101. Virtual Hospital: Department Of Urology: What Are Kidney Stones For Patients. kidney stones What They Are. Department kidney stonesare a major health problem, affecting 23% of all Americans. Men http://www.vh.org/adult/patient/urology/whatarekidneystones/

For Patients Kidney Stones: What They Are Department of Urology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics First Published: January 2004 Last Revised: January 2004 Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Kidney stones are a major health problem, affecting 2-3% of all Americans. Men are affected three times as often as women, and most frequent stone formers have their first stone in their 20s. Kidney stones are more common during hot weather, but can occur at any time of the year. A kidney stone is a collection of mineral salts and protein that collect to form a solid crystalline mass. They can start as tiny stones that pass in the urine unnoticed, or they may grow to a size that cannot be passed and become symptomatic. Most kidney stones are composed of calcium-containing crystals, but some are due to metabolic disturbances or chronic urinary tract infections. If a stone grows large enough it can get caught in the kidney or the ureter (the tube that drains the kidney into the bladder). Once it gets caught, the stone may partially or completely block the flow of urine. This blockage causes pain that is usually felt in the middle of the back or side and may radiate toward the groin. Sometimes the pain can be so severe as to cause nausea and vomiting. Fevers and chills may accompany a stone that is associated with infection. If a stone that is blocking urine flow is left untreated it can cause damage to the kidney or ureter. If your symptoms sound like you may have a stone your doctor may perform a full history and physical examination, check laboratory tests on your blood and urine, and order x-rays. The x-ray tests often include a plain film and/or CT scan of your abdomen. Other tests that may be considered include intravenous pyelography (IVP) or an ultrasound of your kidneys to detect blockage.

102. Patient Info: Kidney Stones kidney stones are...... kidney stones URETEROSCOPY (URS) PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY (PCNL) EXTRACORPOREALSHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY (ESWL) kidney stones http://www.sls.org/patientinfo/kidneystones.html

Patient Information: Minimally Invasive Therapies for Kidney Stone Disease Contributed by: Elspeth McDougall, MD, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, TN) Chair, SLS Urology Committee Reviewed by: Marelyn Medina, MD, Edinburgh Regional Medical Center (McAllen, TX) KIDNEY STONES URETEROSCOPY (URS) PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY (PCNL EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY (ESWL) KIDNEY STONES Description: Kidney stones are stones that form in the kidney. Frequent Signs and Symptoms: Severe back pain or abdominal pain, blood in the urine or frequent urinary infections are all signs of kidney stones. Causes: Kidney stones are caused by a blockage of the flow of urine from the kidney. Risk Increase: Not drinking enough water and eating too much salt and red meats in the diet can increase the risk of getting kidney stones. A family history of kidney stones is also a risk factor. Preventative Measures: Drinking at least two quarts of water a day and reducing salt intake may help prevent the formation of kidney stones.

103. Kidney Stones kidney stones. What is a kidney stone? However, there are a variety of factorsthat increase a person s likelihood for kidney stones, including http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/0000/0046.asp?index=4349

104. Ask NOAH About: Kidney And Urologic Diseases also in Spanish) Kidney Failure Merck Manual Home Editon Kidney Failure - JAMAPatient Pages Kidney Infections (See Pyelonephritis) kidney stones How Kidney http://www.noah-health.org/english/illness/gastro/kidney.html

Ask NOAH About: Kidney and Urologic Diseases What are Kidney and Urologic Diseases? Care and Treatment The Basics Diagnosis and Symptoms Causes and Risk Factors ... Information Resources What are Kidney and Urologic Diseases? The Basics Blood Vessel Disorders of the Kidneys Important Facts About Proteinuria and Kidney Disease - National Kidney Foundation Injury to the Urinary Tract - Merck Manual, 2nd Home Edition Kidney Disease: Ten Facts - National Kidney Foundation ... Your Kidney: Ten Tips on How to Keep Your Body Healthy - National Kidney Foundation Anatomy Biology of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract - Merck Manual 2nd Home Edition Test Your Kidney IQ - American Kidney Fund The Kidneys and the Urinary Tract - Kidshealth ... Your Kidneys - Kidney Foundation of Canada (also in French Your Kidneys: Master Chemists of the Human Body - National Kidney Foundation PDF File of 12 Pages) Your Kidneys: Ten Tips on how They Keep Your Body Healthy - National Kidney Foundation Your Kidneys and How They Work - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (also in Spanish Your Urinary System and How it Works - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases What Kids Need to Know About Kidneys - Kidshealth Glossaries Glossary of Urological Conditions - American Urological Association Kidney Diseases Dictionary - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Urologic Diseases Dictionary - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Single Kidney

