1. Kidney Stones In Adults Discusses the causes, symptoms, and diagnosis of kidney stones. Reviewsprevention in Adults. kidney stones in Adults. On this page http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/kidney/pubs/stonadul/stonadul.htm

Email To A Friend Also see: What are Kidney Stones? Home : Kidney Stones in Adults Kidney Stones in Adults On this page: Introduction to the Urinary Tract What is a kidney stone? Who gets kidney stones? What causes kidney stones? ... Additional Reading Kidney stones, one of the most painful of the urologic disorders, are not a product of modern life. Scientists have found evidence of kidney stones in a 7,000-year-old Egyptian mummy. Unfortunately, kidney stones are one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract; patients made more than 1.3 million visits to health care providers to have their stones treated in 1997. In 1999, more than a quarter million hospitalized patients had a diagnosis of kidney stones. An estimated 10 percent of people in the United States will have a kidney stone at some point in their lives. Men tend to be affected more frequently than women. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without any intervention by a physician. Stones that cause lasting symptoms or other complications may be treated by various techniques, most of which do not involve major surgery. Also, research advances have led to a better understanding of the many factors that promote stone formation. Top Introduction to the Urinary Tract The urinary tract The urinary tract, or system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located below the ribs toward the middle of the back. The kidneys remove extra water and wastes from the blood, converting it to urine. They also keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood. The kidneys produce hormones that help build strong bones and help form red blood cells.

2. Kidney Stones - Urologychannel kidney stones are stones formed from chemicals in urine that crystallize and sticktogether. Some cause problems, and others we may never know they re there. http://www.urologychannel.com/kidneystones/index.shtml

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement KIDNEY STONES Overview Types Causes Signs and Symptoms ... Videos CONDITIONS Adrenal Cancer Bladder Cancer Bladder Control Problems BPH/Enlarged Prostate Emergencies Erectile Dysfunction Female Sexual Dysfunction Hematuria Incontinence Interstitial Cystitis Kidney Cancer ... Testosterone Deficiency Upper Tract Tumors Urethral Cancer Urinary Tract Infection Varicocele Vasectomy RESOURCES urologychannelMD Anatomy Clinical Trials Education ... What Is a Urologist? Videos ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials print this ... email this Overview Kidney stones (calculi) are hardened mineral deposits that form in the kidney. They originate as microscopic particles and develop into stones over time. The medical term for this condition is nephrolithiasis, or renal stone disease The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and add them to the urine that the kidneys produce. When waste materials in the urine do not dissolve completely, crystals and kidney stones are likely to form. Small stones can cause some discomfort as they pass out of the body. Regardless of size, stones may pass out of the kidney, become lodged in the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder (ureter), and cause severe pain that begins in the lower back and radiates to the side or groin. A lodged stone can block the flow of urine, causing pressure to build in the affected ureter and kidney. Increased pressure results in stretching and spasm, which cause severe pain.

3. UCLA Radiology: Kidney Stones UCLA Department of Urology and UCLA Department of Radiological Sciences. Section of Genitourinary Radiology. Updated March, 1997. kidney stones Index. ( nephrolithiasis, kidney stones, renal calculi, ureteral calculi, urolithiasis) Symptoms http://www.radsci.ucla.edu:8000/gu/stones/kidneystone.html

UCLA Kidney Stone Treatment Center UCLA Department of Urology and UCLA Department of Radiological Sciences Section of Genitourinary Radiology Updated March, 1997 Kidney Stones - Index (nephrolithiasis, kidney stones, renal calculi, ureteral calculi, urolithiasis) This page may help you deal with a kidney stone problem. Anatomy kidney ureter , bladder, urethra (click to see anatomical drawing) Symptoms - what the patient feels. Physical findings - what the doctor discovers on physical examination. Radiology work-up no symptoms acute renal colic dull pain ... Etiology - what makes them form. Predisposing conditions - what helps them form. Incidence - how many people have them. Composition - what they are made of (click to see stone) Prevention (in development) Teaching cases radiology (March 1997) urology (new case 00/00/97) Definitions - Lexicon of medical jargon related to kidney stones. Images Symptoms Asymptomatic (often there are no symptoms at all) Acute renal colic (severe colicky flank pain radiating to groin, scrotum, labia) Nausea, vomiting

