21. Valve Disease: Balloon Valvotomy A return of previous symptoms (symptoms you had before the procedure was performed). Does balloon valvotomy cure mitral valve disease? http://www.clevelandclinic.org/heartcenter/pub/guide/disease/valve/balloon_valve

Heart Guide Vascular Guide History of Innovations About Us ... Dictionary Treating the Heart, Blood Vessels and Circulation Balloon Mitral Valvotomy There are four valves within your heart. The heart valves make sure blood flows in only one direction through your heart. To work properly, the valves must open to allow blood to flow through and close tightly to stop blood from flowing in the wrong direction. The mitral valve is located between the left upper and lower chambers of the heart. It has two leaflets that open and close similar to a double door. Click here to learn more about your heart valves mitral valve stenosis (narrowed opening) What is mitral stenosis? Mitral stenosis most commonly develops many years after a person has had rheumatic fever, although many patients diagnosed with mitral stenosis don't recall ever having the illness. During rheumatic fever, the valve becomes inflamed. Over time, the leaflets of the inflamed valve stick together and become scarred, rigid, and thickened, limiting its ability to open completely. How is mitral valve stenosis treated?

22. Mitral Valve Disease A Chapter from the Cleveland Clinic s Disease Management Project, authored by Brian Griffin, MD and Emil Hayek, MD, which deals with mitral valve disease. http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/diseasemanagement/cardiology/mitralvalve/mit

Published May 29, 2002 Reviewed January 15, 2004 Brian Griffin, MD Department of Cardiology Emil Hayek, MD Department of Cardiology Print Chapter The Cleveland Clinic Foundation The mitral valve is made up of the annulus, the anterior and posterior leaflets, and the chordae, which attach the leaflets to their respective papillary muscles. A normally functioning valve allows blood to flow unimpeded from the left atrium to the left ventricle during diastole and prevents regurgitation during systole. Normal mitral valve function is dependent not only on the integrity of the underlying valvular structure, but on that of the adjacent myocardium as well. This chapter reviews three types of mitral valve disease: mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation (including primary nonischemic, ischemic, and functional mitral regurgitation), and mitral valve prolapse. Practice guidelines published jointly by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) for the management of patients with valvular heart disease are referenced within this chapter.

23. Mitral Valve Disease -- Print Version TITLE mitral valve disease. AUTHORS BRIAN GRIFFIN, MD Department of Cardiology. Durability of mitral valve repair for degenerative disease. http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/diseasemanagement/cardiology/mitralvalve/mit

TITLE: MITRAL VALVE DISEASE AUTHORS: BRIAN GRIFFIN, MD Department of Cardiology EMIL HAYEK, MD Department of Cardiology PUBLISHED: MAY 29, 2002 REVIEWED: JANUARY 15, 2004 The mitral valve is made up of the annulus, the anterior and posterior leaflets, and the chordae, which attach the leaflets to their respective papillary muscles. A normally functioning valve allows blood to flow unimpeded from the left atrium to the left ventricle during diastole and prevents regurgitation during systole. Normal mitral valve function is dependent not only on the integrity of the underlying valvular structure, but on that of the adjacent myocardium as well. This chapter reviews three types of mitral valve disease: mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation (including primary nonischemic, ischemic, and functional mitral regurgitation), and mitral valve prolapse. Practice guidelines published jointly by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) for the management of patients with valvular heart disease are referenced within this chapter. MITRAL STENOSIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Mitral stenosis is usually caused by rheumatic involvement of the mitral apparatus. Single or recurrent bouts of rheumatic carditis may cause progressive thickening and calcification of the leaflets and chordae. Fusion of the mitral commissures decreases the size of the mitral opening. Although the incidence of rheumatic fever and secondary rheumatic valvular disease has steeply declined during the past 4 decades in the United States, rheumatic heart disease is still a major cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Patients often do not recall a history of rheumatic fever, and clinically apparent mitral stenosis frequently does not develop for more than 20 years after such an episode. Less common etiologies of mitral stenosis include infective endocarditis, severe calcification of the mitral annulus, tumors, systemic lupus erythematosus, and carcinoid.

