1. NORD - National Organization For Rare Disorders, Inc. Offers synonyms, a general discussion and further resources. http://www.rarediseases.org/search/rdbdetail_abstract.html?disname=Kernicterus

2. General Information About Kernicterus, NCBDDD, CDC kernicterus is a type of brain damage that causes athetoid cerebral palsy and hearing loss. General Information. FAQs about kernicterus. What is kernicterus? http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dd/kernicterus.htm

NCBDDD Home Esta página en Español Kernicterus FAQs About Kernicterus ... Click here to contact the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. General Information FAQs about kernicterus What is kernicterus? Kernicterus is a type of brain damage that causes athetoid cerebral palsy and hearing loss. It also causes problems with vision and teeth and sometimes can cause mental retardation. In some newborn babies, the liver makes too much yellow pigment called bilirubin. When too much bilirubin builds up in a new baby's body, the skin and whites of the eyes turn yellow. This yellow coloring is called jaundice. Jaundice is very common in newborn babies and usually goes away by itself. A little jaundice is not a problem, but a few babies have too much jaundice. If not treated, high levels of bilirubin can damage the brain. Who can develop kernicterus? Any baby with untreated jaundice is at risk for kernicterus. This does not mean that every baby with yellow skin will have brain damage. Most babies with jaundice get better by themselves. If their skin is very yellow, they might need phototherapy treatment. If phototherapy does not lower the baby's bilirubin levels, the baby may need an exchange transfusion. Does jaundice always cause a problem?

3. Neonatology On The Web: Kernicterus Teaching Files kernicterus. Division of Neonatology, CedarsSinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. kernicterus is the term for damage and staining of the brain tissue by unconjugated bilirubin. Bilirubin encephalopathy, presumably caused by kernicterus, is the term reserved for (1 http://www.neonatology.org/syllabus/kernicterus.html

Neo Home New Clinical Computers ... Links Teaching Files: Kernicterus Division of Neonatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. Kernicterus is the term for damage and staining of the brain tissue by unconjugated bilirubin. The basal ganglia, globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate nuclei are most intensely affected, but cerebellar and bulbar nuclei as well as white and gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres may also be involved. If the affected infants survives the neonatal period and subsequently dies, the yellow staining may no longer be present, but the basal ganglia will display microscopic evidence of cell injury, neuronal loss, and glial replacement. Bilirubin encephalopathy, presumably caused by kernicterus, is the term reserved for (1) the acute syndrome of stupor, hypertonia, and fever in the newborn with marked hyperbilirubinemia, (2) the chronic syndrome of neurologic sequelae observed following marked hyperbilirubinemia, which includes athetosis, gaze disturbance, and hearing loss. Approximately half of the infants with kernicterus observed at autopsy also have extraneural lesions of bilirubin toxicity. These include necrosis of renal tubular cells, intestinal mucosa, and pancreatic cells in association with intracellular crystal of bilirubin. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage may accompany these lesions. Although the diagnosis of kernicterus at autopsy has always relied on grossly yellow staining of the brain tissue and accompanying neuronal necrosis, animal studies have suggested that significant functional impairment of brain may result from hyperbilirubinemia even when there is no obvious staining or histologic evidence of cell damage.

4. Kernicterus Offers the pathophysiology, symptoms and signs and prognosis. http://www.fpnotebook.com/NIC39.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice document.write(code); Advertisement Neonatology Gastroenterology Assorted Pages Jaundice in Newborns Breast Feeding Jaundice Neonatal Jaundice Causes Nonphysiologic Neonatal Jaundice ... Hepatomegaly in Newborns Kernicterus Bilirubin Toxicity Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology General Medicine Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter Neonatology Index Birth Dermatology Otolaryngology Examination Ophthalmology Fluids, Electrolytes, and Nutrition Gastroenterology Hematology and Oncology Infectious Disease Laboratory General Pulmonology Neurology Orthopedics Pharmacology Premature Surgery Page Gastroenterology Index Jaundice Jaundice Physiologic Breast Feeding Jaundice Causes Jaundice NonPhysiologic Jaundice Nonphysiologic Kernicterus Jaundice Management Exchange Transfusion Jaundice Management Phototherapy Umbilicus Umbilicus Granuloma Umbilicus Urachal Anomaly Pathophysiology Unconjugated Bilirubin (indirect) elevation Total Bilirubin Bilirubin necroses neurons Basal ganglia Globus pallidus Putamen Caudate nuclei Symptoms and Signs Stage 1 Moro reflex diminished Tone diminished Lethargy Poor feeding Vomiting High pitched cry Stage 2 (High mortality in this stage) Opisthotonus Seizure Irritability