4. Kidney Stones one that you are unlikely to forget. kidney stones (calculi) are solid or semisolid mineral-like percent of males will experience kidney stones during their lifetime, which is http://www.urologyinstitute.com/html/kidney_stones.html

Rufus Green Jr., M.D., FACS, welcomes you to his offices on the campuses of RHD Memorial Medical Center, St. Paul Medical Center, and Las Colinas Medical Center. Doctor Green brings a vast amount of experience to his specialty, as well as the belief that every patient is an "individual with unique needs." Featured Articles: Urologic Advances Female Urology Erectile Dysfunction Erectile Dysfunction: ... Bladder Cancer Urinary calculi have been around for centuries. Stones were found in an Egyptian skeleton estimated to be over 7,000 years old. In the United States, archeologists have discovered urinary calculi in bony remains dating back to 1500 B.C. Many notable individuals have suffered with kidney stones, namely Louis Napoleon III (Emperor of France), Benjamin Franklin (American inventor), and Lyndon B. Johnson (American President). Kidney stones are more common in developed nations and do have regional variation in occurrence. In the United States individuals living in the so-called "sunbelts", e.g. southeastern and southwestern states are at higher risk for developing a stone than in other parts of the country. Although kidney stones have not been eradicated, we have learned a great deal about them. Because of this vast amount of knowledge and the revolutionary advancements in medical technology consistent with a proper evaluation and medical treatment, we are able to significantly decrease the recurrence of stone formation, decrease the pain and suffering associated with kidney stones, better preserve and protect the urinary tract, and where needed treat 95% of kidney stones without open surgery (surgery requiring a skin incision).

5. Kidney Stone Photographs Pictures of kidney stones and their chemical compositions. http://www.herringlab.com/photos/

Interesting Kidney Stone Photographs Click Here for more Stone Photographs (still under construction) - below are pictures of stones and their chemical composition - Stone Composition Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate- 97%, protein and blood 3% Calcium Oxalate (Monohydrate form-10%, Dihydrate form-59%), Calcium Phosphate (Carbonate form- 7%, Hydroxyl form-21%), protein and blood-3% (Gall stone)- Cholesterol- 96%, Calcium Bilirubinate- 2%, Mixed Bile Pigments- 2% Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate- 98%, protein- 2% - click the photos below to view a larger image - Stone Composition Uric Acid Dihydrate- 100% (crystalluria) Calcium Carbonate (calcite variety) CaCO (crystalluria) Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate (Struvite) (crystalluria) Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate- 97%, protein and blood- 3% Calcium Oxalate (Monohydrate- 10%, Dihydrate- 88%), Protein- 2% stones@herringlab.com. No part of this information may be reproduced without written permission.

6. Kidney Stones On The Net A personal story with links to other information and personal sites. http://www.megalink.net/~dale/kidney.html

Kidney Stones on the Net Well, in case you have't guessed... I am a victim of the condition commonly called Kidney Stones, but otherwise known as Nephrolithiasis or Urolithiasis . After urinating a bright red stream of blood, I decided to visit The Doc to find out what was going on. My Favorite Doctor scheduled an X-ray that involved drinking some sort of noxious cocktail of chemicals. I recall being told that there is some risk associated with the beverage, but it is necessary so the x-ray can properly see into the urinary tract. Sure enough, several stones were visible in the "pipe". One of them was particularly pesky causing me to feel like I had to urinate constantly. I was advised to drink plenty of liquids and strain my pee with a paint strainer, in the hopes I could catch a stone to determine which variety of stone it is. Other than some brief discomfort in the groin every once in a blue moon, I had no inkling that I was a kidney stone breeder . After about a week of constantly feeling the need to urinate and a few hour long episodes of intense groin pain, I finally managed to pee one of those critters out. Wouldn't you know it... I didn't use the paint strainer that time. I could plainly see the stone in the toilet. I decided that the only way I was going to find out the type of stones I had was by going diving. Luckily I was working in a Nursing Home and there was a plentiful supply of latex gloves. After fishing the offending kidney stone from the toilet and examining it, I found it hard to believe I actually passed it. It was irregularly shaped, about the size of a BB.