24. Mitral Valve Disease,heart Matters Exit Exit mitral valve disease (Stenosis,Insuficiency). FS.SADR MD FACS. mitral valve disease COULD CAUSE MITRAL STENOSIS (MS) OR http://www.enter.net/~fsadr/mitvalve.htm

Mitral Valve disease (Stenosis,Insuficiency) F.S.SADR MD FACS MITRAL VALVE DISEASE COULD CAUSE MITRAL STENOSIS (MS) OR REGURGITATION (MR).IN MITRAL STENOSIS(MS) TOO LITTLE BLOOD DRAINS TO THE MAIN PUMPING CHAMBER OF THE HEART (LEFT VENTRICLE,LV),IN CONTRAST WITH MITRAL REGURGITATION (MR) PORTION OF THE BLOOD FROM LEFT VENTRICLE WILL REGURGITATE IN TO THE LEFT ATRIUM (CHAMBER ABOVE MITRAL VALVE) THROUGH THE MITRAL VALVE AND SUBSEQUENTLY BLOOD WILL BACK UP IN TO THE LUNGS AND CAUSES NUMEROUS SYMPTOMS. INDICATIONS FOR SPECIFIC VALVE TYPE WHETHER THEY BE MECHANICAL OR BIOPROSTHESIS ,HAVE BEEN REGOROUSLY DEFINED IN RECENT YEARS .CANDIDATE FOR BIOPROSTHESIS WOULD BE: OLDERS PATIENT PATIENTS WHO ARE NONCOMPLIANT. PATIENTS WHO HAVE CONTRAINDICATIONS TO ANTICOAGULATION . PATIENT IN NORMAL SINUS RHYTHEM. YOUNG FEMALE DESIROUS OF FUTURE PREGNANCY. RECENT DATA SUGGEST THAT PATIENT AGE AND PRESENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE MAY SIGNIFICANTLY ALTER THE INDICATIONS FOR MECHANICAL OR BIOPROSTHESIS(TISSUE VALVES).SURVIVAL FOR MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT IS AFFECTED BY ETIOLOGY OF THE VALVE DISEASE NECESSITATING THE OPERATION. THE BEST SURVIVAL OCCURS IN PATIENTS IN WHOM THE MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT IS FOR MYXOID DEGENERATION (NONRHEUMATIC,NON CALCIFIC)

25. Pathophysiology Of Mitral Valve Disease And Operative Indications is the one most commonly involved (isolated mitral stenosis is found in 40 percent of cases), followed by combined aortic and mitral valve disease, and least http://www.ctsnet.org/edmunds/Chapter32section2.html

MITRAL STENOSIS Etiology Mitral stenosis, in general, is due to rheumatic heart disease. [ ] Nonrheumatic causes of mitral stenosis or LV inflow obstruction include severe mitral annular and/or leaflet calcification, congenital mitral valve deformities, malignant carcinoid syndrome, neoplasm, left atrial thrombus, endocarditic vegetations, certain inherited metabolic diseases, and cases related to a previous commissurotomy (surgical or percutaneous) or implanted prosthetic heart valve [ (Fig. 32-4) . A definite clinical history of rheumatic fever can be obtained in only about 50 to 60 percent of patients; women are affected more often than men by a 2 to 3:1 ratio. Nearly always acquired before age 20, rheumatic heart disease becomes clinically evident 10 to 30 years later. Approximately 20 million cases of rheumatic fever occur in third world countries annually, with a correspondingly high incidence of advanced mitral stenosis later in life. [ ] In the United States and other developed countries, the frequency of mitral stenosis has decreased markedly. The etiologic agent for acute rheumatic fever is group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, but the specific mechanisms leading to the valvulitis are unknown. [ ] Streptococcal antigens cross-react with human tissues and can modify immune mechanisms. Differences in the cellular and extracellular proteins in the many strains of group A streptococcus may be important in the development of rheumatic heart disease. The virulence of the organism may include the hyaluronic acid capsule and the serotype of the antigenic capsular M protein, which resists phagocytosis and opsonization. [

