61. Neurology Department Of Yale School Of Medicine Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy. History. Unlike many of the other muscular dystrophies, FSH is not associated with disease of other organ systems. http://info.med.yale.edu/neurol/programs/neuromuscular/fsh.html

Search this site Yale University School of Medicine Department of Neurology P.O. Box 208018 New Haven, CT Clinical Programs Index Neuromuscular Disorders Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy History Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSH) was first described by Landouzy and Dejerine in 1885, and was therefore named after them. Duchenne had published a photograph of a typical FSH patient in 1862, 23 years earlier, but still the disease became known as Landouzy-Dejerine disease. From the beginning, FSH was recognized as an autosomal dominant disorder. This was confirmed, however, in 1950 by Tyler and Stephens, who conducted a large study based upon records from the Mormon church in Salt Lake City, Utah. The exact nature of the disease, however, was a topic of heated debate for many years. The controversy centered around whether the muscle weakness and wasting was primarily from a neuropathic or myopathic cause. The debate was eventually settled in favor of a myopathic etiology, and in 1954, Walston and Nattrass included FSH as one of the three categories of muscular dystrophy, along with Duchenne MD and Limb-Girdle MD. FSH has survived as a distinct clinical entity, which was confirmed by the discovery that it is a distinct genetic disorder as well. Clinical Presentation

62. Muscular Dystrophy - Musculoskeletal Disorders The group of diseases called muscular dystrophies includes many inherited disorders such as There are no known cures for the various muscular dystrophies. http://www.medicalconsumerguide.com/primary_care/arthritis_musculoskeletal_disor

Medical Consumer Information, Articles, Products and Services MEDICAL CONSUMER GUIDE Primary Care Elective Care Dental Vision ... MCG - HOME PAGE Select Specialty :Breast Implants :Chiropractics :Cosmetic/Plastic Surgery :Facial Plastic Surgery :Fertility/Infertility :Hair Loss Treatment :LASIK Vision Correction :General :Cosmetic Dentists :Dental Implants :Laser Dentists :Orthodontists :Pediatric Dentists :Allergy/Immunology :Anesthesiology :Cardiology :Dermatology :Endocrinology :Emergency Medicine :Family Practice :Gastroenterology :General Surgery :Genetics :Geriatrics :Hematology :Internal Medicine :Nephrology :Neurology :Oncology :Ophthalmology :Orthopedics :Pediatrics :Podiatry :Psychiatry :Psychology :Pulmonology :Radiology :Urology MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY What is Muscular Dystrophy?

63. Muscular Dystrophy - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic and hereditary myopathies; characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic and hereditary myopathies ; characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness , defects in muscle proteins , and the death of muscle cells and tissue . In some forms of muscular dystrophy, cardiac and smooth muscles are affected. Table of contents 1 Cause 2 Varieties and symptoms of muscular dystrophy 3 Treatment 3.1 Prognosis ... edit Cause Musuclar dystrophy is caused by the absence of a protein dystrophin , which results in an abnormal level of calcium entering muscle cells . The excess calcium damages proteins and kills cells. edit Varieties and symptoms of muscular dystrophy The major forms of muscular dystrophy include myotonic, Duchenne, Becker, limb-girdle, facioscapulohumeral, congenital, oculopharyngeal, distal, Emery-Dreifuss and severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy. Duchenne is the most common form of muscular dystrophy affecting children, and myotonic muscular dystrophy is the most common form affecting adults. Muscular dystrophy can affect people of all ages. Although some forms first become apparent in infancy or childhood, others may not appear until middle age or later. The most frequent symptoms are muscle weakness (frequent falls, walking problems, eyelid drooping), skeletal and muscle deformities. Neurologic examination often reveals loss of muscle tissue (wasting), muscle contracture, pseudohypertrophy and weakness. Diagnosis is usually established by muscle biopsy, elevated serum CK levels and electromyography examination, which is consistent with myogenic involvement. Some types of muscular dystrophy may present with additional cardiac disease, intellectual deterioration and infertility. There is no known cure for muscular dystrophy. Inactivity (such as bedrest and even sitting for long periods) can worsen the disease. Physical therapy and orthopedic instruments (e.g.