7. The Kidney Stone Web Site - Definition Location On the Web Since 1997. An Educational Resource for Sufferers with KidneyStones by Roger Baxter. Why Be Concerned About kidney stones? http://members.aol.com/rogerbaxtr/pages/Kidney_Stone_Page.html

Main Men Staying Well htmlAdWH('7002568', '234', '60'); You are being transferred to the updated Kidney Stone WebSite. January 4, 2003. Thank you for your patience.

8. What I Need To Know About Kidney Stones Uses simple language and color illustrations to make the symptoms of and treatmentsfor kidney stones easy to understand. Are all kidney stones alike? No. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/kidney/pubs/whastone/whastone.htm

Email To A Friend PDF Version Spanish Version Also see: Kidney Stones in Adults Home : What I need to know about Kidney Stones What I need to know about Kidney Stones On this page: When should I call a doctor? What do my kidneys do? What is a kidney stone? Are all kidney stones alike? ... Acknowledgments When should I call a doctor? Pain in the shaded areas may be caused by kidney stones. If you have a kidney stone, you may already know how painful it can be. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without help from a doctor. But sometimes a stone will not just go away. It may even get larger. Your doctor can help. You should call a doctor when you have extreme pain in your back or side that will not go away blood in your urine fever and chills vomiting urine that smells bad or looks cloudy a burning feeling when you urinate These may be signs of a kidney stone that needs a doctor's care. Top What do my kidneys do? Your kidneys are bean-shaped organs, each about the size of your fist. They are located near the middle of your back, just below the rib cage. The kidneys are sophisticated trash collectors. Every day, your kidneys process about 200 quarts of blood to sift out about 2 quarts of waste products and extra water. The waste and extra water become urine, which flows to your bladder through tubes called ureters (YOOR-uh-turs). Your bladder (BLAD-ur) stores urine until you go to the bathroom. Wastes removed from the blood go to the bladder.

9. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Nephrolithiasis and often starts in the flank region and moves down to the groin. kidney stones are common more episodes of kidney stones occur. kidney stones are common in premature http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000458.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Nephrolithiasis Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Kidney anatomy Kidney - blood and urine flow Nephrolithiasis Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) ... Lithotripsy procedure Alternative names Return to top Renal calculi; Kidney stones; Stones - kidney Definition Return to top Nephrolithiasis is a condition in which one or more stones are present in the pelvis or calyces of the kidney or in the ureter. (See also cystinuria Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Kidney stone formation may result when the urine becomes overly concentrated with certain substances. These substances in the urine may complex to form small crystals and subsequently stones. Stones may not produce symptoms until they begin to move down the ureter, causing pain. The pain is severe and often starts in the flank region and moves down to the groin. Kidney stones are common. About 5% of women and 10% of men will have at least one episode by age 70. Kidney stones affect about 2 out of every 1,000 people. Recurrence is common, and the risk of recurrence is greater if two or more episodes of kidney stones occur. Kidney stones are common in premature infants.