26. Mayo Clinic: Mitral Valve Disease - Information And Treatment Options Mayo Clinic provides information on mitral valve disease. Treatment of mitral valve disease at Mayo Clinic in Rochester. Barbara Bachman. http://www.mayoclinic.org/mitralvalvedisease-rst/

Home About Mayo Clinic Contact Us Mayo Clinic Locations: Arizona Florida Minnesota Mayo Clinic ... Medical Services Mitral Valve Disease Mitral Valve Disease Treatment Mitral Valve Surgery Mitral Valve Regurgitation Mitral Valve Stenosis ... Medical Services Treatment of Mitral Valve Disease at Mayo Clinic in Rochester Barbara Bachman is "back in the dirt" and enjoying life after heart valve surgery at Mayo Clinic. Read more. Mitral valve repair may be needed because of degenerating damage caused by a heart attack, an abnormality present from birth, or a disease such as rheumatic fever. There are two main types of mitral valve disease: mitral valve regurgitation and mitral valve stenosis Mayo Clinic Heart Valve Disease Clinic Located within Mayo Clinic in Rochester, the Heart Valve Disease Clinic integrates the most advanced diagnostic and treatment options with a patient-centered, team approach to the treatment of heart valve disease. Nationally-recognized cardiologists with years of advanced training, experience and expertise in all aspects of heart valve disease work as a team to ensure communication and coordination among a patient's clinical cardiologist, heart rhythm specialists (electrophysiologists), cardiac surgeons and cardiologists in the Clinic’s catheterization, echocardiographic and nuclear laboratories.

27. Cavalier King Charles Spaniels - Mitral Valve Disease mitral valve disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. There is currently no way of detecting early in life tendency to develop mitral valve disease. http://home.vicnet.net.au/~cavalier/mitral.htm

Breed Information Breed Description Breed History Breed Standard Cavalier's Bookshelf ... Mitral Valve Disease Club Information Club Activities Champ Show 2003 Club History Contacting Us ... Rescue Story Links Canine Associations Cavalier Clubs Home Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club Of Victoria Inc. Mitral Valve Disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels The following article has been provided by Dr Russell Mitten, BVSc DVR (Consultant), who addressed the Club's General Meeting on the 15th February 2000. What is it? What goes wrong? Over a period of time we see progressive deterioration of the heart valves. The most commonly affected is the mitral valve, on the left side, followed by the tricuspid valve (on the right)and the aortic valve (on the left). The normal flexible thin valve leaflets become gnarled, fibrous and thickened, and their restraining tendons also thicken and sometimes rupture. The result is an incompetent leaky valve which allows progressively more and more backflow. Eventually up tp 80% of the output from the heart is leaking back through the valve (termed regurgitation) and only 20% is moving forward. As a result, the heart chambers enlarge, the heart muscle works harder and eventually the muscle may fail. In some cases, the thin-walled atrial chambers may rupture, and in others the valve tendons give way, both having disastrous (ie fatal) consequences. What are the signs?

28. Best Practice Medicine- Professional Reference - Mitral Valve mitral valve disease. more. Detailed recommendations in the Report, Obtain an electrocardiogram on all patients with suspected mitral valve disease. more. http://merck.micromedex.com/index.asp?page=bpm_brief&article_id=BPM01CA16

29. Best Practice Medicine-Professional Reference - Mitral Valve mitral valve disease. View the onepage Brief, Recall that acute care and hospitalization are seldom required for patients with mitral valve disease. http://merck.micromedex.com/index.asp?page=bpm_report&article_id=BPM01CA16§i

30. Cardiovascular Disorders, Heart Disease, Mitral Valve Disease Submit Your Site to the mitral valve disease category. Sponsored mitral valve disease Sites. Submit Your Site to the mitral valve disease category. http://www.iseekhealth.com/mitral_valve_disease-1293.php