64. Bone Marrow Transplant For Muscular Dystrophy The technique, similar to that used in human bone marrow transplants, may some day become an effective way to treat muscular dystrophies affecting some 250,000 http://www.applesforhealth.com/bonemarr1.html

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65. Muscular Dystrophy Association - Member Charities - Community Health Charities O Muscular Dystrophy Association, Minnesota Chapter. The muscular dystrophies Duchenne, Becker, Limb-Girdle, Myotonic, Fascioscapular, etc. http://www.healthcharitiesmn.org/member_charities/health_resources/mda.htm

About Us Member Charities Campaign Services Contact Us Supporting health is good business. Health Resource Guide CHCM Home Volunteer Opportunities and Special Events Member Charities ALS Association, Minnesota Chapter, The Alzheimer's Association, The American Liver Foundation American Lung Association of Minnesota ... Sign up now to receive regular e-mail updates. Muscular Dystrophy Association, Minnesota Chapter 4530 West 77th Street, #164 Edina, MN 55435 Fax: 952-831-7131 E-mail: minneapolisservices@mdausa.org Web site: www.mdausa.org Mission Purpose Health Connection ... Additional Resources Mission A dedicated partnership between scientists and concerned citizens aimed at conquering neuromuscular diseases that affect more than a million Americans. GO TOP Purpose MDA works in your community to combat neuromuscular disease through (1) basic and applied scientific research (2) local comprehensive programs of medical services and clinical care, and (3) professional and public health education. GO TOP Health Connection Your local MDA office, one of 250 nationwide, is available to serve anyone with one of the 43 neuromuscular diseases in the Association's program.

66. Muscular Dystrophy Relationships between various muscular dystrophies will be resolved by genetic mapping rather than clinical manifestations. Duchenne http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia/medical/Volume VII/MUSCULAR DYSTROP

Amershamhealth.com Search for: Type a word or a phrase. All forms of the word are searchable. Browse entry words starting with: A B C D ... Other characters Muscular dystrophy, a group of neuromuscular diseases with the following criteria: primary, progressive myopathy with degeneration and death of muscle fibres and a genetic basis for the disorder. Some are severe at birth or lead to early death; others are slowly progressive over decades. Relationships between various muscular dystrophies will be resolved by genetic mapping rather than clinical manifestations. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the commonest hereditary neuromuscular disease and the second most common lethal genetic disorder. Its incidence is 1:3,600 liveborn males and is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait (Xp21 locus). Calf enlargement (pseudohypertrophy) with thigh muscle wasting is a typical clinical feature. This enlargement can be quantitatively measured by ultrasound as the combined thickness of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of greater than 3.0 standard deviations of normal. The enlarged muscle shows extensive replacement by fat, which is well demonstrated on ultrasound or CT. MRI is well suited for evaluation of the severity of the disease. After the calf, the next most common site of muscular hypertrophy is the tongue, followed by the forearm. Cardiomyopathy is a constant feature of the disease. The severity of the cardiac involvement does not necessarily correlate with the degree of skeletal muscle weakness. Pharyngeal weakness may lead to aspiration. Scoliosis is rapidly progressive after confinement to a wheelchair. Death occurs usually by 18 years of age.

67. Muscular Dystrophy- Medcohealth.com Muscular dystrophy. Source ADAM, Inc. Cause And Risk. The group of diseases called muscular dystrophies (MD) includes many inherited disorders such as http://www.medcohealth.com/medco/consumer/ehealth/ehsarticle.jsp?ltSess=y&articl

68. Muscular Dystrophy - DrGreene.com - Caring For The Next Generation The muscular dystrophies are a group of illnesses that share several things in common. The muscular dystrophies are all lifelong, progressive conditions. http://www.drgreene.com/21_1443.html

