1. Mitral Valve Dysplasia What is mitral valve disease? The heart consists of 4 chambers 2 atria and 2 ventricles. How is mitral valve disease inherited? http://www.upei.ca/~cidd/Diseases/cardiovascular diseases/mitral valve dysplasia

related terms: mitral valve disorder, mitral valve malformation, mitral dysplasia, mitral systolic murmur What is mitral valve disease? The heart consists of 4 chambers - 2 atria and 2 ventricles. The atrioventricular (AV) valves ensure that the blood flows from the atria to the ventricles when the heart beats. A defect in the mitral valve (the left atrioventricular valve) causes backflow of blood into the left atrium, or mitral regurgitation. Less commonly, a narrowing or stenosis of the valve can be identified. Because of the leaky valve, the heart is less efficient at pumping blood to the body. Mitral valve insufficiency is the most common acquired cardiac disease in older dogs, affecting over one third of dogs greater than 10 years of age. In some breeds however, mitral insufficiency develops at a much younger age, due to an inherited predisposition for this disorder. In some breeds, abnormal development (dysplasia) of the valve has been identified in the embryo. How is mitral valve disease inherited? Although the pattern of inheritance has not been identified, it is agreed that there is a genetic basis for the early development of mitral valve disease.

2. Pediatric Cardiology: Mitral Valve Disease mitral valve disease. Chest Radiograph Mitral stenosis, child. Mitral stenosis, child, barium swallow. Diagrams Mitral Valve Prolapse. Auscultation areas. Cardiac cycle. Echocardiogram (video) Normal heart, aortic arch Left ventricle, normal, systole (pssa) Mitral valve, normal (pssa) Parasternal long axis http://www.kumc.edu/kumcpeds/cardiology/mitralvalvedfct.html

Mitral Valve Disease Chest Radiograph: Mitral stenosis, child Mitral stenosis, child, barium swallow Diagrams: Mitral Valve Prolapse Auscultation areas Cardiac cycle Echocardiogram (video): Normal heart, aortic arch Normal heart, branch pulmonary arteries Normal heart, long axis, (with labeled frame) Normal heart, long axis #2 ... Parachute mitral valve Echocardiogram (still frame): M-mode, left ventricle, normal M-mode values 4 chamber view, normal (4c) 4 chamber view 1, normal (4c invert) ... Echo diagram, suprasternal notch Electrocardiogram: Mitral regurgitation, adolescent Normal, #1, child Normal, #2, child ECG 12 lead interval diagram ... Return to the defect index page

3. MITRAL VALVE DISEASE AND HEART FAILURE IN DOGS mitral valve disease AND HEART FAILURE IN DOGS. What is the mitral valve? The heart has four chambers. The upper chambers are called atria (singular atrium), and the lower chambers are called ventricles. How common is mitral valve disease? This is the most common cause of heart failure in small dogs http://www.pethealthcare.net/html/body_mitral_valve_disease_and_heart.html

MITRAL VALVE DISEASE AND HEART FAILURE IN DOGS What is the mitral valve? The heart has four chambers. The upper chambers are called atria (singular: atrium), and the lower chambers are called ventricles. The heart is also divided into right and left sides. Blood flows from the body into the right atrium. It is stored there briefly then pumped into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps blood into the lungs where it receives oxygen. It flows from the lungs into the left atrium where it is held a few seconds before going into the left ventricle. The left ventricle is surrounded by the largest and strongest of the heart muscles. This large muscle is necessary to pump blood to all parts of the body. Each side of the heart has a valve to keep blood from going backward from the ventricles to the atria. The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is called the mitral valve. Because of the very large pressure created when the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve wears out in many dogs. This wearing out process begins with a small leak that gradually gets more severe. How common is mitral valve disease?