Home About Us Contact Submit Your Site Search : Home Health Conditions and Diseases Cardiovascular Disorders ... Mitral Valve Disease More Mitral Valve Disease Categories: Submit Your Site to the Mitral Valve Disease category Sponsored Mitral Valve Disease Sites Do You Have High Cholesterol? One in five people has high cholesterol. Find out what you can do to control it. Off Your Feet For a While? If you're off your feet, even for a short time, your legs can develop killer blood clots. Find out how this condition, Deep Vain Thrombosis, can be prevented. dvt.net Off Your Feet For a While? If you're off your feet, even for a short time, your legs can develop killer blood clots. Find out how this condition, Deep Vain Thrombosis, can be prevented. dvt.net Unclog Blocked Arteries Angioprim Cardiovascular Cleaner. Safe, efferctive and low cost method to reverse heart disease. CoQ10 and Heart Disease Cardiovascular diseases, including congestive heart failure (CHF), have been successfully treated with Q-Gel CoQ10 supplementation. Find out more. Top rated site. Free information. A Case History - A 41-year-old white woman arrived at Uchee Pines Institute in a wheelchair. Mitral valve prolapse was diagnosed and the report talks about the disorder and some of the symptoms found.

31. Mitral Valve Disorders The most common cause of a leaky mitral valve is degenerative mitral valve disease. The hallmarks of degenerative mitral valve disease http://www.umm.edu/heart/mitral_valve_dis.html

Maryland Heart Center Request an Appointment About Us Virtual Tour ... Online Resources Maryland Heart Center Mitral Valve Disorders Valve Disease Overview Valve Disease Aortic Valve Disorders Aortic Valve Repair and Replacement Mitral Valve Repair and Replacement There are two ways that the mitral valve can malfunction. The most common is a leaky (or "regurgitant") mitral valve. In this case, the valve does not close properly, and blood flows backwards into the lungs when the heart muscle squeezes. Blood flowing backwards into the lungs can cause shortness of breath (first with exertion but later at rest). With time, the heart muscle will grow weaker, leading to congestive heart failure. The most common cause of a leaky mitral valve is degenerative mitral valve disease. The hallmarks of degenerative mitral valve disease (also known as "floppy valve syndrome") include weakness and redundancy of the leaflets and their supporting structures. Other causes of a leaky valve include infection (endocarditis) of the mitral valve, congenital abnormalities of the mitral valve, and a weakened and dilated heart muscle (usually from previous heart attacks) that causes the two mitral leaflets to be pulled apart.

32. The Physician And Sportsmedicine A family physician should seek cardiology consultation for anyone who has mitral valve disease with mitral regurgitation, significant arrhythmias, or a family http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/jul_96/joy.htm

33. Mitral Valve Disease Directory, Home Health Conditions and Diseases Cardiovascular Disorders Heart Disease Valvular mitral valve disease (30) See Also http://www.thenewhealthfind.com/Health/ConditionsandDiseases/CardiovascularDisor

Directory Home Health Conditions and Diseases Cardiovascular Disorders ... Valvular : Mitral Valve Disease (30) See Also: Health: Conditions and Diseases: Neurological Disorders: Dysautonomia Mitral Valve Prolapse Revisited - A site for nurses continuing education. Easy to read with good information about symptoms, diagnosing, bacterial threats and other related topics. Florida Institute For Cardiovascular Care - The Mitral Valve Prolapse Center specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, research, education, and support. Includes information about the center and its services. Skyline Family Practice - Covers topics such as historical background of mitral valve prolapse, preventing complications, as well as treatment, symptoms and diagnosing. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Learn about MVP, its symptoms, arrhythmias, chest pain, heart sounds, regurgitation, endocarditis, heart failure, valvular disease and other related topics. An email group for support and regular newsletters is available. Valvular Heart Disease Case 4: Mitral Stenosis - Study of a 46 year old woman who presents to the emergency room with palpitations and severe dyspnea. Nutrition - Information on drinking fluids, caffeine, sugar, fats, sodium and other nutrients and issues pertaining to mitral valve prolapse are discussed.