QUICK SEARCH A - Z Guide Allergies Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Bedwetting Breastfeeding Childhood Obesity Diabetes Care Guide Ear Infections Genetics Immunizations Infectious Diseases Parenting Potty Training Rashes Safety Sleep About DrGreene.com Archives About Us Context Reviews Awards Readers Comments Press Room Partners and Supporters Topic Centers Contact Us Pediatric Information A-Z Guide Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Diabetes Care Guide Discussion Boards DrGreene´s Chats DrGreene´s Event Schedule FAQ Fast Facts Feature Articles Guidelines Pediatric Updates Special Feature Top Tips Community Activty Guide Advanced Search Community Central Chat Chat Schedule Cute Faces Discussion Boards Family Friendly Recipes Parent-to-Parent Resources The DrGreene Team Newsletter Prenatal Newborn Infants Toddlers Pre-Schoolers School Age Teens / Adolescents Multimedia Library Fertility Children's Health Muscular Dystrophy Related concepts: The Gower Sign, Landouzy-Dejerine Disease, Steinert Disease Introduction: Fundraising telethons and vague images of crippled children loom in most parents' minds when they hear the words "muscular dystrophy." The truth is that rapid advances in molecular genetic engineering hold promise for children with muscular dystrophy. Support of these efforts makes good sense. What is it?

69. Neurology - Muscular Dystrophy The specific gene disorder is known for most of the common muscular dystrophies, but there are many less common conditions for which the specific defects need http://www.cedars-sinai.edu/3006.html

Home Medical Dictionary Contact Us About Us ... Trigeminal Neuralgia Muscular Dystrophy Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of diseases that cause weakness in the muscles closest to the torso (mid-section of the body). There are several kinds of muscular dystrophy, with the most common being Duchenne's. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is an inherited disease of skeletal (voluntary) muscles and the most common form of childhood muscular dystrophy. It generally appears from age three to six years and worsens rapidly. At first, muscle weakness and wasting (atrophy) within the pelvic (hipbone) area occurs followed by similar problems in the shoulder muscles. Eventually, muscle weakness and atrophy affect the trunk and forearms and gradually spread to the major muscles of the body. From 20 to 30 boys of every 100,000 born are affected by Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Another, less common form of muscular dystrophy is facioscapulohumeral muscular dystophy (FSHD or Landouzy-Dejerine syndrome), affecting mainly facial, shoulder and arm muscles. Depending on the type of disease present, symptoms of muscular dystrophy may include a waddling way of walking, difficulty climbing stairs or rising from sitting and repeated falling. As the disease worsens, other abnormalities may develop, such as curvature of the spine, wasting of thigh muscles, abnormal enlargement of the calves and enlargement of the heart.

70. Muscular Dystrophy Association In general, weakness develops in a matter of weeks or months – rather than years, as in Muscular Dystrophy. a. muscular dystrophies http://www.mdasa.org.au/Poly_Derm.html

POLYMYOSITIS/DERMATOMYOSITIS What are Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis? In Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis, voluntary muscle undergoes degenerative changes often accompanied by inflammation. The cardinal symptom of these diseases is muscular weakness, which is usually progressive and may be severely disabling. Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis, the major inflammatory myopathies, share common patterns of muscle weakness and wasting but differ with respect to certain other pathological features (discussed below). What are they early symptoms of these diseases? Weakness, typically symmetrical, is usually first evident in the large muscles about the hips and shoulders -–the proximal muscles of the pelvic and shoulder girdles. The patient may notice difficulty in rising from a chair, in climbing stairs, and in holding arms upright. Excessive fatigue may occur upon prolonged standing or walking. In some cases, there is an early and severe involvement of the muscles used in swallowing and breathing. At what age do symptoms appear?

71. Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Congenital muscular dystrophies often show hypotonia or generalized muscle weakness with multiple joint contractures at birth or in the first year of life, and http://orphanet.infobiogen.fr/data/patho/GB/uk-LGMD.html

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy Author: Doctor Anneke J. van der Kooi Scientific Editor: Professor Marianne de Visser Creation date: November 2002 Disease names and synonyms Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) Limb girdle dystrophy Name of excluded diseases All other diseases presenting with limb girdle weakness, i.e. limb girdle syndromes1. Diagnostic criteria/ Definition LGMD constitutes a group of genetically determined, progressive disorders of muscles, in which the pelvic or shoulder girdle musculature is predominantly or primarily involved. It may be inherited in an autosomal recessive or dominant fashion. Disease onset may occur at any age. In recessive families onset beyond the early twenties is rare, but later onset may occur in dominant cases. Progression of muscle weakness is inevitable but ranges from rapid to very slow. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity is always high in autosomal recessive cases, but might be normal in some dominant families. Investigations such as electromyography and muscle biopsy usually provide evidence of non-specific myopathic or dystrophic changes. All other causes of a limb girdle syndrome have to be excluded (1). Different subtypes of LGMD can now be distinguished by means of protein- and genetic analysis.

