21. Myxedema Coma A rare complication of untreated hypothyroid disease. The Virtual Hospital University of Iowa Family Practice Handbook Chapter 5. http://indy.radiology.uiowa.edu/Providers/ClinRef/FPHandbook/Chapter05/15-5.html

22. EMedicine - Hypothyroid Myopathy : Article Excerpt By: Diana M Echeverry, MD, MP hypothyroid Myopathy Deficiency of thyroid hormone leads to a state calledhypothyroidism. (advertisement). Excerpt from hypothyroid Myopathy. http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/byname/hypothyroid-myopathy.htm

(advertisement) Excerpt from Hypothyroid Myopathy Synonyms, Key Words, and Related Terms: hypothyroidism Please click here to view the full topic text: Hypothyroid Myopathy Background: Deficiency of thyroid hormone leads to a state called hypothyroidism. Common causes of hypothyroidism include the following: Treatment with radioactive iodine 131 for Graves disease Hashimoto disease - An autoimmune process in which lymphocytic infiltration and fibrous tissue accumulation cause replacement of normal thyroid tissue Drug-induced hypothyroidism - Known to occur with amiodarone and iodine (ie, Wolff-Chaikoff effect) Hereditary disorders of the iodothyronine synthesis pathway (T4 and T3) Pituitary tumors and related surgical resections Hypothyroidism can cause several symptoms, ranging from mild (eg, fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, mental slowing, muscle cramping) to severe (eg, heart enlargement, myxedema coma [rare]). Without regard to the cause of hypothyroidism, neuromuscular manifestations can be observed in many patients with hypothyroidism. These manifestations include peripheral nerve involvement and metabolic myopathy. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common mononeuropathy, reported in 15-30% of all patients with hypothyroidism. CTS related to hypothyroidism usually occurs bilaterally. Sensory axonal polyneuropathy is reported in 19% of cases. Cranial nerve involvement with deafness and a hoarse voice due to vocal cord lesions also has been reported. Pathophysiology: Hypothyroidism causes a constellation of changes in the body. The lack of thyroid hormone results in slowed or reduced metabolic function, such as decreased protein turnover and impaired carbohydrate metabolism. These metabolic changes occur in many organ systems, including muscle. Pain with muscle exertion is characteristic of defective carbohydrate metabolism.

23. HealthCentral.com - News - Two Thyroid Hormones Better Than One - (2/10/1999) A study by the Kaunas Medical University in Lithuania and reported in the New England Journal of Medicine suggests hypothyroid patients may respond best to a combination of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. HealthCentral News. http://www.healthcentral.com/news/newsfulltext.cfm?id=9430

24. Hypothyroidism In Dogs - VeterinaryPartner.com - A VIN Company! rate occur in as many as 26% of hypothyroid dogs; still, the significance of this in terms of disease has been found in hypothyroid dogs with central nervous system signs http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&S=0&C=0&A=461

25. Hypothyroid tissue. These tumors do not usually synthesize hormones hence, animalsbecome hypothyroid as functional tissue is destroyed. A http://www.newmanveterinary.com/Hypothyroid.html

AC_RunFlContent( "width","500", "height","190", "movie","images/HypothyroidTitle2", "quality","best", "play","true", "src","images/HypothyroidTitle2", "codebase", "4,0,2,0" ); [NOTE: To appreciate the content of this page, The reader is encouraged to read the thyroid hormone primer before proceeding down this page.... Causes Clinical Signs Diagnosis Treatment ... AC_RunFlContent( "width","350", "height","200", "name","Title Animation", "align","middle", "movie","images/CausesofHypothyroidism2", "quality","best", "play","true", "src","images/CausesofHypothyroidism2", "codebase", "4,0,2,0" ); Hypothyroidism in the dog can be classified as primary secondary and tertiary depending upon whether the cause resides in the thyroid gland, pituitary gland or hypothalamus. The roles of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, which control thyroid hormone levels via secretion of TSH and TRH, respectively, have been discussed elsewhere Cretinism Secondary Hypothyroidism Secondary Hypothyroidism A si mple list of the most common and least common causes of hypothyroidism is available. The most common causes are

26. RxMed: Illness Information The risk factors, causes, symptoms and treatment of hypothyroid disorders. From RXmed. http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b1.illness/b1.1.illnesses/Hypothyroidism.html

