1. Special Pathogens Branch: Diseases-CDC Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) refer to a group of illnesses that are caused by several distinct that cause two other hemorrhagic fevers, dengue hemorrhagic fever and yellow fever http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/vhf.htm

Mission Statement Disease / Virus Information Arenaviruses Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever ... Glossary Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers What are viral hemorrhagic fevers? Researchers wearing protective clothing investigate the 1993 HPS outbreak Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) refer to a group of illnesses that are caused by several distinct families of viruses. In general, the term "viral hemorrhagic fever" is used to describe a severe multisystem syndrome (multisystem in that multiple organ systems in the body are affected). Characteristically, the overall vascular system is damaged, and the body's ability to regulate itself is impaired. These symptoms are often accompanied by hemorrhage (bleeding); however, the bleeding is itself rarely life-threatening. While some types of hemorrhagic fever viruses can cause relatively mild illnesses, many of these viruses cause severe, life-threatening disease. The Special Pathogens Branch (SPB) primarily works with hemorrhagic fever viruses that are classified as biosafety level four (BSL-4) pathogens. A list of these viruses appears in the

2. MedlinePlus: Hemorrhagic Fevers Directory of factsheets, articles, and news stories. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hemorrhagicfevers.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Hemorrhagic Fevers Contents of this page: News General/Overviews Research Dictionaries/Glossaries ... Organizations Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Hemorrhagic Fevers You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Biodefense and Bioterrorism Dengue Viral Infections Infections Latest News Russian Researcher Dies After Accidental Ebola Jab (05/25/2004, Reuters Health) WHO Confirms 19 Cases of Ebola in Southern Sudan (05/25/2004, Reuters Health) Ten Cases of 'Ebola-Like' Virus in Sudan (05/21/2004, Reuters Health) General/Overviews Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Center for Infectious Diseases) Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola (National Institutes of Health) ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral (National Institutes of Health) Research Anti-HIV Protein from Blue-Green Algae Also Inhibits Ebola Infection (National Cancer Institute) Fast-Acting Ebola Vaccine Protects Monkeys (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Specific Conditions/Aspects Arenaviruses (National Center for Infectious Diseases) Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (World Health Organization) Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (National Center for Infectious Diseases) Emergency Preparedness and Response Program (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also available in: Spanish Filoviruses (National Center for Infectious Diseases) Lassa Fever (National Center for Infectious Diseases)

3. Special Pathogens Branch: Diseases-Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Tickborne Encephalitis. Viral hemorrhagic fevers. Education and Prevention Materials Infection Control Manual. Viral hemorrhagic fevers Fact Sheet http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/ebola.htm

Mission Statement Disease / Virus Information Arenaviruses Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever ... Glossary Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever What is Ebola hemorrhagic fever? Electron micrograph of Ebola virus. Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola HF) is a severe, often-fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees) that has appeared sporadically since its initial recognition in 1976. The disease is caused by infection with Ebola virus, named after a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) in Africa, where it was first recognized. The virus is one of two members of a family of RNA viruses called the Filoviridae. There are four identified subtypes of Ebola virus. Three of the four have caused disease in humans: Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan, and Ebola-Ivory Coast. The fourth, Ebola-Reston, has caused disease in nonhuman primates, but not in humans. Where is Ebola virus found in nature?

4. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Fact Sheet - Center For Biosecurity Of UPMC Factsheet on several viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers. http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/pages/agents/vhf_facts.html

5. CDC Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers | Emergency Preparedness & Response Information on terrorism and public health. Provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). the role of Category A agentssuch as viral hemorrhagic feversas weapons of bioterrorism Viral hemorrhagic fevers Fact Sheets. From the Division of Viral and Rickettsial http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/vhf/index.asp

@import url(/css/rightCol.css); /*IE and NS6x styles*/ Bioterrorism Agents Chemical Agents Natural Disasters Radiation Emergencies ... Bioterrorism Agents Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Video: "The History of Bioterrorism" NEW! Describes the role of Category A agents What Are Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers? From the Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, NCID, CDC Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Fact Sheets From the Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, NCID, CDC Laboratory Testing Packaging Protocols for Biological Agents/Diseases PDF (61 KB/5 pages) Recognition of Illness Associated with the Intentional Release of a Biologic Agent MMWR 2001 Oct 19;50(41):893-897 PDF (168 KB/20 pages) Agents of Bioterrorism PDF (4.16 MB/82 pages)