72. CCHS Clinical Digital Library Chapter 506 muscular dystrophies Access document. Chapter 184 Muscular Disorders Table of contents muscular dystrophies Access document. http://cchs-dl.slis.ua.edu/clinical/neurology/neuromusculardisorders/musculardys

Clinical Resources by Topic: Neurology Muscular Dystrophy Clinical Resources Pediatrics Pathology Genetics Clinical Guidelines ... Miscellaneous Resources See also: Neurological Clinical Procedure Resources General Neurology Clinical Resources Muscular Dystrophy Patient/Family Resources Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 15th Ed.-2001: Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Chapter 381: Approach to the Patient with Muscle Disease Table of contents Introduction: Access document Clinical Features: Access document Laboratory Evaluation: Access document Chapter 383: Approach to the Patient with Muscle Disease Table of contents Introduction: Access document Hereditary Myopathies: Access document Introduction: Access document Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Access document Genetics: Access document Pathogenesis: Access document Treatment: Access document Becker Muscular Dystrophy: Access document Treatment: Access document Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy: Access document Genetics: Access document Treatment: Access document Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy: Access document Congenital Muscular Dystrophy: Access document Myotonic Dystrophy: Access document Genetics: Access document Treatment: Access document Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy: Access document Genetics: Access document Treatment: Access document Oculopharyngeal Dystrophy: Access document Genetics: Access document Treatment: Access document Distal Myopathies: Access document Congenital Myopathies: Access document Central Core Disease: Access document Genetics: Access document Nemaline Myopathy:

73. CCHS Clinical Digital Library Muscular Dystrophy Patient/Family Resources. Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies Access document; Other muscular dystrophies Access document; http://cchs-dl.slis.ua.edu/patientinfo/neurology/neuromusculardisorders/muscular

Patient/Family Resources by Topic: Neurology Muscular Dystrophy Patient/Family Resources Pediatrics Spanish Miscellaneous See also: General Neurology Patient/Family Resources Muscular Dystrophy Clinical Resources MEDLINE plus Medical Encyclopedia: Table of contents Muscular Dystrophy: English Spanish Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy: English Spanish Becker's Muscular Dystrophy: English Spanish InteliHealth Disease and Condition Guide Table of contents Muscular Dystrophy: Access document Merck Manual - Second Home Edition Table of contents Section 5. Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders: Table of contents Chapter 73. Muscular Dystrophy and Related Disorders: Table of contents Introduction: Access document Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies: Access document Other Muscular Dystrophies: Access document Myotonic Myopathies: Access document Periodic Paralysis: Access document Complete Home Medical Guide: Table of contents Brain, Nerve, and Muscle Disorders: Table of contents Muscular Dystrophy and Other Muscle Diseases: Access document Duchenne Dystrophy: Access document Pediatrics KidsHealth (Nemours Foundation): Homepage Health Information for Parents: Table of contents Medical Problems: List of documents Muscular Dystrophy: Access document Spanish MEDLINE plus Medical Encyclopedia: Table of contents Muscular Dystrophy: English Spanish Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy: English Spanish Becker's Muscular Dystrophy: English Spanish Miscellaneous Muscular Dystrophy Patients/Family Resources Healthfinder (US DHHS): Homepage Muscular Dystrophy: List of documents National Library of Medicine MEDLINE

74. Disease - Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD) Diagnostic Workup, The limbgirdle muscular dystrophies typically show degeneration/regeneration of muscle (dystrophic biopsy), which is usually associated with http://disability.ucdavis.edu/resources/diseases/list/disease.asp?id=7