10. Diagnosis And Initial Management Of Kidney Stones - April 1, 2001 - American Fam Diagnosis and Initial Management of kidney stones. ANDREW J. PORTIS, M.D., and CHANDRU P. SUNDARAM, M.D. Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri of dietary calcium and other http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010401/1329.html

Advanced Search Diagnosis and Initial Management of Kidney Stones ANDREW J. PORTIS, M.D., and CHANDRU P. SUNDARAM, M.D. Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri A PDF version of this document is available. Download PDF now (10 pages / 58 KB). More information on using PDF files. U rolithiasis is a problem that has confronted clinicians since the time of Hippocrates, and many family physicians have extensive experience in its clinical management. In recent years, technological advancements have greatly facilitated the diagnosis of stone disease. Physicians can now conclusively identify and, perhaps more importantly, exclude stone disease within minutes of considering the diagnosis. The management of urolithiasis is also becoming increasingly well defined. Clear indications for urologic referral are based on a recognition of the few urgent situations and a solid understanding of the natural history of stone progression. Epidemiology Urinalysis findings consistent with urolithiasis include hematuria and limited pyuria.

11. Pediatric Oncall- DIET FOR RENAL (KIDNEY) STONES Find out about the right kind of food, from Pediatric Oncall. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/DietandDisease/diet_for_renalpat.asp

PARENT CORNER Search GO Home Back Search for Pediatricians Hospitals Special Schools Baby Names Holistic Medicines Alternative Medicine Home Made Remedies Guest Book Guest Book Discussion Boards Share Experience Post Query ... Specialist Answers DIET IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE Kidney stones (also known as renal calculi ) are stones of varying sizes, which form inside the kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder or the urethra. The kidneys are situated at the back of the abdomen and their function is to remove waste products from the blood and from the body in the form of urine, which passes down a tube called a ureter into the bladder. If the concentration of a particular mineral in the urine is too high, crystals form which sometimes become kidney stone. Most kidney stones are only the size of a grain of sand but some may be large enough to fill the collection sack leading out of the kidney. Kidney stones tend to form when the level of a particular substance in the urine is too high. This can either happen because the body produces too much of a substance due to a medical condition or because the persons diet is too high in that particular mineral therefore producing a higher concentration in the urine. Alternatively if the urine is very concentrated a stone is most likely to be produced. This is why a stone is most likely to occur in hot weather or in people who do not drink much fluid.

12. Canine Kidney Stones And Allergic Dermatitis About Amie, who had experimental lithotripsy for canine kidney stones and is allergic to dog foods. Describes finding a healthgiving diet, dealing with kidney ailments, training a sick dog, working and with vets. Input from others is encouraged. http://www.macatawa.org/~wilcox_k/

C ANINE K IDNEY S TONES and A LLERGIC D ERMATITIS What a Combination for a Dog! Amie Hinchman-Wilcox is a toy poodle with some really difficult health problems. Amie has developed calcium oxalate kidney stones and she received ultra-sound treatments (lithotripsy) at a human hospital. In order to control her stone forming, she needs to be on a special diet. Because she is has severe skin problems and is allergic to commercial pet foods, a homemade custom diet has been developed with the help of canine nutritionists. The following details our search, discovery and treatment of her health problems. We hope to help others avoid the trial and error process we've explored and avoid mistakes due to ignorance. Note: The author is a nobody - no veterinary or medical training, only a person who has documented the process. Be sure to check with your veterinarian before acting on any information you see here. The purpose of this site is ~ To provide information to dog owners regarding calcium oxalate kidney stones and allergy; ~ To assist veterinarians with their understanding of these problems;

13. AskMen.com - Kidney Stones Article outlining the causes, treatments, and the truth behind kidney stones. http://www.askmen.com/sports/health_60/67_mens_health.html