6. EMedicine - CBRNE - Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers : Article By David C Pigott, MD CBRNE Viral hemorrhagic fevers - Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of febrile illnesses caused by RNA viruses from several viral families. These highly infectious viruses lead to a CBRNE - Viral hemorrhagic fevers. Last Updated July 26, 2002 Lassa virus in Africa and several rare South American hemorrhagic fevers such as Machupo, Junin, Guanarito, and Sabia http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic887.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Warfare - Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear And Explosives CBRNE - Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Last Updated: July 26, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: VHF, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: David C Pigott, MD , Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Coauthor(s): Robert E Shope, MD , WHO World Reference Center for Arboviruses, Professor of Pathology, Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Thomas W McGovern, MD , Dermatologist and Mohs Surgeon, Fort Wayne Dermatology, PC David C Pigott, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians , and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Editor(s): Jerry L Mothershead, MD

7. FOXNews.com - Top Stories - Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs) Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) Tuesday, January 28, 2003. What Is It? VHFs refer to a group of illnesses that are caused by several distinct families of viruses. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,76858,00.html

OAS_AD('Top'); Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs) Tuesday, January 28, 2003 OAS_AD('Middle'); What Is It? VHFs refer to a group of illnesses that are caused by several distinct families of viruses. In general, the term "viral hemorrhagic fever" is used to describe a severe multi-system syndrome, where multiple organ systems in the body are affected. VHFs include four families of viruses: filiviruses such as the Ebola and Marburg viruses, arenaviruses such as Lassa, bunyavirus such as Rift Valley Fever and flaviviruses such as yellow fever and dengue. They can all cause serious, life-threatening illnesses. Some, including Ebola, Marburg and Lassa, are contagious. Although the Ebola virus gained notoriety in various films such as Outbreak and books, VHFs aren't expected to be prime bioweapon candidates since people die so quickly from them and often don't get a chance to infect others. During World War II, the Japanese army fed botulinum toxin to prisoners of war in Manchuria, with lethal results. How Is It Spread?

8. Hemorrhagic Fevers Pointers to information about hemorrhagic fevers including Ebola and Dengue Fever http://www.who.int/emc/diseases/ebola/index.html

9. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, Disease Information, NCID, CDC Viral hemorrhagic fevers Disease Information Information and fact sheets. Viral hemorrhagic fevers Fact sheet. Travelers Health http://www.cdc.gov/node.do/id/0900f3ec80006dbb

Infectious Disease Information Contents Infectious Diseases Information Index Useful Sites Infectious Disease Information Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (including Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever) Bloodborne Pathogens: Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) List of links to general and healthcare quality/infection control information Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers: Disease Information Information and fact sheets Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Fact sheet Travelers' Health Information on Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Information and updates on risks, precautions Top of Page NCID Home Disease Information NCID Organization ... Health Topics A-Z This page last reviewed October 14, 2003 National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Privacy Policy Accessibility

10. Hemorrhagic Fevers - Learn More From MedlinePlus Find the latest news stories, overviews, research and more on hemorrhagic fevers from MedlinePlus, the National Library of Medicine's consumer health site. consumer health site. hemorrhagic fevers, Ebola Virus, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Viral, Communicable http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hemorrhagicf

11. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (CBM 95-9) (Current bibliographies in medicine ; 95-9) 1. hemorrhagic fevers, Viral - bibliography 2. Bunyaviridae Infections Pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fevers. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/cbm/viralhf.html

Skip to Content Search NLM Web Site NLM Home Contact NLM Site Map FAQs Current Bibliographies in Medicine Current Bibliographies in Medicine Home Download Adobe Acrobat Reader Home Library Catalogs and Services ... Current Bibliographies in Medicine Current Bibliographies in Medicine 95-9 Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Last updated: 31 December 1996 Privacy Accessibility U.S. National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 National Institutes of Health

12. Hemorrhagic_fever Viral hemorrhagic fevers. Primary Distribution hemorrhagic fevers (HFs) are found in numerous areas of rodents in the case of hemorrhagic fevers) HF with renal syndrome secondary http://www.baylor.edu/~Charles_Kemp/hemorrhagic_fever.htm

