1. Insulin Resistance Syndrome - March 15, 2001 - American Family Physician insulin resistance can be linked to diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia abnormalities constitute the insulin resistance syndrome. Because resistance usually develops http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010315/1159.html

Advanced Search Insulin Resistance Syndrome GOUTHAM RAO, M.D., A patient information handout on insulin resistance syndrome, written by the author of this article, is provided on page 1165. A PDF version of this document is available. Download PDF now (5 pages / 67 KB). More information on using PDF files. o It is estimated that this syndrome affects 70 to 80 million Americans. Insulin resistance syndrome is characterized by hyperinsulinemia and an increased prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin stimulates glucose uptake into tissues, and its ability to do so varies greatly among individual persons. In insulin resistance, tissues have a diminished ability to respond to the action of insulin. To compensate for resistance, the pancreas secretes more insulin. Insulin-resistant persons, therefore, have high plasma insulin levels. The syndrome can be defined as a cluster of abnormalities, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes, that are associated with insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. However, a cause-and-effect relationship between insulin resistance, these diseases and the mechanisms through which insulin resistance influences their development has yet to be conclusively demonstrated. Components of Insulin Resistance Syndrome Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is the condition most obviously linked to insulin resistance. Compensatory hyperinsulinemia helps maintain normal glucose levelsoften for decadesbefore overt diabetes develops. Eventually the beta cells of the pancreas are unable to overcome insulin resistance through hypersecretion. Glucose levels rise, and a diagnosis of diabetes can be made.

2. TREATMENT OF INSULIN RESISTANCE TREATMENT OF insulin resistance. Gabe Mirkin, MD. The relation between insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications of the insulin resistance syndrome. http://www.drmirkin.com/diabetes/D222.html

TREATMENT OF INSULIN RESISTANCE Gabe Mirkin, M.D. Most people who develop diabetes in later life can be controlled so that they are not at increased risk for the many complications of diabetes such as heart attacks, strokes, blindness, deafness, amputations, kidney failure, burning foot syndrome, venous insufficiency with ulceration and stasis dermatitis. Late onset diabetes usually means that a person has too much insulin because his cells cannot respond to insulin. Too much insulin constricts arteries to cause heart attacks, and stimulates your brain and liver to make you hungry and manufacture fat. The insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) puts you at very high risk for a heart attack and is associated with storing fat in the belly, rather than the hips; having high blood triglyceride levels and low level of the good HDL cholesterol; high blood pressure and an increased tendency to form clots. If you have any of these signs, check with your doctor who will order a blood test called HBA1C. If it is high, you have diabetes and can usually be controlled with diet and/or medication. You should learn how to avoid foods that give the highest rise in blood sugar. When you eat, blood sugar level rises. The higher it rises, the more sugar sticks on cells. Once stuck on a cell membrane, sugar can never detach itself. It is converted to a poison called sorbitol that damages the cell to cause all the side effects of diabetes mentioned above. Avoid the foods that cause your blood sugar to rise quickly. These include all types of flour products: bread, spaghetti, macaroni, bagels, rolls, crackers, cookies and pretzels; refined corn products and white rice; and all sugar added products. Eat lots of vegetables, un-ground whole grains, beans, seeds and nuts. Eat fruits and root vegetables (potatoes, carrots and beets) only with other foods.

3. Insulin Resistance Syndrome Findings and Recommendations from the American College of Endocrinology Conference on the insulin resistance Syndrome. On August http://www.aace.com/pub/BMI/findings.php