General Illness Information Common Name: Hypothyroidism Medical Term: Hypothyroidism Description: The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones, under the control of the pituitary gland in the brain. Thyroid hormone is essential to the body in the consumption of oxygen by the cells, and in protein synthesis. The condition in which the thyroid gland produces low levels of thyroid hormone is termed hypothyroidism. It affects both sexes, but is more common among women. Causes: Sometimes unknown. Most common causes include: Auto-immune disease, in which the body's immune system functions abnormally and attacks the thyroid gland depleting its thyroid hormone producing cells. Radioactive iodine treatment. for Graves Disease. Surgery for hyperthyroidism. Iodine deficiency in the diet. This is common in mountainous areas in the underdeveloped world.

27. SiriusDog Canine Resource & Classifieds - Articles Is your dog hypothyroid? Here is a list of symptoms that may mean yourdog is hypothyroid (from Dr. Jean Dodds). Alterations in Cellular http://siriusdog.com/hypothyroid.htm

DogGroups.com All Dog Breeds Welcome DogGiftShop.com Unique Dog Gifts ... Training SiriusDog CLASSIFIEDS Sporting Hounds Working Terriers ... View All Categories hypothyroid polyneuropathy seizures mood swings hyperexcitability stunted growth chronic infections Dermatological Diseases Is your dog hypothyroid? by W. Jean Dodds DVM Here is a list of symptoms that may mean your dog is hypothyroid (from Dr. Jean Dodds) Alterations in Cellular Metabolism lethargy mental dullness exercise intolerance neurologic signs like polyneuropathy seizures weight gain cold intolerance mood swings hyperexcitability stunted growth chronic infections Neuromuscular Problems (like loss of smooth muscle tone) weakness (esp. hind end) stiffness knuckling/dragging feet laryngeal paralysis (bark changes) incontinence facial paralysis (droopy) head tilt "tragic" expression (looks old/sad

28. Is Your Dog Hypothyroid? Keywords hypothyroid Jean Dodds. Is your dog hypothyroid? Here is a listof symptoms that may mean your dog is hypothyroid (from Dr. Jean Dodds). http://siriusdog.com/health/hypothyroid.htm

SiriusDog CLASSIFIEDS Sporting Hounds Working Terriers ... Unique Dog Gifts SiriusDog Store Categories Baby Books Camera Computers ... Video Games Keywords: hypothyroid Jean Dodds Is your dog hypothyroid? Here is a list of symptoms that may mean your dog is hypothyroid (from Dr. Jean Dodds) Alterations in Cellular Metabolism lethargy mental dullness exercise intolerance neurologic signs like polyneuropathy seizures weight gain cold intolerance mood swings hyperexcitability stunted growth chronic infections Neuromuscular Problems (like loss of smooth muscle tone) weakness (esp. hind end) stiffness knuckling/dragging feet laryngeal paralysis (bark changes) incontinence facial paralysis (droopy) head tilt "tragic" expression (looks old/sad drooping eyelids muscle wasting (temporal, withers) ruptured cruciate ligament megaesophagus (reflux gastritis) Dermatological Diseases dry/scaly skin and dandruff coarse, dull coat

29. Hypothyroid - Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention home endocrine disorders thyroid hypothyroid hypothyroid. Ask the DietitianSM. hypothyroid Primary, secondary and juvenile hypothyroidism. http://www.healthcyclopedia.com/endocrine-disorders/thyroid/hypothyroid.html

Home Health cyclopedia All Topics by Category The Good Health Search Engine Health Conditions A-Z Gurus ... thyroid > hypothyroid Hypothyroid Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention External links (marked with an arrow ) open in a new window. This site is a web directory and does not offer medical advice. We cannot take responsibility for information found on listed sites. This Page Related Topics Medical Definition Health Portals Message Boards ... Web Directory: Related Topics: Medication Mental Health/Disorders/Child and Adolescent/Mental Retardation/Causes Medical Definition: University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Medical Dictionary: "hypothyroid" Health Portals: MayoClinic.com Message Boards: Google Groups: alt.support.thyroid Health News: Search millions of published articles for news on Hypothyroid Modern Medicine Aging The Ardell Wellness Report HealthFacts Medical Post Medical Update Men's Health and the National Women's Health Report Note: Subscription required to access the full text of articles. Web Directory: Hypothyroidism MedicineNet State of the Art Medical Information. Description, causes, symptoms, treatment. Includes information about secondary hypothyroidism which is related to an abnormality in the pituitary gland. Hormones Hypothyroidism, dieting and weight loss. Ask the Dietitian SM.