5. EMedicine - Kernicterus : Article By Shelley C Springer, MD, MBA, MSc kernicterus Traditionally, the term kernicterus (literally yellow kern, with kern indicating the most commonly afflicted region of the brain, ie, the nuclear http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1247.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Neonatology Kernicterus Last Updated: February 14, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: acute bilirubin encephalopathy, chronic postkernicteric bilirubin encephalopathy, chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, profound pathologic hyperbilirubinemia AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Shelley C Springer, MD, MBA, MSc , Neonatologist; Medical Director of Pediatric Transport Team, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gundersen Lutheran Hospital Coauthor(s): David J Annibale, MD , Director of Fellowship Training Program in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina Shelley C Springer, MD, MBA, MSc, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics American Medical Association Minnesota Medical Association National Perinatal Association , and South Carolina Medical Association Editor(s): Oussama Itani, MD

6. Kernicterus En Español, NCBDDD, CDC Translate this page kernicterus is a type of brain damage that causes athetoid cerebral palsy and hearing loss. It Qué es kernicterus? kernicterus http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dd/spkernicterus.htm

NCBDDD Home This page in English Kernicterus Preguntas frecuentes acerca de kernicterus Términos Señales de alarma Página Principal del Centro Kernicterus (o encefalopatía por hiperbilirrubinemia) – Información general Qué es kernicterus? Kernicterus es un tipo de daño cerebral que causa parálisis cerebral atetoide y pérdida de la audición. También causa problemas de la visión y la dentadura, y a veces puede producir retardo mental. En algunos recién nacidos, el hígado fabrica demasiado pigmento amarillo llamado bilirrubina. Cuando se produce demasiada concentración de bilirrubina en el cuerpo de un recién nacido, la piel y la parte blanca de los ojos se vuelven amarillentos. Esta coloración se denomina ictericia. La ictericia es muy común en los recién nacidos y por lo general desaparece sola. Un poco de ictericia no presenta problema, pero algunos bebés tienen demasiada ictericia. Si no reciben tratamiento, los elevados niveles de bilirrubina pueden dañar el cerebro. ¿Quién puede contraer kernicterus? Cualquier bebé que no ha recibido tratamiento contra la ictericia corre el riesgo de contraer kernectirus. Esto no significa que todos los niños con piel amarillenta presenten daño cerebral. Gran parte de los bebés con ictericia se recuperan solos. Si su piel está muy amarillenta, podrían necesitar tratamiento de fototerapia. Si la fototerapia no disminuye los niveles de bilirrubina del bebé, éste puede necesitar una transfusión.

7. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Rh Incompatibility An extensive look at kernicterus, including a description, the causes, incidence and risk factors. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001600.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Rh incompatibility Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Erythroblastosis fetalis, photomicrograph Jaundice infant Antibodies Exchange transfusion - series Alternative names Return to top Kernicterus; Rh-induced hemolytic disease of the newborn; Hydrops fetalis Definition Return to top Rh incompatibility is a condition which develops when there is a difference in Rh blood type between that of the pregnant mother (Rh negative) and that of the fetus (Rh positive). Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top During pregnancy, red blood cells from the fetus can get into the mother's bloodstream as she nourishes her child through the placenta. If the mother is Rh negative, her system cannot tolerate the presence of Rh positive red blood cells. In such cases, the mother's immune system treats the Rh positive fetal cells as if they were a foreign substance and makes antibodies against the fetal blood cells. These anti-Rh antibodies may cross the placenta into the fetus, where they destroy the fetus' circulating red blood cells.