75. Muscular Dystrophy, Limb Girdle Bushby KM, Making sense of the limbgirdle muscular dystrophies. Brain. Bushby KM, The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies-multiple genes, multiple mechanisms. http://www.bchealthguide.org/kbase/nord/nord904.htm

document.write(''); var hwPrint=1; var hwDocHWID="nord904"; var hwDocTitle="Muscular Dystrophy, Limb Girdle"; var hwRank="1"; var hwSectionHWID="nord904"; var hwSectionTitle=""; var hwSource="cn6.0"; var hwProdCfgSerNo="wsh_html_031_s"; var hwDocType="NORD"; National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. Muscular Dystrophy, Limb Girdle Important It is possible that the main title of the report is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Erb Muscular Dystrophy Leyden-Moebius Muscular Dystrophy LGMD Pelvofemoral Muscular Dystrophy Proximal Muscular Dystrophy Disorder Subdivisions None Related Disorders List Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related Disorders section of this report: Kugelberg-Welander Syndrome Muscular Dystrophy, Becker Myopathy, Scapuloperoneal Polymyositis General Discussion Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy is a group of inherited, progressive disorders that are characterized by weakness and wasting (atrophy) of muscles of the hip and shoulder areas. Several different forms of the disorder have been identified that are caused by abnormal changes (mutations) of certain genes. Of these disease subtypes, at least eight have autosomal recessive inheritance and at least three are transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. In most individuals with Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, associated symptoms and findings become apparent during childhood. However, less commonly, symptom onset may begin during adolescence or adulthood. Muscle weakness may spread from the lower limbs to the upper limbs or vice versa. Although the disorder typically progresses slowly, some affected individuals experience rapid disease progression.

76. Muscular Dystrophy, Becker References. PREFERENTIAL DELETION OF EXONS IN DUCHENNE AND BECKER muscular dystrophies SM Forrest, et al.; Nature (October 1521, 1987, issue 329 (6140)). Pp. http://www.bchealthguide.org/kbase/nord/nord598.htm

document.write(''); var hwPrint=1; var hwDocHWID="nord598"; var hwDocTitle="Muscular Dystrophy, Becker"; var hwRank="1"; var hwSectionHWID="nord598"; var hwSectionTitle=""; var hwSource="cn6.0"; var hwProdCfgSerNo="wsh_html_031_s"; var hwDocType="NORD"; National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. Muscular Dystrophy, Becker Important It is possible that the main title of the report is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Benign Juvenile Muscular Dystrophy BMD Progressive Tardive Muscular Dystrophy Disorder Subdivisions None Related Disorders List Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related Disorders section of this report: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Leyden-Moebius Muscular Dystrophy Gower's Muscular Dystrophy General Discussion Becker Muscular Dystrophy is a rare inherited muscle wasting disease usually beginning during the second or third decade of life. This slowly progressive disorder affects males almost exclusively. Muscles of the hips and shoulders are weakened, walking abnormalities develop, and mild mental retardation may be present. Eventually, other more severe symptoms may involve the heart and lungs. Symptoms Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) is characterized by slowly progressive weakness of the hip and shoulder muscles. These muscles tend to be firm and rubbery. Deep tendon reflexes may be lost early in the course of this disorder. Ability to walk is affected, and mild mental retardation may be present. Joint contractures, curvature of the spine (scoliosis), restrictive lung disease, and in rare cases heart problems, can develop with time. Female carriers of BMD are usually not affected, although most have an elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentration in the blood system.