Quick Search AACEOnline Members Only Login Your e-mail password Remember my Password Need help logging in? Click here. 2003-2004 AACE Endocrine Coding Manual Updates Findings and Recommendations from the American College of Endocrinology Conference on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome On August 25-26, members of the American College of Endocrinology met in Washington D.C., where national and international experts addressed key questions about the causes, prevalence, assessment, prevention and treatment of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome. The following is a summary of the findings from that conference. 1. What is the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (IRS)? The Insulin Resistance Syndrome describes a condition that is characterized by decreased tissue sensitivity to the action of insulin, leading to a compensatory increase in insulin secretion. This metabolic dysfunction leads to a cluster of abnormalities with serious clinical consequences, most importantly, cardiovascular disease and/or type 2 diabetes. The Insulin Resistance Syndrome Conference extended the concept of the Metabolic Syndrome (NCEP/ATP III) by: 1) Addressing the underlying pathophysiology of insulin resistance, which leads not only to cardiovascular disease, but also to diabetes and other disorders.

4. Blood Sugar Level For Diabetics: What Is Insulin Resistance? Blood Sugar Level for Diabetics What is insulin resistance?, Diabetes Research, and Diabetes Education news, lifestyle and nutrition information, discussion groups, directory of nationwide don't http://www.joslin.harvard.edu/education/library/insulin_resistance.shtml

Discussion Boards Self-Management Programs Programs for Kids and Teens Joslin Camps ... Contact Joslin What is Insulin Resistance? Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps unlock the body's cells so that sugar (glucose) from the food we eat can be used by the cells for energy. In people with type 2 diabetes, a combination of problems occurs, and scientists aren't really sure which is the chicken and which is the egg. The person's body may not be producing enough insulin to meet their needs, so some glucose can't get into the cells. Glucose remains in the bloodstream, causing high blood glucose levels. In many cases, the person may actually be producing more insulin than one might reasonably expect that person to need to convert the amount of food they've eaten at a meal into energy. Their pancreas is actually working overtime to produce more insulin because the body's cells are resistant to the effects of insulin. Basically the cells, despite the presence of insulin in the bloodstream, don't become unlocked and don't let enough of the glucose in the blood into the cells.

5. Articles "The Insulin Resistance Syndrome" Information about this syndrome, typically characterized by an abnormality in blood glucose metabolism. http://www.woundcare.org/newsvol1n3/ar1.htm

Insulin Resistance Syndrome Quantitative Debridement Evaluation Wound Care Charting Internet Update Wound Product Guide ... Electrical Stimulation The Insulin Resistance Syndrome Jennifer B. Marks,MD University of Miami School of Medicine Reprinted with permission from: The Monitor , Vol 1. Number 3, Spring 1996. A publication of the American Diabetes Association/Florida Affiliate, Inc./Southeast Region. This point was strikingly demonstrated by the PROCAM (Prospective Cardiovascular Munster) Study, in which the relationship between various cardiac risk factors and the incidence of heart attack over a four year period was examined in 2,754 men aged 40-65 years. The results showed that the presence of diabetes or high blood pressure alone increased the risk of heart attack by 2.5 times. When both diabetes and high blood pressure were present, the risk was increased 8 times. An abnormal lipid profile increased the risk 16 times; when abnormal lipid levels were present with high blood pressure and/or diabetes, the risk was 20 times higher. Treatment for the described metabolic syndrome therefore aims at treating all of: the features of the syndrome that exist in a given person.

6. Insulin Resistance Syndrome insulin resistance Syndrome. Frederick R. Jelovsek MD. Up to 50% of patients with hypertension are estimated to have insulin resistance. http://www.wdxcyber.com/ngen10.htm

Insulin Resistance Syndrome Frederick R. Jelovsek MD Insulin resistance is an impaired metabolic response to our body's own insulin so that active muscle cells cannot take up glucose as easily as they should. In that situation, the blood insulin levels are chronically higher which inhibits our fat cells from giving up their energy stores to let us lose weight. This disorder is associated with obesity, hypertension, abnormal triglycerides, glucose intolerance (syndrome 'X") and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Many women with polycystic ovaries have this as well as women who have gestational diabetes in pregnancy. Up to 50% of patients with hypertension are estimated to have insulin resistance. The main problem is that this condition can exist unrecognized and metabolic damage can occur before a full blown Type 2 diabetes is finally diagnosed. Insulin resistant diabetics are 2-5 times more likely to die from heart attack or stroke than are non diabetics. While the complete mechanism of this disease is as yet unknown, a recent article, Granberry MC, Fonseca VA:

7. The Apple Figure Is A Cause Of Insulin Resistance. The Apple Figure is a cause of insulin resistance. Learn why high insulin levels, type 2 diabetes, high triglycerides, and high blood pressure are linked. Free fatty acids themselves cause insulin resistance. One out of every four people in the U.S., or 80 million Americans, have insulin resistance and they are more prone http://www.diabetesnet.com/irtips.html

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8. Insulin Resistance insulin resistance What is insulin resistance? insulin resistance occurs when the normal amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas http://syndromex.stanford.edu/InsulinResistance.htm

Insulin Resistance What is Insulin? What is insulin resistance? Why is insulin resistance in the news? What is Syndrome X? ... Glossary What is Insulin? Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. It helps the body utilize blood glucose (blood sugar) by binding with receptors on cells like a key would fit into a lock. Once the key insulin- has unlocked the door, the glucose can pass from the blood into the cell. Inside the cell, glucose is either used for energy or stored for future use in the form of glycogen in liver or muscle cells. What is insulin resistance? Insulin resistance occurs when the normal amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas is not able to unlock the door to cells. To maintain a normal blood glucose, the pancreas secretes additional insulin. In some cases (about 1/3 of the people with insulin resistance), when the body cells resist or do not respond to even high levels of insulin, glucose builds up in the blood resulting in high blood glucose or type 2 diabetes. Even people with diabetes who take oral medication or require insulin injections to control their blood glucose levels can have higher than normal blood insulin levels due to insulin resistance. Why is insulin resistance in the news?

9. Syndrome X And Insulin Resistance Syndrome X and insulin resistance. By Pat Kendall The term also has been linked with another terminsulin resistance. Insulin is the http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/columnnn/nn971022.html

You are here: Home Nutrition News Golden Oldies Syndrome X and Insulin Resistance By Pat Kendall, Ph.D., R.D. Food Science and Human Nutrition Specialist Colorado State University Cooperative Extension October 22, 1997 You may recently have heard in the news about a sinister-sounding condition called Syndrome X. No, this isn't a newly discovered disease, but rather a new term for a cluster of conditions, that, when occurring together, may indicate a predisposition to diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. The term was first coined by a group of researchers at Stanford University to describe a cluster of symptoms, including high blood pressure, high triglycerides, decreased HDL and obesity, which tend to appear together in some individuals and increase their risk for diabetes and heart disease. HDL, known as the good cholesterol, and triglycerides are components of fat found in the blood. The term also has been linked with another terminsulin resistance. Insulin is the hormone responsible for getting energy, in the form of glucose, or blood sugar, into our cells. A person who is insulin-resistant has cells that respond sluggishly to the action of insulin. Following a meal, this person will have elevated glucose circulating in the blood, signaling yet more insulin to be released from the pancreas until the glucose is taken up by the cells. Experts suggest that 10 to 25 percent of the adult population may be resistant to insulin to some degree.

10. Read Insulin Resistance Descriptions And Information About High Blood Sugar At D If you have insulin resistance, you may have high blood sugar which can lead to more serious complications. insulin resistance. Understanding insulin resistance. http://www.diabeteslife.com/insulin_resistance.html