105. Consumer Information - Kidney Stones kidney stones (although oftentimes present without causing symptoms) can causeone of the most severe types of pain known to man. WHAT ARE THEY? http://www.urosoc.org.au/info/kidneystones.html

Kidney stones (although oftentimes present without causing symptoms) can cause one of the most severe types of pain known to man. WHAT ARE THEY? Also known as calculi, these kidney (or renal) stones are exactly as the name implies - 'stones' that are situated either in the kidney or in the tube that leads from the kidney to the bladder (the ureter). They can be single or multiple and can range in size from millimeters to several centimeters. WHO IS AT RISK OF GETTING STONES? Any person of any age can get kidney stones. However, especially at risk are middle aged men (men outnumbering women 3:1) with ages 30-50 most often affected. People with a family history of kidney stones and those with a high fat, salt, and protein / low fibre diet are especially at further risk. People of European descent living in hot climates (such as Australia) are also particularly at risk. HOW DO THESE STONES FORM? The kidneys act as the body's filtering system. By processing our circulating blood they absorb the good chemicals(or minerals) and eliminate the unwanted chemicals in our urine. If certain chemicals (or minerals),such as calcium, buildup in the kidneys or in the urine they can form a stone. These minerals may build up for a variety of reasons- including excess amounts of them in the diet or lack of volume of urine (found in patients who do not drink enough fluids).

106. Kidney Stones, Diagnosis And Treatment kidney stones. An introduction to kidney stones. kidney stones areamong the most painful disorders to afflict humans. Fortunately http://www.marinurology.com/articles/calculi/stone-intro.htm

Patient Information Publications Kidney Stones: Introduction Types of stones and their causes Diagnosis and initial treatment Minimally invasive stone treatment Diet and prevention ... Comment on this article Kidney stones An introduction to kidney stones Kidney stones are among the most painful disorders to afflict humans. Fortunately, modern techniques for pain management and stone treatment and prevention are very effective. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without any intervention by a physician. Cases that cause lasting symptoms or other complications may be treated by various techniques, including extra-corporeal shock wve lithotripsy, laser destruction of the stone with ureteroscopy and percutaneous destruction of large kidney stones. Research advances also have led to a better understanding of the many factors that promote stone formation. In many cases changes in the diet can decisively prevent recurrences. Basic anatomy of the urinary tract The urinary tract, or system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located below the ribs toward the middle of the back. The kidneys remove extra water and wastes from the blood, converting it to urine. They also keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood. The kidneys produce hormones that help build strong bones and help form red blood cells.

107. Kidney Stones And Diet Diet and kidney stones. Changing your diet can dramatically reduce yourrisk of making more kidney stones. We recommend that patients http://www.marinurology.com/articles/calculi/dietary.htm

Patient Information Publications Kidney Stones: Introduction Types of stones and their causes ... Minimally invasive stone treatment Diet and prevention High oxalate foods Calcium rich foods Purine rich foods High acid ash foods ... Comment on this article Diet and Kidney Stones Changing your diet can dramatically reduce your risk of making more kidney stones. We recommend that patients perform a 24 hour urine collection to measure urinary minerals. Sometimes we uncover important metabolic abnormalities. Most commonly, however, a diet too rich in oxalate or purine and too poor in water or citrate is the culprit. Have a look at the lists of mineral concentrations in common foods. Maybe your last stone could have been avoided by eating less spinach or fewer peanuts. Athletic and chronically dehydrated patients are common in our practice. We tell them to carry water, especially in Marin's semi-arid summer environment. The issue is not how much you drink, but the amount left over for urine after you sweat. Our endurance athletes who start drinking a quart per hour of exercise report improved exercise tolerance despite carrying the extra weight. Calcium restriction is only occasionally appropriate and only after testing demonstrates that urinary calcium concentrations fall to normal levels on a restricted diet. Calcium supplements rarely lead to stone formation.