8. Kernicterus Lawsuit Overview - Find Trial Lawyers And Attorneys With Experience kernicterus Overview kernicterus Overview - Find Trial Lawyers and Attorneys with Experience in kernicterus Personal Injury Law. Contact an attorney who can help you protect your legal rights, http://www.injuryboard.com/view.cfm/Topic=311

June 2, 2004 Airbags inflating in low severity automobile crashes have caused hundreds of injuries since 1990. Vioxx / Rofecoxib Tractor-Trailer Accidents Serzone / Nefazodone Hydrochloride Tort Reform ... Children's Health Matters Kernicterus: Overview If you or a family member has been injured, contact a personal injury attorney today. Just fill out InjuryBoard.com's on-line questionnaire and have a personal injury lawyer review your potential personal injury claim - free of charge. Ask an Attorney Kernicterus is a debilitating and potentially deadly condition that may appear in newborns. The condition typically occurs in infants suffering from jaundice . Jaundice affects the liver's ability to process bilirubin, a byproduct of red blood cell disposal. Excess bilirubin can accumulate in the brain causing Kernicterus. The condition is characterized by drowsiness , vomiting, feeding problems, neck and back spasms, rolling of the eyes, mental retardation cerebral palsy hearing problems vision problems and death.

9. Kernicterus kernicterus. DESCRIPTION A condition characterized by high levels of nonconjugated bilirubin in the blood with 773.4 kernicterus due to isoimmunization. 774.7 kernicterus not due to http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0504.html

Kernicterus DESCRIPTION: A condition characterized by high levels of nonconjugated bilirubin in the blood with biliary pigmentation of certain nuclei in the brain and spinal cord and frequently resulting in cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and hearing deficit. It is commonly a sequel to icterus gravis neonatorum. Usual course - acute; progressive; chronic. CAUSES: isoimmunization erythrocyte biochemical defects erythrocyte structural abnormalities infection sequestered blood Synonyms: bilirubin encephalopathy nuclear jaundice ICD-9-CM: 773.4 kernicterus due to isoimmunization 774.7 kernicterus not due to isoimmunization Author(s): Mark R. Dambro, MD

10. Kernicterus Pediatric Pathology ( Includes a Photo) kernicterus. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn. kernicterus from jaundice. kernicterus. kernicterus. HOME http://www.bdid.com/kernicterus.htm

HOME Kernicterus (Bilrubin Toxicity, Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn) Pediatric Pathology (Includes a Photo) Kernicterus Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Kernicterus from jaundice Kernicterus ... HOME

11. Your Search: NORD kernicterus. Offers synonyms, a general discussion and further resources. Home Esta página en Español kernicterus FAQs About kernicterus Warning Signs News Terms Research http://www.i-une.com/cgi-bin/meta/search.cgi?lang=en&keywords=Kernicterus

12. AllRefer Health - Rh Incompatibility (Hydrops Fetalis, Kernicterus, Rh-Induced H Rh Incompatibility (Hydrops Fetalis, kernicterus, RhInduced Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn) information center covers causes, prevention, symptoms, diagnosis http://health.allrefer.com/health/rh-incompatibility-info.html

AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Colon Cancer Depression Diabetes Gallbladder Disease Heart Attack Hepatitis High Cholesterol HIV/AIDS Hypertension Lung Cancer Menopause Migraines/Headaches Osteoporosis Pneumonia Prostate Cancer SARS Stroke Urinary Tract Infection 1600+ More Conditions Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia You are here : AllRefer.com Health Rh Incompatibility Rh Incompatibility Definition Prevention Treatment Expectations or Prognosis ... Go To Main Page Alternate Names : Hydrops Fetalis, Kernicterus, Rh-Induced Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Definition Rh incompatibility is a condition which develops when there is a difference in Rh blood type between that of the pregnant mother (Rh negative) and that of the fetus (Rh positive). Erythroblastosis Fetalis, Photomicrograph Jaundice Infant Antibodies Exchange Transfusion - Series During pregnancy, red blood cells from the fetus can get into the mother's bloodstream as she nourishes her child through the placenta. If the mother is Rh negative, her system cannot tolerate the presence of Rh positive red blood cells. In such cases, the mother's immune system treats the Rh positive fetal cells as if they were a foreign substance and makes

13. AllRefer Health - Rh Incompatibility Diagnosis & Tests (Hydrops Fetalis, Kernict Rh Incompatibility (Hydrops Fetalis, kernicterus, RhInduced Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn) information center covers Diagnosis Tests. http://health.allrefer.com/health/rh-incompatibility-diagnosis-tests.html

AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Colon Cancer Depression Diabetes Gallbladder Disease Heart Attack Hepatitis High Cholesterol HIV/AIDS Hypertension Lung Cancer Menopause Migraines/Headaches Osteoporosis Pneumonia Prostate Cancer SARS Stroke Urinary Tract Infection 1600+ More Conditions Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia You are here : AllRefer.com Health Rh Incompatibility Rh Incompatibility Definition Prevention Treatment Expectations or Prognosis ... Go To Main Page Alternate Names : Hydrops Fetalis, Kernicterus, Rh-Induced Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Mild Rh incompatibility: positive direct Coombs evidence of hemolysis in the infant's blood elevated cord blood bilirubin Hydrops fetalis: severe anemia heart failure ( cardiac failure enlarged liver ( hepatomegaly respiratory distress bruising or purplish bruise-like lesions on the skin ( purpura Kernicterus Early: high bilirubin level (greater than 18 mg/cc) extreme jaundice absent Moro (startle) reflex poor suck lethargy Kernicterus Mid: high-pitched cry arched back with neck hyperextended backwards ( opisthotonos bulging fontanel (soft spot) seizures Kernicterus Late (full neurological syndrome): high pitched hearing loss mental retardation muscle rigidity speech difficulties seizures movement disorder Previous Top Next Jump to another section Definition Rh Incompatibility Prevention Rh Incompatibility Treatment Rh Incompatibility Prognosis ... Calling Your Health Care Provider Topics that might be of interest to you

14. MedlinePlus Enciclopedia Médica: Incompatibilidad RH kernicterus; enfermedad hemolítica del neonato inducida por Rh Los neonatos pueden morir repentinamente por kernicterus. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/001600.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Omita y vaya al Contenido Otros enciclopedia temas: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Incompatibilidad RH Contenido: Definici³n Nombres alternativos Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo S­ntomas ... Exanguinotransfusi³n - Serie Definici³n Volver al comienzo Es una condici³n que se desarrolla cuando existe una diferencia en el tipo de sangre Rh de la mujer embarazada (Rh negativo) y el del feto (Rh positivo). Nombres alternativos Volver al comienzo Hidropes­a fetal; kernicterus; enfermedad hemol­tica del neonato inducida por Rh Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo Volver al comienzo Durante el embarazo, los gl³bulos rojos de la circulaci³n fetal se mezclan con la circulaci³n materna. Si la madre es Rh negativo, su organismo no tolerar¡ la presencia de c©lulas Rh positivas. Su sistema inmunol³gico trata a las c©lulas Rh fetales positivas como si fuesen una prote­na o sustancia extra±a y crea anticuerpos contra las c©lulas sangu­neas fetales. Estos anticuerpos anti-Rh positivos se desplazan a trav©s de la placenta hacia el feto y destruyen los gl³bulos rojos circulantes. Por lo general, el primer hijo no se ve afectado (a menos que la madre haya tenido embarazos interrumpidos anteriormente, los cuales podr­an haber sensibilizado su organismo), ya que toma tiempo que la madre desarrolle anticuerpos contra la sangre fetal. La incompatibilidad Rh puede causar s­ntomas que var­an de muy leves a fatales. En su forma m¡s leve, la incompatibilidad Rh causa

15. Kernicterus | PICK Online http://www.pickonline.org/

16. Kernicterus & Newborn Jaundice Introduction Jaundice and kernicterus Jaundice. kernicterus. kernicterus is a form of brain damage caused by excessive jaundice. http://www.kernicterus.org/

Introduction: Jaundice and Kernicterus Jaundice About 60% of newborn infants in the United States are jaundiced, that is they look yellow. Jaundice is the yellow coloring of the skin and other tissues. Jaundice can often be seen well in the sclera, the "whites" of the eyes, which look yellow. Many many babies look jaundiced (60%), but they are not deeply jaundiced, not jaundiced below the abdomen, and they act OK - they nurse, they aren't too sleepy, they have normal muscle tone, their cry is normal, they don't arch their backs. Kernicterus Information for Parents: The Jaundiced Baby Jaundice in Newborns and its Treatment About 60% of newborn infants in the United States are jaundiced, that is they look yellow. Excessive jaundice in newborn infants may cause brain damage. Jaundice is caused by a high level of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia) and tissues. When bilirubin gets too high it can be treated. Norms exist for bilirubin in term and nearly term babies based on the age in hours after birth. Other factors, such as prematurity, blood group incompatibilities between infant and mother including Rh and ABO blood types, and bruising, especially cephalohematomas and caputs, can increase bilirubin production and lead to excessive jaundice.

