comparable data across the country. Through our close collaboration with Central Cardiac Audit Database (CCAD) group we now have the means to collect and analyse data from acute trusts in order to provide online analyses of data. This can include hospital case fatality data.

48. Myocardial Infarction Home Page Despite considerable advances in diagnosis and management over the last three decades, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) continues to be a major public health http://cardiogenomics.med.harvard.edu/groups/proj1/pages/mi_home.html

this site all PGA's PGA Gene View other projects: 1 MI Home Physiology Histology Microarray Data ... Home Background Experimental Design Operational Procedure Interactive web tutorial on Myocardial Infarction * note: this animation requires the Flash 6 player. Test for the Flash Player Download Flash Player Background Despite considerable advances in diagnosis and management over the last three decades, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) continues to be a major public health problem. In the United States nearly 1.5 million patients annually suffer from AMI. Although the acute mortality of AMI is decreasing in the U.S., the prevalence of ischemic cardiomyopathy is rapidly increasing due to an increased life expectancy, and the morbidity, mortality, and economic costs related to ischemic cardiomyopathy are steadily increasing. Almost all myocardial infarctions result from acute transbotic occlusion of pre-existing arteriosclerotic plagues of coronary arteries, which has been mimicked by ligation of the left coronary artery in a variety of animal models, including rats and mice. Myocardial infarction induces global changes in the ventricular architecture, a process called ventricular remodeling. The infarcted heart progressively dilates and accelerates the deterioration of ventricular dysfunction that eventually results in heart failure. As seen in other models of cardiac dysfunction, fetal-type genes, such as ANP and b -MHC genes, are activated (Weber, 1997). At 4 weeks after MI, collagen types I and III and cytokine gene expression increases (Yue et al., 1998). These genes serve as positive control marker genes in systematically evaluating gene expression profiles associated with ventricular remodeling and heart failure after MI.

49. Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction A 55 year old man with 4 hours of crushing chest pain. Acute inferior myocardial infarction. ST elevation in the inferior leads http://www.ecglibrary.com/infmi.html

A 55 year old man with 4 hours of "crushing" chest pain. Acute inferior myocardial infarction ST elevation in the inferior leads II, III and aVF reciprocal ST depression in the anterior leads See also acute anterior MI Right Bundle Branch Block and sinus bradycardia are also present.

50. Acute Myocardial Infarction -410 Death Rates for Twelve Age groups from. Acute myocardial infarction 410. http://www.disastercenter.com/cdc/aacutcar.html

Death Rates for Twelve Age groups from Acute myocardial infarction -410 Amazing Media: Web Advertising YOU Control! Year / Age All ages1 Under 1 year2 1-4 years 5-14 years 15-24 years 25-34 years 35-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years 65-74 years 75-84 years 85 years and over Age adjusted rate3 Rates on an annual basis per 100,000 All causes Diseases of heart (390-398,402,404-429) Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (390-398) Hypertensive heart disease -402 ... The Disaster Center * Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision, see Technical notes. - Data not available. ... Category not applicable. 1 Figures for age not stated included in "All ages" but not distributed among age groups. 2 Death rates for "Under 1 year" (based on population estimates) differ from Infant mortality rates (based on live births); see Technical notes. 3 For method of computation, see Technical notes. From Table 7. Death rates and age-adjusted death rates for the 15 leading causes of death and selected components in United States, 1979, 1995, and 1996 [Rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population;

51. Old Myocardial Infarction And Other Forms Of Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease US Death Rates for Twelve Age groups from Old myocardial infarction and other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease. Death Rates for Twelve Age groups from. http://www.disastercenter.com/cdc/aoldmyoc.html