108. REDIRECT-News Article Four From Front Page Timothy Gower Healthy Man Diet may be best defense against kidney stonesThe tiny crystals can cause sudden, sharp pain. But cutting http://www.endo-society.org/news_article_four_redirect.cfm

109. Emory Healthcare: Kidney Stones Renal Calculi (kidney stones). kidney stones are a tremendous source of pain. Kidneystones are one of the more common disorders of the urinary tract. http://www.emoryhealthcare.org/departments/urology/sub_menu/kidney_stones.html

Making People Healthy Home Find a Physician Departments Facilities ... Ways to Give Search: Patient/Visitor Guide Oncology [cancer] Continence And Female Urology Men's Health ... CLICK HERE to speak with an Emory nurse "U.S." News Ranks Emory University Hospital Among Nation's Best Hospitals In Seven Specialties Click Here for More.... Urology The Emory Department of Urology wants to provide excellent, innovative medical and surgical care in the context of superb research and education printer-friendly version Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones) Kidney stones are a tremendous source of pain. Some patients claim that the pain is worse than childbirth. If kidney stones are left untreated, may lead to infections, kidney damage, and even death. Kidney stones are one of the more common disorders of the urinary tract. Kidney stones affect about 2 of every 1,000 Americans each year. Approximately one-half million stones are reported annually in the United States. About 12% of men and 5% of women will have a kidney stone by age 70 years old, though most people are between 20 and 40 years old when they have their first kidney stone. Kidney stones can be as small as grains of sand or as large as golf balls. They may be painless while they stay in the kidneys, but often cause severe pain when they from the kidneys to the bladder.

110. Kidney Stones kidney stones. Q I’ve heard that kidney stones are possibly the most painfulcondition a man can endure. Can you offer any information about prevention? http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/901290486.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Kidneys By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Kidney Stones Q: I’ve heard that kidney stones are possibly the most painful condition a man can endure. Can you offer any information about prevention? A: The painful experience of a kidney stone is often said to be the male equivalent of childbirth. As luck would have it, men are also five times more likely than women to have a kidney stone. Kidney stones form when the solute load of a certain chemical, most often calcium, results in precipitation and stone formation. Its the same principle as seen should you put too much sugar in your glass of iced tea with the excess floating to the bottom of the glass. Risk factors for kidney stones include; gout, low urine volume, chronic dehydration or infection, excessive milk or vitamin D intake, and excessive calcium intake to name a few. The pain of a kidney stone is caused by rhythmic and forceful contractions of the ureters (tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder), in an attempt to eliminate the stone. If successful, the stone will drop into the bladder and pass with normal voiding. Occasionally, surgical removal is necessary. More than one episode requires analysis of the stone to determine its chemical composition for the prevention of future events. Kidney stones are best prevented by treating the underlying condition or disease process. It is also reasonable to maintain good fluid intake and as a result maintaining dilute urine.

111. BrookLine Herbs There are natural approaches for people who have kidney stones. Our Natural Kit.This site offers new information on alternative medicine for kidney stones. http://kidneystonepage.com/

Please Login Username: Password: Home About Us Our Products Contact Us ... KJP Studios T HE K IDNEY S TONE P AGE There are natural approaches for people who have kidney stones. This site is for the millions who already have had a kidney stone and especially for those who will have their first incident this year, more than half a million people in the U.S. and some ten million worldwide. Passing your first kidney stone gives a whole new meaning to the phrase "rude awakening" doesn't it? You may browse the KIDNEY STONE PAGE site by clicking on the items in the directory on the left. This site can tell you much of what you need to know if you have general questions about kidney stones. We have included info on cutting-edge technology and research links as well as on natural healing traditions and herbal approaches to stone formation. The language you will find here is mostly non-technical and user-friendly. If you really want the hard reading, we have provided lots of links to original research sources. Be sure to register your stone in our database.... no, we're not kidding.