30. Wilson's Thyroid Syndrome -- Hypothyroidism -- Hypothyroid -- Thyroid Disease Because of classic hypothyroid symptoms, I had had numerous thyroid tests performed,all of which had been normal. When indeed it was a crucial key in my own http://www.wilsonssyndrome.com/AndItWorks.htm

"And It Works." Over the last 8 years, since the first person came to me asking for assistance in working through this protocol, I have been repeatedly impressed that this therapy worked where multiple other attempts, from anti-depressants to standard thyroid replacement therapy, have not. The strongest rationale for doing this can be found in these points: It is simple. This is not a complex process. It takes a little time to educate the patient in the process of tapering up, identifying the plateau dose, self-monitoring, and then tapering back off. The rest is logical and intuitive. It is safe. We are using a hormone identical to active human T . The dosages are well within a safe range and can be monitored easily. It is inexpensive. A full course of treatment, a single 6 - 7 week cycle, costs only about $100. This is far below the cost of therapy for most other chronic conditions. If it doesn't work, little is lost

31. Hypothyroid (Endocrine) Myopathy (HYPOTM) | MDA hypothyroid (Endocrine) Myopathy (HYPOTM) Click for Materials En Españoland MDAchats. Receive email news, tips and updates from http://www.mdausa.org/disease/hypotm.html

Hypothyroid (Endocrine) Myopathy (HYPOTM) Click for and MDAchats Receive e-mail news, tips and updates from MDA or ask us a quick question. Quick Definition: Childhood to adulthood. Weakness of arm and leg muscles. Stiffness and muscle cramps common. Usually improves with treatment of underlying thyroid condition. Find Your Local MDA Do you need to find MDA in your city? Enter your Zip code here for where to turn for clinics and medical services; support groups; summer camp; local events and volunteer and fund-raising opportunities close to home. For more articles and references, please use the search feature Basic References FAQ's and Simply Stated Articles Quest Research-Medical Related ... News Releases Basic References Facts About Myopathies "Ask the Experts" Responses about Other Myopathies "Ask the Experts" Responses to General Neuromuscular Questions Genetics and Neuromuscular Diseases ... General Interest Publications FAQ's and Simply Stated Articles FAQ: About Creatine Creatine Update: MDA Experts Say, 'Take Supplements Only Under Doctor's Care'

32. ATE Responses Summary of Previous Responses hypothyroid MYOPATHY (HYPOTM). Last Update02/10/2004 Approximate date of response given after each SUBJ below. http://www.mdausa.org/experts/responses.cfm?id=78

33. Hypothryoidis Diagnosis Comprehensive common symptoms. Most patients continue to have classic hypothyroidsymptoms because excessive reliance is placed on the TSH. This http://www.mercola.com/article/hypothyroid/diagnosis_comp.htm

Dr. Joseph Mercola Author of the Total Health Program Enter your e-mail address below to subscribe to my free newsletter: Previous Issues Essential Info Health Blog My Vision My Qualifications #1 Natural Health Site ... More... Health Resources Nutrition Plan Fewer Grains/Sugars More Omega-3 More Water ... Print this Page document.write ( "E-mail to a Friend" ); document.write ( "" ); Optimum Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypothyroidism With Free T3 and Free T4 Levels Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism The big myth that persists regarding thyroid diagnosis is that an elevated TSH level is always required before a diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be made. Normally, the pituitary gland will secrete TSH in response to a low thyroid hormone level. Thus an elevated TSH level would typically suggest an underactive thyroid. The traditional tests of thyroid function, the T4 (or total T4), T3-uptake, FTI, 'T7', total T3, and T3-by-RIA tests should be abandoned because they are unreliable as gauges of thyroid function. The most common traditional way to diagnose hypothyroidism is with a TSH that is elevated beyond the normal reference range. For most labs, this is about 4.0 to 4.5. This is thought to reflect the pituitary's sensing of inadequate thyroid hormone levels in the blood which would be consistent with hypothyroidism. There is no question that this will diagnose hypothyroidism, but it is far too insensitive a measure, and the vast majority of patients who have hypothyroidism will be missed.