Death Rates for Twelve Age groups from Old myocardial infarction and other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease -412,414 Amazing Media: Web Advertising YOU Control! Year / Age All ages1 Under 1 year2 1-4 years 5-14 years 15-24 years 25-34 years 35-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years 65-74 years 75-84 years 85 years and over Age adjusted rate3 Rates on an annual basis per 100,000 All causes Diseases of heart (390-398,402,404-429) Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (390-398) Hypertensive heart disease -402 ... The Disaster Center * Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision, see Technical notes. - Data not available. ... Category not applicable. 1 Figures for age not stated included in "All ages" but not distributed among age groups. 2 Death rates for "Under 1 year" (based on population estimates) differ from Infant mortality rates (based on live births); see Technical notes. 3 For method of computation, see Technical notes. From Table 7. Death rates and age-adjusted death rates for the 15 leading causes of death and selected components in United States, 1979, 1995, and 1996 [Rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population;

52. Postgraduate Medicine: Myocardial Infarction Symposium: Management Of Acute Myoc Management of acute myocardial infarction. Synopsis of ACC and AHA practice guidelines. This is the first of five articles on myocardial infarction. http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1997/11_97/ryan.htm

Management of acute myocardial infarction Synopsis of ACC and AHA practice guidelines Thomas J. Ryan, MD VOL 102 / NO 5 / NOVEMBER 1997 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE This page is best viewed with a browser that supports tables This is the first of five articles on myocardial infarction Preview : The average time that elapses from a patient's first awareness of heart attack symptoms to start-up of specific reperfusion therapy is currently 4 hours. The National Heart Attack Alert Program wants to see this time reduced to 2 hours. Such dispatch would surely benefit patients, because when it comes to thrombolytic therapy, the sooner the better. Dr Ryan summarizes the new recommendations for handling patients with acute myocardial infarction rapidly and efficiently, from the 911 call and transport to the emergency department, through the important first 24 hours of hospitalization, to hospital discharge and long-term management. T he American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association recently updated the guidelines for managing acute myocardial infarction, which are intended for physicians, nurses, and allied healthcare personnel who attend to patients with suspected or established infarction. The guidelines are published in their entirety in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (November 1996) (1) and include specific recommendations on 35 separate treatment aspects. Each series of recommendations regarding indications for a diagnostic procedure, a particular therapy, or an intervention are classified as class I, II, or III (table 1) according to the weight of evidence and the degree of agreement that such therapy or intervention is beneficial, useful, and effective.

53. Postgraduate Medicine: Myocardial Infarction Symposium: Arrhythmias After Acute Arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. Evaluation and This is the fourth of five articles on myocardial infarction. Preview Patients http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1997/11_97/podrid.htm

Arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction Evaluation and management of rhythm and conduction abnormalities Philip J. Podrid, MD VOL 102 / NO 5 / NOVEMBER 1997 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE This is the fourth of five articles on myocardial infarction Preview : Patients with myocardial infarction can experience a wide range of arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities, from transient and relatively innocuous sinus bradycardia to life-threatening ventricular fibrillation. This nuts-and-bolts article covers all the possibilities, emphasizing the clinical significance of the various arrhythmias and their evaluation and treatment. Also included are indications for temporary and permanent pacemaker placement based on the revised ACC/AHA guidelines. V arious types of rhythm or conduction abnormalities can occur during or following an acute myocardial infarction. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (most commonly, atrial fibrillation) generally occur with a rapid heart rate and may cause or exacerbate ischemia, provoke a serious sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia, or induce or worsen heart failure. However, such arrhythmias are usually not life-threatening. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias may be asymptomatic and relatively innocuous (eg, ventricular premature beats), asymptomatic but of prognostic importance (eg, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia), or sustained and symptomatic or life-threatening (eg, sustained monomorphic or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation).