34. Mitral Valve Stenosis Health Search Engine, Mitral Valve Stenosis, mitral valve disease rank 1000 Health Conditions and Diseases Cardiovascular http://www.thenewhealthfind.com/health/Mitral Valve Stenosis

Mitral Valve Stenosis Mitral Valve Disease rank:       Directory   Home: Health: Conditions and Diseases: Cardiovascular Disorders: Heart Disease: Valvular: Mitral Valve Disease (30) See Also: Health: Conditions and Diseases: Neurological Disorders: Dysautonomia Mitral Valve Prolapse Revisited - A site for nurses continuing education. Easy to read with good information about symptoms, diagnosing, bacterial threats and other related topics. Florida Institute For Cardiovascular Care - The Mitral Valve Prolapse Center specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, research, education, and support. Includes information about the center and its services. Skyline Family Practice - Covers topics such as historical background of mitral valve Valvular rank:       Directory   Home: Health: Conditions and Diseases: Cardiovascular Disorders: Heart Disease: Valvular (78) Aortic Valve Disease (11) Mitral Valve Disease (30) Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome@ (19) Surgery (15) Tricuspid Valve Disease (6) Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease - From the American Heart Association, covers all the valve diseases, infective endocarditis, pregnancy, adolescents and young adults, prosthetic heart valves and coronary artery disease. The Cleveland Clinic Foundation - A guide explaining heart

35. U-M CVC - Heart Valve Diseases mitral valve disease The mitral valve is located between the leftsided filling chamber (atrium) and the pumping chamber (ventricle). http://www.med.umich.edu/cvc/adult/dishea.htm

The filling and pumping chambers on each side of the heart are separated by one-way valves. These four valves each have two or three tissue flaps called leaflets that act as doors which open and close to ensure that blood flows only in the proper direction. Left Side Valves mitral valve: between the left atrium (filling chamber) and the left ventricle (pumping chamber) aortic valve: between the left ventricle and the aorta (a large artery that takes blood to the rest of the body) Click here for more specific information on aortic valve. Right Side Valves tricuspid valve: between the right atrium (filling chamber) and the right ventricle (pumping chamber) pulmonic valve: between the right ventricle and vessels leading to the lungs Valve problems present from birth are called congenital malformations. Other valve deformities are not acquired until later in life. Conditions such as an infection can invade or damage the vaIve leaflets or doors. The natural aging process may weaken already damaged valve leaflets or harden normal valve tissue. Valve problems produce many symptoms. Faulty heart valves can cause dizziness, shortness of breath, fatigue, irregular heart beats, fluid buildup, strokes and heart attacks. Tests such as an echocardiogram or a cardiac catheterization can show if heart valves are damaged or not functioning properly.

36. U-M CVC - Mitral Valve The UM Medical Center is a leader in the diagnosis and treatment of mitral valve disease. For more information on mitral valve disease click here. http://www.med.umich.edu/cvc/adult/sermit.htm

Mitral Valve Clinic Taubman Health Care Center 1500 E. Medical Center Drive Floor 2, Reception Area B Floor 3, Reception Area C Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0344 Phone 888-287-1082 Directors: Steven F. Bolling, MD and Mark Starling, MD The U-M Medical Center is a leader in the diagnosis and treatment of mitral valve disease. The Mitral Valve Clinic offers coordinated and comprehensive evaluation, treatment and follow-up for patients with identified or suspected mitral valve disease. For more information on mitral valve disease click here. UM Cardiovascular Center 300 North Ingalls Building Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0477 http://www.med.umich.edu/ UMHS Home CVC Home Contact Us About MCHC

37. Mitral Valve Disease mitral valve disease. Mitral stenosis mitral valve prolapse; dilatation of the mitral valve ring (eg rheumatic fever, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy); http://www.bms.ed.ac.uk/services/webspace/ssm/thoraxmitral.htm