Make AskMen.com Your Home Page Add AskMen.com To Your Favorites UPDATED DAILY - 7 DAYS A WEEK Visit: Main Page All of AskMen.com Sexuality Men Women Entertainment Jokes Cool Sites Want to license our articles? Contact us Media requests for interviews? Click here SECTIONS Home New Articles Sexuality Men ... Entertainment FEATURES Top 99 Women Who is No.1 this year? Top 200 Albums Joke of the Day ... Men's Horoscopes SI.COM SECTION Sports Illustrated's 2004 Swimsuit Heidi Klum Elsa Benitez ... and many more... MEMBERS Diet Muscle Guide Member Login Player's Guide ... Message Boards ASKMEN BOOKS Doc Love's System OTHER INFO About us Advertise Editor/Letters F.A.Q. ... AskMen.com Preventing Kidney Stones By Joshua Levine Health Correspondent - Every 2nd Saturday AskMen.com Specials Pages: Today's Articles There is a long list of life experiences that young men hope to avoid; divorce, impotence, senility, and retirement community living. These are certainly some frightening possibilities, but they do not strike fear into the hearts of men the way the words "kidney stone" do. If you know what a kidney stone is, you are probably already shuddering in pain. In fact, you are probably conjuring up images of Arnold Schwarzenegger pulling that tracking bug out of his nose in

14. Methodist Health Care System A look at kidney stones and what they are, who gets them, types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and http://www.methodisthealth.com/urogen/stones.htm

15. Home Page - Urological Disorders Health Guide Offers a clear and comprehensive explanation of urinary system anatomy and diseases such as kidney stones and impotence with links to related Medical Center services. http://www.umm.edu/urology-info/

Urological Disorders Anatomy Urogenital Disorders... Site Index Related Resources Within UMM Urology Urological Disorders Urology is the branch of medicine concerned with the urinary tract in both genders, and with the genital tract or reproductive system in the male. Urogenital is a word that refers to the urinary and genital organs. [The medical specialty of Obstetrics and Gynecology specializes in the reproduction (genital) system of females. Nephrology is the medical specialty concerned with the kidneys.] According to the National Kidney Foundation, kidney and urologic diseases affect more than 13 million people (about 5 percent of the US population) and claim about 260,000 lives annually. The number of people affected by these diseases is expected to grow as the populations of older adults and racial and ethnic minorities, groups disproportionately affected by the diseases, increase. The most serious and debilitating of kidney and urinary tract diseases include: end-stage renal disease (ESRD) stone disease urinary incontinence benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) interstitial cystitis urinary tract infection polycystic kidney disease Other, non-related diseases have a tremendous impact on the disability and death associated with kidney and urologic diseases, including diabetes and hypertension.

16. Http://www.afud.org/conditios/ksafter.html More than half a million people will develop kidney stones this year, and over one third of these patients will be hospitalized. site is to shed light on kidney stones what causes kidney stones http://www.afud.org/conditions/ks.html

This page will take you to the new page automatically. Click here to go there now.

17. The Kidney Stone Web Site Links An Educational Resource for Sufferers with kidney stones. Their web site haslots of good information about kidney stones, treatments, and prevention http://members.aol.com/rogerbaxtr/pages/Kidney_Stone_Page2.html

LinkExchange Member The Kidney Stone Web Site - Links Page An Educational Resource for Sufferers with Kidney Stones Latest Update on March 6, 1998 at 10:47 AM EDT. If you are really interested in learning about kidney stones, bookmark this page now , because there is so much to learn and so many good sources that you will want to come back here again and again to check them all out. And that is not just hype, believe me, I am a kidney stone sufferer who knows. LINKS TO OTHER KIDNEY STONE WEB SITES Perhaps the best web site with detailed information about kidney stones is available from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , a part of the National Institutes of Health, which includes the following topics: Overview An Introduction to the Urinary Tract What Is a Kidney Stone? Who Gets Kidney Stones? ... Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy - ESWL Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy - PNL Ureteroscopic Stone Removal Is There Any Current Research on Kidney Stones? Prevention Points to Remember Foods and Drinks Containing Calcium and Oxalate ... Get Sponsored Additional detailed information about kidney stones is available from the web site on the following topics: Kidney Stones In Adults What Is A Kidney Stone?