17. Kernicterus - Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention home neurological disorders brain diseases metabolic kernicterus kernicterus. Information • Diagnosis • Treatment • Prevention. http://www.healthcyclopedia.com/neurological-disorders/brain-diseases/metabolic/

Home Health cyclopedia All Topics by Category The Good Health Search Engine Health Conditions A-Z Gurus ... metabolic > kernicterus Kernicterus Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention External links (marked with an arrow ) open in a new window. This site is a web directory and does not offer medical advice. We cannot take responsibility for information found on listed sites. This Page Related Topics Medical Definition Health News Web Directory: Related Topics: Rare Disorders Medical Definition: University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Medical Dictionary: "kernicterus" Health News: Search millions of published articles for news on Kernicterus Modern Medicine Aging The Ardell Wellness Report HealthFacts Medical Post Medical Update Men's Health and the National Women's Health Report Note: Subscription required to access the full text of articles. Web Directory: Adam: An Overview An extensive look at kernicterus, including a description, the causes, incidence and risk factors. Family Practice Notebook: Kernicterus Offers the pathophysiology, symptoms and signs and prognosis. NORD: Kernicterus Offers synonyms, a general discussion and further resources.

18. CHAPTER_THREE BILIRUBIN ENCEPHALOPATHY kernicterus (Bilirubin encephalopathy) is an acquired metabolic encephalopathy of the neonatal period. http://www.akronchildrens.org/neuropathology/CHAPTER_THREE.html

Table of contents Home Test CHAPTER THREE FETAL AND NEONATAL ISCHEMIA AND STROKE ASPHYXIA AND HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY PERIVENTRICULAR LEUKOMALACIA GERMINAL MATRIX HEMORRHAGE BILIRUBIN ENCEPHALOPATHY ASPHYXIA AND HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY In adults, the brain is about two percent of body weight and receives about fifteen percent of the cardiac output. In term babies, it is ten percent of body weight and uses energy not only to maintain electrical activity but also for growth. Thus, the neonatal brain is even more critically dependent on perfusion and oxygenation . Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in the perinatal period has many causes. Placental pathology can impair the exchange of gases across the placenta prenatally. During labor, placental abruptio and cord accidents impair fetal perfusion and oxygenation. The effects of HIE can be compounded by traumatic lesions caused by compression of the fetal head and hyperextension of the fetal neck. Postnatally, hyaline membrane disease, persistent fetal circulation, and congenital heart disease impair oxygenation, and heart failure and shock impair cerebral perfusion. Blood loss from intraventricular hemorrhage, subcapsular hematomas of the liver and other causes may be significant. Examination of the placenta is crucial in order to determine the cause of perinatal HIE, but even after placental examination, the cause often remains unclear. The nonspecific term

19. Kernicterus - Medical Dictionary Definitions Of Popular Medical Terms kernicterus Disorder due to jaundice in a newborn baby with a high blood level of the pigment bilirubin that is deposited in the brain resulting in damage. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4100

20. Kernicterus kernicterus Important It is possible that the main title of the report kernicterus is not the name you expected. Please check the http://my.webmd.com/hw/health_guide_atoz/nord233.asp

var guid_source = ""; var guid_source_id = ""; //unused var encodedurl = ""; WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Quizzes, Calculators Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map You are in Medical Library Choose a Topic Our Content Sources Ask A Question Clinical Trials Health Guide A-Z Health Topics Symptoms Medical Tests Medications ... For a Complete Report Kernicterus Important It is possible that the main title of the report Kernicterus is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Bilirubin Encephalopathy Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Kernicterus is a rare neurological disorder characterized by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia) during infancy. Bilirubin is an orange-yellow bile pigment that is a byproduct of the natural breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells (hemolysis). Toxic levels of bilirubin may accumulate in the brain, potentially resulting in a variety of symptoms and physical findings. These symptoms may include lack of energy (lethargy), poor feeding habits, fever, and vomiting. Affected infants may also experience the absence of certain reflexes (e.g., Moro reflex, etc.); mild to severe muscle spasms including those in which the head and heels are bent backward and the body bows forward (opisthotonus); and/or uncontrolled involuntary muscle movements (spasticity). In some cases, infants with kernicterus may develop life-threatening complications.

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