112. Treatment Of Kidney Stones, Mayo Clinic In Rochester, Minn. Treatment of kidney stones at Mayo Clinic in Rochester. kidney stonesmay be as small as a grain of sand or larger than a golf ball. http://www.mayoclinic.org/kidneystones-rst/

Home About Mayo Clinic Contact Us Mayo Clinic Locations: Arizona Florida Minnesota Mayo Clinic ... Medical Services Kidney Stones Kidney Stones Treatment Symptoms and Diagnosis Prevention Appointments ... Medical Services Treatment of Kidney Stones at Mayo Clinic in Rochester (Synonyms: renal calculus, renal stone, ureteral calculi or stone, bladder calculi, urethral stone) Kidney stones (renal lithiasis) is a fairly common disorder with more than one million cases reported each year in the United States. Your chances of developing at least one kidney stone in your lifetime are one in 10. When high concentrations of minerals and other chemicals build up on the inner surface of the kidney, crystals, and eventually kidney stones (calculi), are formed. Kidney stones may be as small as a grain of sand or larger than a golf ball. They may be smooth, round, irregularly shaped, jagged or spiky, depending on their composition. While kidney stones can be extremely painful, not all kidney stones cause symptoms. In fact, it's not unusual for stones to be discovered in the kidneys during medical tests for an unrelated problem. It's only when a stone breaks loose and begins to work its way down the ureter (the tube that drains urine from the kidney to the bladder) that the pain becomes agonizing. Treatment Options Waiting and watching In about 85 percent of cases, kidney stones are small enough to pass during normal urination, usually within 72 hours. The best treatment for these stones is to drink plenty of water (as much as two to three quarts a day), stay physically active and wait. Urologists may prescribe painkillers to help with the pain associated with passing a stone.

113. Treatment Of Kidney Stones At Mayo Clinic In Jacksonville Treatment of kidney stones at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville. (SynonymsRenal lithiasis). kidney stones Prevention of kidney stones. If you http://www.mayoclinic.org/kidneystones-jax/

Home About Mayo Clinic Contact Us Mayo Clinic Locations: Arizona Florida Minnesota Mayo Clinic ... Medical Services Kidney Stones Kidney Stones Treatment Symptoms and Diagnosis Appointments Clinical Trials ... Medical Services Treatment of Kidney Stones at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville (Synonyms: Renal lithiasis) Kidney stones (renal lithiasis) are fairly common. More than one million cases are reported each year in the United States. Your chance of developing at least one kidney stone in your lifetime are one in five if you are a man; one in 10 if you are a woman. The odds are even greater if you live in the stone belt, which runs across the Southeast. When high concentrations of minerals and other chemicals build up on the inner surface of the kidney, crystals, and eventually kidney stones, are formed. Kidney stones may be as small as a grain of sand or larger than a golf ball. They may be smooth, round, irregularly shaped, jagged or spiky, depending on their composition. While kidney stones can be extremely painful, not all kidney stones cause symptoms. In fact, it's not unusual for stones to be discovered in the kidneys during medical tests for an unrelated problem. It's only when a stone breaks loose and begins to work its way down the ureter (the tube that drains urine from the kidney to the bladder) that the pain can become agonizing. Waiting and watching In about 85 percent of cases, kidney stones are small enough to pass during normal urination, usually within 72 hours. The best treatment for these stones is to drink plenty of water (as much as two to three quarts a day), stay physically active and wait. Urologists may prescribe painkillers to help with the pain associated with passing a stone.