Insulin Resistance Understanding insulin resistance In the majority of people with type 2 diabetes, the body's cells don't always listen to the body's own natural insulin, the hormone made by the pancreas that tells the body's cells to let sugar in. The pancreas is producing the insulin, but the cells aren't always listening. With nowhere to go, this leads to an unhealthy buildup of sugar in the blood. The following describes how insulin resistance can lead to high blood sugar: 1. Food Digestion 2. How Natural Insulin Works After food is digested, insulin (a natural hormone made by the pancreas) and blood sugar enter your bloodstream. In people without insulin resistance, insulin allows sugar to enter the body's muscle, fat and liver cells easily and efficiently. 3. Insulin Resistance It's estimated that up to 90% of people with type 2 diabetes suffer from insulin resistance. For people who have insulin resistance, it's more difficult for blood sugar to enter muscle, fat and liver cells, causing high levels of sugar to build up in the blood. This can cause both short- and long-term problems. Very quickly, the cells become starved for energy and the body can't function the way it should. This is why people with type 2 diabetes tend to feel tired. Over time, high blood sugar levels can lead to more serious complications, including eye problems, blindness, kidney damage, nerve damage, lower-limb amputation and heart disease. To see an animation of how insulin resistance works click here Click here to view the entire program.

11. Insulin Resistance And Pre-Diabetes Reviews causes and symptoms of insulin resistance, discusses how insulin resistance diagnosis, who is at risk, ways to treat insulin resistance to avoid http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/insulinresistance/

Email To A Friend Also see: Am I at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes? Diabetes Prevention Program Home Diabetes A-Z List of Topics and Titles : Insulin Resistance and Pre-Diabetes Insulin Resistance and Pre-Diabetes What does insulin do? How are insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes linked? What causes insulin resistance? What are the symptoms of insulin resistance and pre-diabetes? ... Points to Remember Insulin resistance is a silent condition that increases the chances of developing diabetes and heart disease. Learning about insulin resistance is the first step you can take toward making lifestyle changes that will help you prevent diabetes and other health problems. What does insulin do? After you eat, the food is broken down into glucose, the simple sugar that is the main source of energy for the body's cells. But your cells cannot use glucose without insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin helps the cells take in glucose and convert it to energy. When the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the body is unable to use the insulin that is present, the cells cannot use glucose. Excess glucose builds up in the bloodstream, setting the stage for diabetes. Being obese or overweight affects the way insulin works in your body. Extra fat tissue can make your body resistant to the action of insulin, but exercise helps insulin work well.

12. Mucus: Syndrome X/Insulin Resistance Information One woman's experiences with Syndrome X and tips on living with this disease. http://www.mucus.com

All Things MUCUS This site is experienced better using frames. If you prefer the no-frames view, click here email the webmaster Last modified: Wed Feb 6 23:00:39 PST 2002

13. Overview Comprehensive references and resources about insulin resistance, and the associated conditions of syndrome x, polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Multiple handouts are links to resources. http://home.comcast.net/~creationsunltd/overview.htm

Insulin Resistance Research http://home.comcast.net/~creationsunltd/overview.htm Insulin Resistance http://home.comcast.net/~creationsunltd/insulinresistance.htm Pat's Neighborhood http://home.comcast.net/~cnmpat Healthy Lifestyle Choices http://home.comcast.net/~cnmpat/siteindex.htm About Pat and Walt ... WA State Midwives Site Map: Masters Projects: CPGs and GDM Why This is Important Abstract of the Research Project References List For Research References for Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes ... Algorithm (.pdf) Helping Your Obese Client Contact Pat for more information: webmidwife1@comcast.net Diabetes Web Sites of Major Organizations Gestational Diabetes Mellitus GDM and Healthy Eating Handouts ... http://www.obgyn.net/displayppt.asp#perinatal [PowerPoint HTML] GDM Handouts: Guidelines for Healthy Eating http://home.comcast.net/~creationsunltd/eathandout.htm Making Healthy Food Choices http://home.comcast.net/~creationsunltd/foodchoices.html What is it? http://home.comcast.net/~creationsunltd/aboutgdm.htm GDM Web Links http://home.comcast.net/~creationsunltd/gdmwebs.htnl

14. Articles "The Insulin Resistance Syndrome" The insulin resistance Syndrome. Jennifer B. Marks,MD University of Miami School of Medicine. Reprinted with permission from The http://woundcare.org/newsvol1n3/ar1.htm