34. Hypothyroidism Treatment: Diagnosis, Synthroid Alternatives, Armour Thyroid, Low This is not possible in most hypothyroid patients with T4 only preparations. However,the vast majority of hypothyroid patients do not have this problem. http://www.mercola.com/article/hypothyroid/treatment.htm

Dr. Joseph Mercola Author of the Total Health Program Enter your e-mail address below to subscribe to my free newsletter: Previous Issues Essential Info Health Blog My Vision My Qualifications #1 Natural Health Site ... More... Health Resources Nutrition Plan Fewer Grains/Sugars More Omega-3 More Water ... Print this Page document.write ( "E-mail to a Friend" ); document.write ( "" ); How To Monitor Your Treatment With Natural Hormone Therapy. After proper diagnosis of hypothyroidism ( click here for article ), the next issue is with what substance to treat. Should You Use Synthetic Hormones? The traditional approach is to use synthetic hormones like Synthroid/ Levoxyl/Levothroid (levothyroxine). These products only contain T4 hormone, they have no T3. When a patient attempts to ask their physician for the natural hormone they are usually ridiculed and made to feel stupid that they would request an inferior hormone product. The common argument the physicians give is that the synthetic provides steady hormone levels. What the doctors tend to overlook is that the vast majority of people can not convert the T4 to the active form of thyroid which is T3. This is easy to cofirm by measuring the free hormone levels, but virtually none of the doctors use these tests.

35. Hypothyroid Articles, Support Groups, And Resources hypothyroid articles, support groups, and resources for patients from MedHelp International (www.medhelp.org). Health hypothyroid. Medical http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/Hypothyroid.html

[Health Topics A-Z] A B C D ... Z Hypothyroid Medical Glossary: HYPOTHYROID DWARFISM HYPOTHYROID INFANTILISM Ask The Doctor Forums bipolar medication vs. hypothyroid (Mental Health Forum) bipolar vs hypothyroid (Mental Health Forum) High Cholesterol, Hypothyroid (Heart Forum) Hypertension medications and hypothyroid (Heart Forum) ... [Patient Network] Revised: 6/2/2004

36. Hypothyroid Test Results hypothyroid Test Results. Select a Disease or Condition. Low = Normal = High =Not Relevant. hypothyroid. TSH, FT4, FT3, TT4, TT3, FTI, TPOAb, TgAb, TRAb. Abbreviations. http://www.abbottdiagnostics.com/Your_Health/Thyroid/Testing/testresults.cfm?con

37. Thyroid Disease .. The Facts | Thyroid Foundation Of Canada | Public Education | Symptoms of thyroid disease. Signs and symptoms of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid conditionsinclude hypothyroid patients can feel unusual fatigue or depression. http://www.thyroid.ca/Guides/HG00.html

Home I Search I Contact Us I To Join I ... Version française Health Guides on Thyroid Disease THYROID DISEASE . . THE FACTS Index to this Health Guide Thyroid Disease is a world-wide reality Facts The emotional aspects of thyroid illness The need for monitoring ... What Can You Do? Thyroid Disease is a world-wide reality About 200 million people in the world have some form of thyroid disease. Yet before the founding of the Thyroid Foundation of Canada in 1980, no lay organization existed in North America to promote public education about thyroid disease and to promote public support of thyroid research. Thyroid disorders for the most part are treatable; however, untreated thyroid disease can produce serious results in other parts of the body. Improved public awareness and understanding of thyroid disorders will enable patients and their families to cope more effectively with the sometimes disturbing course of thyroid illness. In this way individuals will also be better equipped to play a role in alerting their physicians to a suspected thyroid condition that may otherwise be difficult to diagnose in the sometimes slowly developing initial phases. Top Facts The thyroid gland The thyroid gland is a small gland at the base of the neck. It weighs only about 25 grams. However, the hormones it secretes are essential to all growth and metabolism. The gland is a regulator of all body functions.