54. Evidence Matters: Myocardial Infarction [June 2002; 100-2] Evidence matters myocardial infarction. http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band100/b100-2.html

@import "../styles/advanced.css"; Skip navigation Back issue listing Subject Index Journal listing by subject Evidence matters: myocardial infarction Study Results Comment Of course, evidence itself is without effect. Putting evidence into action is when we should get the benefits. But do we? Demonstration that use of evidence makes a difference is something that many of us want to see. A report from Derbyshire [1] indicates that for mortality after heart attack, we are beginning to get big gains. Study This took place in the health district of South Derbyshire, which has a population of 560,000 with common computerised patient administration and pathology systems. All patients admitted with a coding of acute myocardial infarction over the five years of 1995 to 1999 were obtained, with information from the pathology system about measurements for creatine kinase. Excluded were patients with a coding of myocardial infarction but who had no creatine kinase measured, about 4% of the total. The pathology database was also interrogated for blood lipids in the year after the date of admission. Results There were 5,166 admissions over the five years, two thirds men and two thirds under 75 years old. Creatine kinase tests were requested on 4,912 of them, and 3,382 survived at least one year.

55. Getting Better - Myocardial Infarction [Jan 2004; 119-3] Getting better myocardial infarction. Study Results Comment Table 1 Main changes in myocardial infarction incidence and treatment in the USA. http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band119/b119-3.html

@import "../styles/advanced.css"; Skip navigation Back issue listing Subject Index Journal listing by subject Getting better - myocardial infarction Study Results Comment Again, we tend to think of EBM as a result about a particular intervention, achieved usually through a systematic review (and probably some form of meta-analysis), or with results from a solid randomised trial. Yet healthcare is multidimensional, and often involves complex packages of care, of which a single intervention may play only a small part. Bandolier 100 highlighted a study from South Derbyshire showing that over five years from 1995 to 1999 mortality over 30 days and one year after a heart attack showed consistent year-on-year reductions, alongside improvements in the use of treatments for which there was a strong evidence base. Bandolier had overlooked a US report showing the same thing, but over a longer period [1]. Study The review used data from a variety of sources, including population-based studies reporting at least 10 years of data to determine changes in intervention rates for different therapies, meta-analyses of randomised trials to estimate benefit, and incidences of myocardial infarction in the US from a national hospital discharge survey. From these, a 30-day mortality was calculated, and the contribution of various treatment changes calculated. Results The main results are shown in Table 1. The age and sex adjusted incidence of myocardial infarction fell between 1975 and 1995 by 29%, with most of the reduction in the early 1990s. More people had hypertension. Over the period the average age of patients with myocardial infarction increased by five years, with 7% more women diagnosed.

56. Treatment Of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Treatment of acute myocardial infarction. BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCE(S). (Annotations 30 and 31). Treatment of Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Algorithm Annotations. http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3659

57. Myocardial Infarction. Brief Summary. GUIDELINE TITLE. myocardial infarction. BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCE(S). Finnish Medical Society Duodecim. Arrhythmias in myocardial infarction. Objectives. http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=4373

58. Acute Myocardial Infarction This chapter, written by Christopher T. Bajzer, MD, covers acute myocardial infarction. The Cleveland Clinic. Signs and Symptoms of a myocardial infarction. http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/diseasemanagement/cardiology/acutemi/acutemi

Published May 30, 2002 Christopher T. Bajzer, MD Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Print Chapter The Cleveland Clinic Foundation DEFINITION Definition Prevalence Pathophysiology Signs and ... References National Guidelines ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as death or necrosis of myocardial cells. It is a diagnosis at the end of the spectrum of myocardial ischemia or acute coronary syndromes. Myocardial infarction occurs when myocardial ischemia exceeds a critical threshold and overwhelms myocardial cellular repair mechanisms that are designed to maintain normal operating function and hemostasis. Ischemia at this critical threshold level for an extended time period results in irreversible myocardial cell damage or death. The most common etiology of MI is a thrombus superimposed on a ruptured or unstable atherosclerotic plaque.

59. Medication After A Myocardial Infarction - Patient UK If you have had a myocardial infarction (heart attack), you will usually be advised to take an aspirin, a betablocker, an ACE inhibitor, and a statin medicine http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc.asp?doc=23069091

60. After A Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) - Patient UK This leaflet briefly discusses the common advice that applies to most people who have had a myocardial infarction (MI or heart attack ). http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc.asp?doc=23069090

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