114. Go Ask Alice!: Kidney Stones Colds, aches, pains, and other ailments. kidney stones. Originally Published April21, 1995. Printer Friendly Version. Alice, I think I am passing kidney stones. http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/0617.html

Mac users: please note that our site is optimized for the Safari browser Colds, aches, pains, and other ailments Kidney stones Originally Published: April 21, 1995 Alice, I think I am passing Kidney Stones. I have a lot of left sided pain, that are a lot like labor pains (in their timing/frequency). I have been to the hospital twice, they have ruled out UTI or anything else. They sent me home with a strainer, told me to strain my urine, and bring any hard objects to my physician. But, I have having trouble identifying them. WHAT DO KIDNEY STONES LOOK LIKE, AND HOW BIG ARE THEY Pebbles or avalanche? Dear Pebbles or avalanche, It is unlikely that you will have a myriad of hard objects in your urine, from which you will have to identify the kidney stones. Kidney stones appear as little pebbles in their smallest form of 0.2 inches (5 mm) in diameter, and these can be passed relatively easily through the urine. Large stones, when located in the ureter (tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder) or in the junction between the kidney and ureter, need to be surgically removed with general anesthesia, and stones in the lower ureter can be crushed and removed by cystoscopy (putting a viewing machine and crushing device up the urethra into the bladder). Anytime that you arrive home after a doctor's appointment and realize that there is something about your health that you don't understand, you should feel free to call back your doctor and ask questions. That's what providers are trained to do!

115. Go Ask Alice!: More About Kidney Stones Colds, aches, pains, and other ailments. More about kidney stones. OriginallyPublished September 08, 1995. I have had twelve kidney stones since 1990. http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/0679.html

Mac users: please note that our site is optimized for the Safari browser Colds, aches, pains, and other ailments More about Kidney Stones Originally Published: September 08, 1995 Dear Alice, I have had twelve kidney stones since 1990. Every time I pass a stone the doctor tells me to follow a special diet. I follow the diet and still get kidney stones. Do you have any suggestions? Thank you. Signed, In pain Dear In pain, Kidney stones are one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. Men tend to be affected more frequently than women; whites more than blacks; people aged twenty to forty more than those younger or older. Once a person gets more than one stone, he or she is likely to develop others. A kidney stone develops from crystals that separate from urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney. Urine contains chemicals that normally prevent these crystals from forming. These chemicals don't work for everyone, however, and some people form stones. Doctors do not always know what causes a stone a form. While certain foods may promote stone formation in people who are susceptible, researchers do not believe that eating any specific food causes stones to form in people who are not suscept ible. Usually the first symptom of a kidney stone is extreme pain in the kidney area or lower abdomen. The pain often begins suddenly when a stone moves in the urinary tract, causing urination or blockage. Sometimes nausea or vomiting appear with this pain. Later, the pain may move to the groin. As the stone grows or moves, blood may be found in the urine. Other common symptoms include feeling the need to urinate more often or a burning sensation when urinating. Fever and chills accompanying any of these symptoms could signify an infection, and needs a clinician's immediate attention.

116. Minimally Invasive Urologic Surgery At Mount Sinai - Kidney Stones Surgery kidney stones. People with kidney stones often have abdominal or backpain that can either be sharp and severe or dull in nature. http://www.mountsinai.org/msh/clinical_services/mis_uro_kidneystones.htm

The Mount Sinai Hospital The Mount Sinai Medical Center Mount Sinai School of Medicine Abdominal Surgery ... Education and Training Kidney Stones DEFINITION: A kidney stone is a concretion generally ranging in size from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball, produced from the combination of urinary organic matter and mineral deposition. These concretions can grow to a size so large that the passage for urine within the urinary tract is blocked. People with kidney stones often have abdominal or back pain that can either be sharp and severe or dull in nature. Urinary tract infections or blood in the urine can also be present. Kidney stone disease, a painful condition, can usually be easily treated with minimally invasive techniques. To read more about kidney stones

117. B.U. Bridge: Boston University Community's Weekly Newspaper Shocking kidney stones. By Tim Stoddard. Robin Cleveland says. “It scompletely revolutionized the treatment of kidney stones. But http://www.bu.edu/bridge/archive/2004/01-09/shock.html