4. CTSN--Mitral Valve Disease Ischemic mitral valve disease. 1. myocardial ischemia from coronary artery disease affects mitral valve function in many http://www.ctsnet.org/doc/5965

Back to CTSN Home Page Last revised 07/08/2000 http://www.ctsnet.org/residents/ctsn/ Comments to John Doty Last revised Sep-21-2001 Revised by Stephen H. McKellar

5. Mitral Valve Disease Article on dog health and mitral valve disease mitral valve disease. What is mitral valve disease (MVD)? The heart consists of 4 chambers, 2 atria and a dog might have mitral valve disease is http://www.rhiannon-cavaliers.com/mvd.htm

Home E-Mail News Web ... Contact Cavaliers Mitral Valve Disease What is Mitral Valve Disease (MVD)? The heart consists of 4 chambers, 2 atria and 2 ventricles, with the atrioventricular valves ensuring that blood flows from the atria to the ventricles when the heart is beating. A defect or weakness in the mitral valve or the left atrioventricular valve allows some blood to move back into the left atrium, known as mitral regurgitation. This means the heart is less efficient at pumping blood through the body. Mitral valve insuffiency is the most common of the acquired cardiac disesase in older dogs, affecting over 1/3 of dogs older than 10 years. However, in certain breeds, mitral valve insufficiency develops at a younger age, due to an inherited predisposition for the disorder. Some of the breeds affected with a higher incidence of this condition are the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Cairn Terrier, all 3 sizes of Poodles, Bull Terrier, Miniature Pinschers, Whippets, Chihuahua, Pekinese, Dachshund, Beagle, Papillion, Dobermans, Great Dane and German Shepherd. In general, the smaller breeds are most often affected. What does it really mean?

6. Mitral Valve Disease Text mitral valve disease. View TSDA Curriculum Online for this topic. 1. Surgical Anatomy of the Mitral Valve. Leaflet. Anterior leaflet inserts on about 1.3 of the annulus. Posterior leaflet inserts into about 2/3 of the annulus Ischemic mitral valve disease. 1. myocardial ischemia from coronary artery disease affects mitral valve function in http://www.ctsnet.org/doc/4470

Mitral Valve Disease View TSDA Curriculum Online for this topic 1. Surgical Anatomy of the Mitral Valve Leaflet Anterior leaflet inserts on about 1.3 of the annulus Posterior leaflet inserts into about 2/3 of the annulus Posterior leaflet area is significantly larger than anterior leaflet area The combined leaflet area is twice the mitral orifice Chordae Primary attachment to free margin Papillary Muscles Anterolateral and posteromedial supplying both leaflets 2. Mitral Stenosis Etiology Rheumatic History Dyspnea, fatigue, palpitations, hemoptysis Physical exam Loud 1st heart sound, diastolic, rumble, opening snap Chest X-Ray Left atrial and right ventricular enlargement 3. Cardiac Catheterization Mitral valve area = diastolic flow ÷ %pressure gradient (Gorlin formula) Normal Mitral valve area 4.0-5.0 cm Symptomatic mitral stenosis 1.4-2.5 cm Critical mitral stenosis <1.0 cm [link to video clips for Congenital Stenosis, Rheumatic x 3 and Ruptured Chordae] 4. Natural History Mitral Stenosis Continuous progressive, life-long disease Slow, stable early course, latent period of 20-40 years from Rheumatic fever to onset of sypmtoms

7. Mitral Valve Disease mitral valve disease (Mitral Valve Regurgitation) by Jennie Bullock. There are many diseases which affect the mitral valve and its supporting structures. http://www.barkbytes.com/medical/med0045.htm

Mitral Valve Disease (Mitral Valve Regurgitation) by Jennie Bullock There are many diseases which affect the mitral valve and its supporting structures. The most common disorder of the mitral valve is the partial backflow (regurgitation) of blood through the valve. Regurgitation is usually the result of valvular degeneration, which occurs most often in older members of the smaller dog breeds. In valvular degeneration, the leaflets or cusps which make up the valve, may have contracted and curled back on themselves. This allows the valve to leak. Valvular degeneration can also be a secondary result of an infection of the valve (endocarditis), or as a congenital (present at birth) malformation of the valve. With mitral regurgitation the blood backflows (leaks) from the left ventricle into the left atrium of the heart. This regurgitation frequently occurs which such velocity that it produces a turbulence. This turbulence can usually be detected as a systolic murmur, heard between the first and second heart sounds. As a result of mitral regurgitation the excess blood accumulates in the left atrium causing it to enlarge. The enlargement of the left atrium can lead to enlargement of the left ventricle. The amount of regurgitation is directly correlated with the size of the left atrium and ventricle.

8. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 16, Ch. 207, Valvular Heart Disease General mitral valve disease. Aortic Valve Disease. Tricuspid Valve Disease. mitral valve disease. MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section16/chapter207/207b.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 16. Cardiovascular Disorders Chapter 207. Valvular Heart Disease Topics [General] Mitral Valve Disease Aortic Valve Disease Tricuspid Valve Disease Mitral Valve Disease MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE A bulging of one or both mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during systole, commonly producing a crisp systolic sound or click and a delayed or late systolic mitral regurgitation murmur. Primary mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is associated with dilation of the mitral annulus, abnormal chordal insertions, and myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve, resulting in redundant mitral leaflet tissue and elongated chordae. Complete myxomatous degeneration of the valve can lead to severe mitral regurgitation (MR), or floppy valve syndrome. The tricuspid or aortic valve can also show myxomatous changes and produce tricuspid or aortic valve prolapse. MVP is occasionally familial with autosomal dominant inheritance. Prevalence varies between 1 and 6% in otherwise normal populations. It is higher in persons with Graves' disease, hypomastia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, sickle cell disease, atrial septal defect, Marfan's syndrome, and rheumatic heart disease. About 25% of patients have joint laxity, a high-arched palate, or other skeletal abnormalities (eg, scoliosis, funnel chest, straight back). Carnitine and Mg deficiencies have been suggested as etiologic factors; subnormal mean lymphocyte and RBC Mg levels have been reported in patients with MVP.

9. MedlinePlus: Heart Valve Diseases mitral valve disease (American Heart Association) Links to PDF File; Mitral Valve Regurgitation (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research); http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/heartvalvediseases.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Heart Valve Diseases Contents of this page: General/Overviews Diagnosis/Symptoms Rehabilitation Treatment ... Information from the Medical Encyclopedia Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Heart Valve Diseases: Heart Valve Diseases Heart Valve Replacement You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Mitral Valve Prolapse Heart and Circulation General/Overviews Heart Valve Disorders Heart Valves (American Heart Association) Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Aortic Valve Stenosis (National Institutes of Health) ClinicalTrials.gov: Heart Valve Diseases (National Institutes of Health) Diagnosis/Symptoms Chest X-Rays: Helping Detect Heart and Lung Conditions (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Echocardiogram (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - RealPlayer plug-in is required to view video files MR Angiography (MRA) (American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) Tests to Diagnose Heart Disease (American Heart Association) Rehabilitation What to Expect after Your Heart Surgery (Society of Thoracic Surgeons) Specific Conditions/Aspects Aortic Regurgitation (American Heart Association) Aortic Valve Calcification (Aortic Valve Sclerosis) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Aortic Valve Stenosis (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Dental Care and Heart Disease (American Heart Association)

10. Mitral Valve Disease : Symptoms, Risk Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis, Therapy, F Learn more about the symptoms, risk factors, prevention, diagnosis, therapy, FAQs, web sites and related literature for mitral valve disease. http://www.sjm.com/conditions/condition.aspx?name=Mitral Valve Disease

11. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club Of Canada Health Article mitral valve disease. Currently the most serious problem facing Cavlier breeders today is mitral valve disease. It is estimated that this may affect as much as 50% of the dogs in the breed in North http://www.io.com/~bcrider/cavalier/health_mvd.html

Mitral Valve Disease Currently the most serious problem facing Cavlier breeders today is Mitral Valve Disease. It is estimated that this may affect as much as 50% of the dogs in the breed in North America at this point. MVD leads in many cases to premature death or compromised quality of live and occurs in Cavaliers at a rate unknown in any other breed in the world. Dr. Mike O'Grady, cardiologist affiliated with the Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada has been collecting data since 1993. You should quiz the breeder about the steps they are taking to avoid MVD in their lines. Remember that this is a relatively new problem to be recognized in the breed and no firm or consistent policies have been set as data is still being collected. It appears that color doppler ultrasound exams are the best for picking up evidence of MVD, but auscultation exams are also often done. In addition, the evidence appears to be mouinting that puppies bred from parents who show clear of MVD at older ages (3-5 years) are more likely to be clear themselves or to develop the less virulent form of MVD. Request to SEE the documentation for the dam. You should also be able to see copies for the stud dog even if it doesn't live with the breeder.