Mitral Valve Disease Mitral stenosis: There are three main underlying causes of mitral stenosis, which are age dependent. Normally mitral stenosis is rheumatic in origin, however, in the elderly it is usually due to heavy calification of the mitral valve apparatus (i.e. the cusps) and in the young there usually exists a congenital defect. Where the cause is rheumatic mitral stenosis the mitral orifice is slowly diminished by progressive fibrosis, calcification of the valave leaflets, fusion of the cusps (whereby the joins promote further calcification) and subvalvular apparatus. The result of this is a diminished blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, thereby causing an increase in atrial pressure causing pulmonary venous congestion and breathlessness. Eventually there will be dilatation and hypertrophy of the left atrium and left ventricle filling will become more dependent upon atrial contraction. Further to this there will be a compensatory increase in heart rate which will lead onto poor exercise tolerance. Usually the mitral orifice is approximately 5cm in diastole but this may be reduced in mitral stenosis to 1cm or less. Patients will usually remain asymptomatic until the stenosis is approximatelt 2cm

38. Wockhardt Hospital-Know Your Heart-Valve Disease Valve Disease. Rheumatic. · mitral valve disease · Aortic Valve Disease · Multiple Valve disease. - Non- Rheumatic. · Mitral Valve http://www.whhi.com/valve.htm

Valve Disease - Rheumatic - Non- Rheumatic :: Aortic Stenosis :: Aortic Regurgitation Valvular heart disease describes structural or functional abnormalities of single or multiple cardiac valves that results in alteration in blood flow across the valve. According to the causes it can be classified as: Rheumatic Rheumatic origin: Preceded by rheumatic fever Rheumatic fever Is an inflammatory disease, which occurs as a delayed sequel to pharyngeal infection with Beta hemolytic streptococci (Bacteria). This may lead to rheumatic heart disease if not treated properly on time. Rheumatic endocarditis Primarily affects the valve leading to fibrous thickening of the valve leaflets or even calcification leads to stenosis. Mitral and aortic valve commonly involved. Management: Antibiotics-Penicillin is the drug of choice. Salicylates and corticosteroids are also used. Non-Rheumatic Non-rheumatic origin: Caused by congenital malformations, bacterial endocarditis, syphilis etc.

39. WOCKHARDT HOSPITAL-Know Your Heart- Valve Disease mitral valve diseaseS 1. Mitral Stenosis Is the progressive thickening and contracture of mitral valve cusps(flaps) with narrowing of opening of the mitral http://www.whhi.com/congenital.htm

Congenital Heart Diseases - Cynotic a. Tetrology Of Fallot b. Transposition of Great Arteries c. Uni Ventricular Heart - Acynotic a. Atrial Septal Defect b. Ventricular Septal Defect c. Patient Ductus Arteriosus d. Aortic Valvular Stenosis e. Mitral Valve Stenosis f. Pulmonary Stenosis g. Coarctation of Aorta Congenital Heart Disease is a structural malformation of heart or great vessels present at birth not necessarily detected at birth. Abnormalities in the heart and great vessels at birth maybe due to intrauterine development errors or to the failure of the heart and blood vessels to adapt to the extra uterine life (involution). Possible causes: :: Fetal and maternal infection occurring during first trimester (primarily rubella) :: Effects of drugs (lithium) and alcohol :: Maternal dietary deficiencies :: Genetic factors (trisomies) :: Maternal age greater than 40yrs :: Maternal insulin dependent diabetes :: Frequently associated with other congenital defects TYPES: Acyanotic Heart Disease Acyanotic Congenital heart disease: Bluish discoloration of the skin is usually absent.

40. All Animal Veterinary Hospital, VetTalk - Canine Heart Failure All Animal Veterinary Hospital, VetTalk With Dr. Paul Weiseth about Canine Heart Failure mitral valve disease. All Animal Veterinary http://www.allanimal.com/hospital/info/vettalk/dogs/vt_dogs_heart_failure_mvd.ht

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