Insulin Resistance Syndrome Quantitative Debridement Evaluation Wound Care Charting Internet Update Wound Product Guide ... Electrical Stimulation The Insulin Resistance Syndrome Jennifer B. Marks,MD University of Miami School of Medicine Reprinted with permission from: The Monitor , Vol 1. Number 3, Spring 1996. A publication of the American Diabetes Association/Florida Affiliate, Inc./Southeast Region. This point was strikingly demonstrated by the PROCAM (Prospective Cardiovascular Munster) Study, in which the relationship between various cardiac risk factors and the incidence of heart attack over a four year period was examined in 2,754 men aged 40-65 years. The results showed that the presence of diabetes or high blood pressure alone increased the risk of heart attack by 2.5 times. When both diabetes and high blood pressure were present, the risk was increased 8 times. An abnormal lipid profile increased the risk 16 times; when abnormal lipid levels were present with high blood pressure and/or diabetes, the risk was 20 times higher. Treatment for the described metabolic syndrome therefore aims at treating all of: the features of the syndrome that exist in a given person.

15. DiabetesLife.com: Diabetes Resource With Information About Type 2 Diabetes, Insu do not respond properly to insulin (insulin resistance) or the body does not produce enough insulin What is insulin resistance? insulin resistance is an underlying cause of type http://www.takediabetestoheart.com/insulin.htm

You can be stronger than diabetes DiabetesLife.com can help, by giving you tools and information you need. Find out now how you can help reduce insulin resistance and manage your diabetes. On DiabetesLife.com, you'll learn about Avandia and Avandamet Avandia targets insulin resistance by helping your body use its own natural insulin more effectively. Avandia , along with diet and exercise, helps improve blood sugar control. It may be prescribed alone, with metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin. Avandamet Avandia and metformin. In combination, these two medications significantly lower blood sugar more effectively than the #1 prescribed medication (metformin) alone. Avandamet , along with diet and exercise, helps improve blood sugar control for people who are already treated with combination Avandia and metformin or who are not adequately controlled on metformin alone. Not sure if either medication is right for you? See our quick comparison , and talk to your doctor. Click here for important safety information for Avandia and Avandamet including an important warning about lactic acidosis for Avandamet This site is brought to you by GlaxoSmithKline, the maker of

16. Siteindex Provides nutritional information from a variety of sources. The focus is on low and moderate carbohydrate programs, and exercise with the long term goal of improving women's health. Special attention is given to insulin resistance, PCOS and Syndrome X. http://home.comcast.net/~cnmpat/siteindex.htm

http://home.comcast.net/~cnmpat/siteindex.htm Insulin Resistance Informational Site http://home.comcast.net/~creationsunltd/insulinresistance.htm WWW http://home.comcast.net s="na";c="na";j="na";f=""+escape(document.referrer) Blood Sugar Stages and Insulin Level Lab work Common Lab work and Screening Measures Diabetes Prevention and Syndrome X ... American Heart Association on Syndrome X Insulin Resistance and Impaired Glucose Tolerance: http://syndromex.stanford.edu/InsulinResistance.htm Consensus Statement on Insulin Resistance http://www.diabetes.org/diabetescare/1998-02/pg310.htm The Apple Figure and Insulin Sensitivity http://www.diabetesnet.com/irtips.php Diabetes Types http://www.diabetesnet.com/diabetes_types/index.php Pre-Diabetes Low Carb Web Sites and Low Carb Cooking Diversity in Body Types Ayurveda Body Types http://www.ayur.com/about.html#Principles Body Positive http://www.bodypositive.com/ Different Bodies, Different Diets Dr. Carolyn l. Mein http://www.bodytype.com/

17. Clingenix Inc. - A Fully Integrated Pharmacogenomics Company A biotechnology company specialized in largescale drug target discovery and validation in well-characterized clinical samples and in integrated pharmacogenomics (PGx), with specific therapeutic interest and expertise in insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease (CAD), and obesity. http://www.clingenix.com/