38. Hypothyroidism Classic symptoms include mental dullness, lethargy, obesity, and heat seekingbehavior, although many hypothyroid dogs do not have any of these symptoms. http://www.lbah.com/Canine/hypot4.htm

Hypothyroidism Introduction Anatomy Physiology Cause ... Prevention Introduction The most common hormone problem encountered in dogs is hypothyroidism. It results when the thyroid gland does not secrete an adequate quantity of thyroid hormone called thyroxine. Many internal organs are affected, and the resulting problem depends on which organs are most affected. Cats do not get this problem, but get an opposite problem called hyperthyroidism . Their problem involves excess thyroxine and its effect on the internal organs. Anatomy The thyroid gland is a small gland located at the throat, near what might be termed in people the "Adam's apple". It has two lobes, and can be felt with careful palpation. In this view of the thyroid gland you can also see the parathryoid gland at the far left and the lymph node underneath. Physiology The role of the thyroid gland is to take iodine and convert it into the 2 main thyroid hormones; thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). T4 and T3 then circulate through the bloodstream and affect the metabolism of every cell in the body. To control the level of these hormones the hypothalamus and pituitary secrete compounds called releasing factors. In the case of the thryoid gland, they secrete a releasing factor called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). It is the amount of TSH circulating in the blood stream that tells the thryoid gland how much thyroxine to secrete. In a very refined feedback mechanism between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid gland, the cells of the body get just the right amount of T4 and T3.

39. Hypothyroidism - Thyroid: Health And Medical Information About Thyroid Disease, is usually a hyperthyroid phase (in which excessive amounts of thyroid hormone leakout of the inflamed gland), which is followed by a hypothyroid phase that http://www.medicinenet.com/Hypothyroidism/article.htm

Click Here MedicineNet Home Thyroid Home > Hypothyroidism Advanced Search Printer-Friendly Format Add to Favorites Email to a Friend ... Next page Hypothyroidism What is hypothyroidism? What are the thyroid hormones? Thyroid hormone regulation - the chain of command What causes hypothyroidism? ... Hypothyroidism At A Glance What is hypothyroidism? Hypothyroidism refers to any state in which thyroid hormone production is below normal. There are many disorders that result in hypothyroidism. These disorders may directly or indirectly involve the thyroid gland. Because thyroid hormone affects growth, development, and many cellular processes, inadequate thyroid hormone has widespread consequences for the body. This article will focus specifically on hypothyroidism in adults. What are thyroid hormones? Thyroid hormones are produced by the thyroid gland. This gland is located in the lower part of the neck, below the Adam's apple. The gland wraps around the windpipe (trachea) and has a shape that is similar to a butterfly - formed by two wings (lobes) and attached by a middle part (isthmus). The thyroid gland uses iodine (mostly available from the diet in foods such as seafood, bread, and salt) to produce thyroid hormones. The two most important thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which account for 99.9% and 0.1% of thyroid hormones present in the blood respectively. However, the hormone with the most biological activity is T3. Once released from the thyroid gland into the blood, a large amount of T4 is converted into T3 - the active hormone that affects the metabolism of cells.

40. The Hypothyroid Sourcebook By Dr. Sara Rosenthal THE hypothyroid SOURCEBOOK. Midland, TX 79703. Proceeds from sales of The hypothyroidSourcebook benefit The American Foundation of Thyroid Patients. http://www.thyroidfoundation.org/sarahypothyroidbook.html

EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION FOR THYROID PATIENTS THE HYPOTHYROID SOURCEBOOK (Because the The Hypothyroid Sourcebook is such a large image, this page may take a few seconds to fully load. Thank you for your patience. Thyroid patients and their family members have LOTS of questions. Our physicians are not always available to share their knowledge, therefore, we at the American Foundation of Thyroid Patients recommend the following educational book written specifically for the patient, The Hypothyroid Sourcebook. The author, Dr. and Medical Ethicist, M. Sara Rosenthal, has done a superb job of researching and compiling accurate data for all thyroid patients, whatever the diagnosis. She has authored several books regarding medical matters and is a thyroid patient herself. She has dedicated many hours to all thyroid patients. We suggest you add these books to your library, read them, consult them and share their wisdom with fellow thyroid patients. The Hypothyroid Sourcebook is available through the Foundation. For Faster Service

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