DON'T MISS Is There an Architecture of the Absurd? A University Professors Seminar lecture by John Silber, January 16, SMG 208, 10 a.m. www.bu.edu/bridge Search the Bridge Mailing List Contact Us Staff Shocking kidney stones By Tim Stoddard Robin Cleveland, an ENG associate professor of aerospace and mechanical engineering, is trying to determine how shock waves break up kidney stones, and the results could lead to a procedure that's kinder to the kidneys. Photo by Kalman Zabarsky Robin Cleveland has never had a kidney stone, but he can sympathize with friends, colleagues, and the 1.3 million Americans who develop the excruciatingly painful stones every year. About 10 percent of Americans will have a kidney stone at some point in their lives, Cleveland says, and in most cases, doctors will use shock waves to slay the demons of the urinary tract. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), as the procedure is known, “works beautifully,” he says. “It's completely revolutionized the treatment of kidney stones. But there are growing concerns that doctors have not given enough attention to the fact that shock waves can do some damage to the tissues around a stone.” With a $210,000 grant from the Whitaker Foundation, Cleveland, an ENG associate professor of aerospace and mechanical engineering, is trying to understand precisely how shock waves break apart kidney stones in ESWL. In the past two decades, physicians and engineers have proposed several mechanisms to explain how lithotripsy works, but “the problem,” he says, “is that nobody's done definitive experiments to show what's dominating the process because we can't see precisely what's happening to the stone inside the body.”

118. Untitled Document Site contains information on urinary malignancies like kidney cancer and bladder cancer; also covers topics like impotence and urinary stones. http://www.sghhealth4u.com.sg/health4u/urology/

119. Kidney Stone Symptoms, Types, Causes And Treatment Discusses how mineral crystals build up to cause kidney stone symptoms and how stones affect the urinary tract. Defines urology. http://www.kidney-stone-symptoms.com

Community Latest News Kidney Stone Symptoms, Types, Causes and Treatment Kidney stones are solid mineral deposits that accumulate in the urinary tract. According to the National Institutes of Health, ten percent of Americans experience kidney stones during their lifetime. Seven to ten hospital admissions out of every thousand are related to kidney stone symptoms. Kidneys and the Urinary Tract The kidneys are twin organs, about the size of your fist. Red-brown in color, they are important parts of the urinary tract. They filter the waste products of metabolism out of the blood, maintain the body's water and electrolyte balance and regulate the concentration of acidity in the blood. Waste products are carried out of the body in urine. Formation Hard masses develop when waste materials are not dissolved adequately in urine. Microscopic crystals of waste material remain in the kidney. Over time, the crystals grow in size, until they are large enough to cause blockages or other kidney stone symptoms. These deposits are also called calculi (plural for calculus The most common elements of calculi are calcium, oxalate, phosphate and uric acid. Stones can develop when excessive amounts of waste material accumulate and cannot be dissolved in the urine. Conversely, calcium and other materials may be present in normal amounts, but the body possesses insufficient water to process enough urine to dissolve them.

120. Treatment For Kidney Stone Disease And Solutions This hightech approach to the treatment of kidney stone disease has becomea standard of care and is revolutionizing the treatment of stones. http://www.surgical.lumenis.com/optimized/treatment-for-kidney-stone-disease.htm

Effective treatment for kidney stone disease has been long sought after, and laser lithotripsy has become the top contender. The procedure uses a flexible laser fiber inserted into an endoscope through the urethra to the stone located in the kidney. When the laser is activated, the laser beam vaporizes the stone. This high-tech approach to the treatment of kidney stone disease has become a standard of care and is revolutionizing the treatment of stones. Minimally invasive laser treatment for kidney stone disease is increasingly replacing the traditional extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) technique where the kidney stone is bombarded by shock waves generated outside the body. For more information, please click here Adult tonsillectomy accuvet skinandhealth ... Podiatry Laser lithotripsy uses a flexible laser fiber inserted into an endoscope through the urethra to the stone located in the bladder, ureter or kidney. When the laser is activated, the laser beam vaporizes the stone. This high-tech approach has become a standard of care and is revolutionizing the treatment of urinary stones. This minimally invasive therapy is increasingly replacing the traditional extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) technique where the stone is bombarded by shock waves generated outside the body. Peer-reviewed articles appearing in well-respected urology and laser journals continue to document the many advantages of laser lithotripsy over ESWL including: Better treatment for more complex stones

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