Clingenix, Inc. is a dynamic biotechnology company with a unique approach to the efficient discovery, development, and clinical validation of novel molecular diagnostics appears prior to and is predictive of Type II diabetes and related metabolic diseases and affects up to 30% of the population worldwide at great cost. Clingenix is carrying out clinical investigations and validation. The overall business will cover Asia, Europe and U.S. Clingenix, Inc. - A fully integrated pharmacogenomics company

18. Insulin Resistance, Sobieraj.Com The role of insulin resistance in diabetes insulin resistance. by Jerry Sobieraj, MD ©2000 All type II diabetics suffer from insulin resistance. In fact, many people with insulin resistance http://www.sobieraj.net/nutrition/ir.html

Insulin Resistance What is Insulin? Insulin is the hormone released by your pancreas in response to eating. The amount of insulin released largely depends on the rise in your blood sugar (glucose). Once the insulin enters the blood, it helps to drive the glucose into the tissues of your body. Muscle and fat are the major insulin responsive tissues in your body. What happens to Insulin in Diabetes? There are two types of diabetes. In type I diabetes (insulin dependent), the cells of the pancreas that make insulin are destroyed. Thus, people with type I diabetes have a deficiency of insulin. Their treatment requires them to receive insulin on a daily basis. Since insulin is a large protein, it must be injected into the body to function, as it would be digested likely any other protein if it were taken orally. In type II diabetes, the body has plenty of insulin. In fact, the levels of insulin may be quite high. This is because the tissues which repsond to insulin have become resistant to its action. Thus, the blood sugar of type II diabetics runs high due to inadequate effect of their excessive insulin. The fact that the insulin levels are more than adequate, but not effective, is referred to as Insulin Resistance. Is Insulin Resistance Important?

19. Insulin Resistance Syndrome - March 15, 2001 - American Family Physician insulin resistance Syndrome. To find your waistto-hip ratio, measure the smallest part of your waist with a tape measure. What is insulin resistance syndrome? http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010315/1165ph.html

Advanced Search Please note: This information was as current as we could make it on the date given above. But medical information is always changing, and some information given here may be out of date. For regularly updated information on a variety of health topics, please visit familydoctor.org , the AAFP patient education Web site. An article on this topic is available in this issue of AFP Insulin Resistance Syndrome To find your waist-to-hip ratio, measure the smallest part of your waist with a tape measure. Don't hold in your stomach while you measure! Now measure the biggest part of your hips with a tape measure. Measure the part where your buttocks stick out the most. Divide your waist measurement by your hip measurement. The answer is your waist-to-hip ratio. A ratio that is bigger than 1.0 (for men) or 0.8 (for women) shows that your abdomen is obese. Note: the word "obese" means very much overweight. What is insulin resistance syndrome? Insulin is a kind of hormone. It helps your body store sugar in your tissues. Your body uses stored sugar for energy.

20. PCOS And Carbohydrates Several links about insulin resistance and carbohydratecontrolled diets. http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~cp391990/carb.html

PCOS and Carbohydrates Although there is no cure for PCOS, some women, including myself, have found a great deal of success by controlling the amount of carbohydrates that they consume each day. This type of treatment springs from the idea that PCOS and insulin resistance are linked. Not only do women who follow a carbohydrate-controlled diets lose weight, but they also find that their other symptoms, anovulation, hirisutism, and acne, improve as well. I have found controlling carbohydrates to be enormously beneficial to the improvement of my own symptoms. Read my story to find out more. Below are several links about insulin resistance and carbohydrate-controlled diets. Information on Low-Carb Diets A Brief Introduction to the Low Carb Concept Low Carbohydrate FAQ Low Carb Newbie's Handbook Low Carb Diet FAQ ... Everything Low Carb Treating PCOS with Carb-Controlled Diets PCOS.netLow Carb Dieting

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