18. Welcome To Medstone International Inc. Designs, manufactures and markets lithotripsy system for the noninvasive disintegration of kidney stones in human patients. (Nasdaq MEDS). http://www.medstone.com/

Products The Company Shareholder Info Customer Service ... Contact Us PRIME MEDICAL ACQUIRES MEDSTONE INTERNATIONAL Click here for more information on the merger Go to: www.primemedical.com Medstone International Inc., (now a Prime Medical Company) is a leader in shockwave therapy treatment, has been providing solutions for treatment of kidney stones for over 10 years. Medstone also provides equipment on a fee-for-service basis. Mobile, transmobile and fixed site programs are available. With its network of physicians and facilities that utilize lithotripsy products, the Company has begun using that same contact base to market a line of fixed and portable urological treatment tables. These tables are used for various urological procedures, both as in-office devices for physicians and as in-facility devices in hospital or clinic settings. Drawing from the Company’s relationships with the radiology market, the Company successfully introduced in 2000 a series of patient handling tables. These portable, multi-position tables are used by pain management clinics for imaging and vascular studies in a cost- efficient office or clinic setting. Expanding on its radiology market knowledge, the Company began development of a multi-plane digital x-ray system in 2002. Called the Multi-Rad, this system uses flat plate digital technology to allow a single system to take digital x-rays in a standing or supine position thereby offering lower costs compared to the current digital imaging products in the market.

19. Welcome To Nephrologychannel - Your Nephrology Community Provides information pertaining to the diseases of the kidneys, with conditions ranging from kidney stones to diabetic nephropathy. http://www.nephrologychannel.com/

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement CONDITIONS Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN) Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) Anemia Chronic Renal Failure Diabetic Nephropathy Hematuria ... Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) Polycystic Kidney Disease Microalbuminuria Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS) Renal Vascular Hypertension (RVH) TREATMENT OPTIONS Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis Kidney Transplant RELATED CONDITIONS Electrolyte Imbalance Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) RESOURCES Anatomy Links Clinical Trials Videos ... What Is a Nephrologist? ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonial Bibliography nephrology channel provides comprehensive, trustworthy information about conditions and diseases that affect the kidneys, such as kidney stones and polycystic kidney disease A medical information website of Healthcommunities.com, Inc., nephrology channel is developed and monitored by board-certified physicians. Renal Cell Cancer Study If you or someone you care for has been diagnosed with advanced stage renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer), you may want to find out about qualifying for a new study. Researchers are currently conducting a phase III clinical study to determine the efficacy of an investigational drug, CCI-799, which may improve patient survival and slow down the growth of kidney tumors. Click here to learn more.

20. Kidney Stones - Diagnosis - Urologychannel The physician determines if the patient has a history of kidney stones,documents past medical conditions, and evaluates present symptoms. http://www.urologychannel.com/kidneystones/diagnosis.shtml

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement KIDNEY STONES Overview Types Causes Signs and Symptoms ... Videos CONDITIONS Adrenal Cancer Bladder Cancer Bladder Control Problems BPH/Enlarged Prostate Emergencies Erectile Dysfunction Female Sexual Dysfunction Hematuria Incontinence Interstitial Cystitis Kidney Cancer ... Testosterone Deficiency Upper Tract Tumors Urethral Cancer Urinary Tract Infection Varicocele Vasectomy RESOURCES urologychannelMD Anatomy Clinical Trials Education ... What Is a Urologist? Videos ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials print this ... email this Diagnosis Diagnosis of renal stone disease involves a medical history, physical examination, laboratory evaluation, and imaging tests. The physician determines if the patient has a history of kidney stones, documents past medical conditions, and evaluates present symptoms. Physical examination may be difficult if the patient is experiencing severe pain and is unable to remain still. Lightly tapping on the kidney region often worsens the pain. Fever may indicate a urinary tract infection that requires antibiotics. Laboratory tests include urinalysis to detect the presence of blood (hematuria) and bacteria (bacteriuria) in the urine. Other tests include blood tests for creatinine (to evaluate kidney function), BUN and electrolytes (to detect dehydration), calcium (to detect hyperparathyroidism), and a complete blood count (CBC; to detect infection).

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