12. Mitral Valve Disease : Symptoms : St. Jude Medical Home Conditions mitral valve disease Symptoms, Symptoms. mitral valve disease. Valve disease may have mild, moderate, or severe symptoms. http://www.sjm.com/conditions/condition.aspx?name=Mitral Valve Disease§ion=S

13. YourHeart | Patient Information | Anatomy/Treatment | Mitral Valve Disease You are here Home Patient Information Anatomy / treatment mitral valve disease. mitral valve disease. Where is the Mitral Valve? http://www.yourheart.org.uk/mitral.php

Search for Home About Patient Information Discussion Forum ... Sitemap Anatomy / Treatment Heart CHD / Angina Myocardial Infarction Iscaemic Heart Disease ... Aortic Valve Disease Mitral Valve Disease Pulmonary Valve Disease Tricuspid Valve Disease Endocarditis Pericarditis ... Useful Organisations You are here: Home Patient Information Anatomy / treatment Mitral Valve Disease Where is the Mitral Valve? The mitral or bicuspid valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle and consists of two leaflets or cusps. The valve may become damaged or diseased causing stenosis and/or regurgitation of the valve. Both of these complications may prevent the valve from functioning correctly. What is Mitral Stenosis? The mitral valve may become narrowed or 'stenotic' causing the valve not to open fully. This will obstruct the forward flow of blood into the left ventricle from the left atrium. What are the causes of Mitral Stenosis? Mitral stenosis is nearly always a consequence of: Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease Calcification of the valve - this can occur with an increase in age Both of these cause the valve leaflets and the support mechanisms (chordae tendineae) holding it in position to thicken and become rigid. This prevents the leaflets from opening properly and the free flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

14. YourHeart | Patient Information | Anatomy/Treatment | Mitral Valve Disease How is mitral valve disease Diagnosed? What Treatment is available for mitral valve disease? Both medical and surgical treatment may be necessary. http://www.yourheart.org.uk/mitral02.php

Search for Home About Patient Information Discussion Forum ... Sitemap Anatomy / Treatment Heart CHD / Angina Myocardial Infarction Iscaemic Heart Disease ... Aortic Valve Disease Mitral Valve Disease Pulmonary Valve Disease Tricuspid Valve Disease Endocarditis Pericarditis ... Useful Organisations You are here: Home Patient Information Anatomy / treatment How is Mitral Valve Disease Diagnosed? Listening through a stethoscope - When blood passes through a narrowed or leaky valve, the resulting noise is a heart murmur that can be heard through a stethoscope when placed on the chest. An electrocardiogram (ECG) will identify atrial fibrillation. An echocardiography (Echo) confirms severity of regurgitation and left atrium enlargement. It may yield additional information as to the cause of the disease. Chest X ray will show enlargement of the atrium caused by its thickening and dilatation and evidence of pulmonary congestion. Cardiac catheterisation (angiogram) can detect mitral regurgitation and stenosis. However it is generally performed to detect any co-existing coronary disease that may be evident by any symptoms of angina. What Treatment is available for Mitral Valve Disease?

15. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 16, Ch. 207, Valvular Heart Disease General. mitral valve disease. Aortic Valve Disease. Tricuspid Valve Disease. click here for navigation help. mitral valve disease. MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section16/chapter207/207b.jsp

16. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 16, Ch. 207, Valvular Heart Disease Topics. General. mitral valve disease. Aortic Valve Disease. Tricuspid Valve Disease. click here for navigation help. Tricuspid Valve Disease. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section16/chapter207/207d.jsp

17. CCHS Clinical Digital Library Patient/Family Resources by Topic Cardiovascular Disorders. mitral valve disease Patient/Family Resources. http://cchs-dl.slis.ua.edu/patientinfo/cardiology/valvular/mvp.html

Patient/Family Resources by Topic: Cardiovascular Disorders Mitral Valve Disease Patient/Family Resources Spanish Miscellaneous See also: General Cardiovascular Disorders Patient/Family Resources Mitral Valve Disease Clinical Resources MD Consult: Homepage Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Patient Handouts Table of content Mitral Valve Stenosis: English Spanish Image Mitral Valve Prolapse: English Spanish Image Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 15th Ed.-2001: Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Patient Notes Related to Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 15th Edition: Table of contents Mitral Valve Prolapse: Access document American Heart Association: Homepage Heart and Stroke A-Z Guide: Table of contents Mitral Valve and Mitral Valve Prolapse: Access document National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: Homepage Cardiovascular Information for Patients and the General Public: List of documents Other Cardiovascular Information for Patients/General Public: List of documents Facts About Mitral-Valve Prolapse: Access document American Academy of Family Physicians (familydoctor.org):