77. Muscular Dystrophy - Encyclopedia Article About Muscular Dystrophy. Free Access, encyclopedia article about Muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy. Word Word. The muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Muscular dystrophy

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Muscular dystrophy Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition The muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic Genetics is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. Humans began applying knowledge of genetics in prehistory with the domestication and breeding of plants and animals. Within organisms, genetic information generally is carried in chromosomes, where it is represented in the chemical structure of particular DNA molecules. Closely-related fields The science Click the link for more information. and hereditary Something that can be characterized as hereditary is passed from parent to child, either through their genes (such as facial features and certain diseases) or through the social institution called inheritance (for example, a title of nobility is passed from individual to individual according to relevant customs and/or laws). Bloodline is a term describing one's familial ancestry. Click the link for more information. myopathies; characterized by progressive

78. Muscular Dystrophy: A Challenge To Both Science And Ethics In The Quest For A Be Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies are variable phenotypic expressions of a gene defect at the Xp21 site. Becker form has http://www.dartmouth.edu/~cbbc/courses/bio4/bio4-1997/AmirNahai.html

Muscular Dystrophy: a challenge to both science and ethics in the quest for a better life. by Amir Nahai It is only recently that medicine, biology and even health care have become not only a primary concern of society but also one of the central focuses of mainstream media. Indeed it is rare that a day goes by without an article on these topics on the cover of newspapers such as The New York Times. Whereas this type of information used to be reserved for people in the field, daily program's such as CNN's Your Health have brought the science and the debates around it to the center of our society. This essay shall focus on one of the most talked about, common and painful genetic disorders. After explaining what the symptoms and causes for muscular dystrophy are we shall reflect upon the moral, ethical and practical debates that surround the technology being developed for the prevention, screening and curing of the disorder. The term muscular dystrophy is used generically to encompass several muscular disorders present at birth and probably all genetically inherited. These cause progressive weakness, disability and ultimately death which occurs in adolescence from secondary infections or intractable congestive heart failure (Complete Home Medical Guide, Pg 636-637). From a clinical point of view there are at least six major forms of the disease. Although from a clinical point of view there are differences between the different types, they all share the same pathological findings (Textbook of child neurology, Pg. 826). Duchenne dystrophy is the most severe and probably the best known (Complete Home Medical Guide, Pg. 637), it will also be the one studied in this essay.

79. Drug Treatment For Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (Cochrane Review) Creatine has been used as a muscle performance enhancer by athletes and it might be helpful in muscular dystrophies including facioscapulohumeral muscular http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/ab002276.htm

From The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2004 Drug treatment for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (Cochrane Review) Rose MR, Tawil R ABSTRACT Order full review View and/or submit comments What's new in this issue Search abstracts ... Browse by Review Group A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 10 February 2004. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is a progressive muscle disease which has no agreed treatment. Early suggestions that corticosteroids might be helpful were not supported by a subsequent open label study. The beta 2 adrenergic agonist albuterol, also known as salbutamol, is known to have anabolic effects which might be beneficial for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Creatine has been used as a muscle performance enhancer by athletes and it might be helpful in muscular dystrophies including facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Objectives: The objective of the review was to determine whether there is any drug treatment which alters the progression of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

80. Neuromuscular Disease Project - Boston Childen's Hospital - Harvard Medical Scho muscular dystrophies are genetic disorders because they inherited or acquired via genes, our body s recipes for life. muscular dystrophies http://www.tch-genomics.org/pat_fam-dmd_bmd.php

Home Overview Links News ... Support Become a Participant Many families are interested in supporting our research. Click here to find out how you can help. Need Assistance? Contact our on-staff research genetic counselor Investigators Louis Kunkel, PhD Robert Brown, MD Alan Beggs, PhD Emanuela Gussoni, PhD ... Isaac Kohane, MD, PhD Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) Inheritance: X-linked Recessive Genetic Alteration: Usually a deletion on X chromosome, or a point mutation. Incidence: 1 in every 3,300-4,000 live male births is affected with DMD and 3 to 6 in every 100,000 live male births is affected with BMD Onset: usually by age 3 with DMD and in adolescence or early adulthood with BMD. Muscles Affected: pectoral muscles, muscles of the trunk, upper and lower legs, muscles of heart and respiratory system. Other Ways DMD/BMD Affect the Body: Muscular dystrophies are genetic disorders because they inherited or acquired via genes, our body's recipes for life. Muscular dystrophies involve progressive muscle wasting and muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common inherited form of muscle disease. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on the X chromosome, called the dystrophin gene. Becker muscular dystrophy is also caused by genetic alteration in the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome, however, the genetic alterations that cause these two forms of muscular dystrophy differ.

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