18. CCHS Clinical Digital Library mitral valve disease Clinical Resources. General Access document; mitral valve disease Access document. Family Practice Handbook 4th Ed.2001 Table of contents http://cchs-dl.slis.ua.edu/clinical/cardiology/valvular/valve.html

Clinical Resources by Topic: Cardiovascular Disorders Mitral Valve Disease Clinical Resources Emergency Pediatrics Geriatrics Radiology ... Miscellaneous Resources See also: Congenital Heart Disease Clinical Resources Cardiovascular Clinical Procedure Resources General Cardiovascular Disorders Clinical Resources Mitral Valve Disease Patient/Family Resources Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 15th Ed.-2001: Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Chapter 236: Valvular Heart Disease: Table of contents Introduction Access document Mitral Stenosis: Access document Introduction: Access document Etiology and Pathology: Access document Pathophysiology: Access document Symptoms and Complications: Access document Physical Findings: Access document Laboratory Examination: Access document Differential Diagnosis: Access document Cardiac Catheterization and Angiocardiography: Access document Treatment: Access document Mitral Regurgitation: Access document Introduction: Access document Etiology: Access document Pathophysiology: Access document Symptoms: Access document Physical Findings: Access document Laboratory Examination: Access document Treatment: Access document Mitral Valve Prolapse: Access document Introduction: Access document Clinical Features: Access document Laboratory Examination: Access document Treatment: Access document Valve Replacement: Access document Braunwald-Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine 6th Ed.-2001 (MD Consult):

19. Introduction: Mitral Valve Disease - WrongDiagnosis.com Introduction to mitral valve disease as a medical condition including symptoms, diagnosis, misdiagnosis, treatment, prevention, and prognosis. http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/m/mitral_valve_disease/intro.htm

Diseases IMPORTANT! Use of this site is subject to our and Home Symptoms Diseases Risks Search: We show you all these ads in order to provide this free site; give your feedback WrongDiagnosis TM Premium Report: Diabetes Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis Available Now! Condition Lists By Organ By Symptom By Class By Prevalence ... List A-Z Current chapter: Mitral valve disease Next sections Basic Summary for Mitral valve disease Types of Mitral valve disease Causes of Mitral valve disease Diagnostic Tests for Mitral valve disease ... Misdiagnosis of Underlying Causes of Mitral valve disease Next chapters: Myocarditis Palpitations Pericarditis Pulmonary incompetence ... Feedback Introduction: Mitral valve disease Mitral valve disease: Any disease of the heart's mitral valve. Conditions list: The list of conditions in the Mitral valve disease group includes: Mitral-valve prolapse Mitral regurgitation Mitral stenosis Contents for Mitral valve disease: Basic Summary for Mitral valve disease Types of Mitral valve disease Causes of Mitral valve disease Diagnostic Tests for Mitral valve disease ... Misdiagnosis of Underlying Causes of Mitral valve disease Last revision: June 3, 2003

20. Valve Disease: Mitral Valve Prolapse Sources Alpert J, Sabek J, Cosgrove D. (1998) mitral valve disease, mitral valve disease, In Topol E. (Ed.), Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine (pp.503532). http://www.clevelandclinic.org/heartcenter/pub/guide/disease/valve/mitralvalvepr

Heart Guide Vascular Guide History of Innovations About Us ... Dictionary Treating the Heart, Blood Vessels and Circulation Mitral valve prolapse (also called MVP, floppy valve syndrome, Barlow’s syndrome, click-murmur syndrome) Click here to learn about: What is MVP? What are the symptoms? How is MVP diagnosed? How is it treated? ... How to find a doctor if you have MVP? For more information on valve disease and its treatment, see Valve Disease normal mitral valve mitral valve prolapse What is mitral valve prolapse? Mitral valve prolapse is a type of myxomatous valve disease . The tissue of the mitral valve leaflets and chordae are abnormally stretchy, so that as the heart beats, the mitral valve bows or flops back into the left atrium. Those with mitral valve prolapse may not have any regurgitation (leaky valve) or they may have a range of severity from a mild leak to a very floppy, leaky valve. The majority of people have no leak or a mild leak. In this case, MVP is not a cause for concern.

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