Back to Infectious Diseases or Refugees Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Primary Distribution : Hemorrhagic fevers (HFs) are found in numerous areas of the world, with variants noted below under vectors and agents. Agents and Vectors : Viruses are transmitted by: Zoonosis or transmission of a disease of animals directly to humans from the animal host (especially rodents in the case of hemorrhagic fevers): HF with renal syndrome secondary to Hantaan virus infection: Europe, East China, and Korea (In Europe includes Puumala virus, Scandinavia; Belgrade virus, Yugoslavia; Dobrava virus, Balkan area. These three tend to cause milder infections); Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: North America (especially Southern), South America (especially Andes); Junin HF, Argentina; Machupo HF, Bolivia; Lassa HF, West Africa; Ebola and Marburg HFs: Central Africa (vector not known). Tick: Omsk HF: Russia, especially Siberia; Kyasanur Forest hemorrhagic fever: India; Crimean-Congo HF: Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe, Russia, Western China. Mosquito: Chikungunya HF: Africa and East Asia; dengue fever: worldwide; yellow fever: tropical Africa and South America; Rift Valley fever: Africa, especially Central, Egypt.

13. Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Facts Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever. Ebola hemorrhagic fever is one of the deadliest of a group of diseases called viral hemorrhagic fevers. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/ebola.html

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Ebola hemorrhagic fever is caused by several Ebola viruses. The source of these viruses in nature is not known. People can get Ebola hemorrhagic fever by direct contact with virus-infected blood, body fluids, organs, or semen. There is no known cure or treatment. Recent outbreaks in humans have occurred in areas where medical supplies and care were inadequate. The outbreaks were controlled by using barrier nursing techniques. Under normal circumstances, travelers are at low risk of getting the disease. To eliminate the risk, travelers should avoid areas where Ebola outbreaks are occurring. What is Ebola hemorrhagic fever Ebola hemorrhagic fever is one of the deadliest of a group of diseases called viral hemorrhagic fevers. They range in seriousness from relatively mild illnesses to severe and potentially fatal diseases. All forms of viral hemorrhagic fever begin with fever and muscle aches. Depending on the virus, the disease can get worse until the patient becomes very ill with breathing problems, severe bleeding (hemorrhage), kidney problems, and shock. Viral hemorrhagic fevers are caused by viruses from four families: filoviruses, arenaviruses, flaviviruses, and bunyaviruses. The usual hosts for most of these viruses are rodents or arthropods (such as ticks and mosquitoes). In some cases, the natural host for the virus is not known.

14. Virtual Naval Hospital: Textbook Of Military Medicine: Medical Aspects Of Chemic Medicine Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare Chapter29. Viral hemorrhagic fevers Clinical aspects of African viral hemorrhagic fevers. Rev Infect Dis.1989;11 http://www.vnh.org/MedAspChemBioWar/chapters/chapter_29.htm

Textbook of Military Medicine: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare: Chapter29 Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Peter B. Jahrling, PH.D. Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Introduction Epidemiological Overview The Arenaviridae ... Summary Senior Research Scientist, Headquarters, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011 Introduction The concept of a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF)syndrome is useful in clinical medicine. VHF syndrome can be described as an acute febrile illness characterized by malaise, prostration, generalized signs of increased vascular permeability, and abnormalities of circulatory regulation. Bleeding manifestations often occur, especially in the more severely ill patients, but this does not result in a life-threatening loss of blood volume. Rather, these signs are the result of damage to the vascular endothelium and are an index of how severe the disease is in specific target organs. The viral agents that cause VHFs are taxonomically diverse; they are all ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses and are transmitted to humans through contact with infected animal reservoirs or arthropod vectors. They are all natural infectious disease threats although their geographical ranges may be tightly circumscribed. The recent advent of jet travel coupled with human demographics increase the opportunity for humans to contract these infections.

15. EMedicine - Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers : Article By Robert W Tolan, Jr, MD Viral hemorrhagic fevers The 12 distinct enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that cause most of the cases of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) are members http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2406.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Last Updated: March 2, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Arenaviridae (Argentine hemorrhagic fever [AHF], Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Brazilian hemorrhagic fever, Guanarito virus, Junin virus, Lassa fever, Machupo virus, Sabia virus, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever [VHF]) Bunyaviridae (Bayou virus, Black Creek Canal virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF], Dobrava/Belgrade virus, Four Corners virus, Hantaan virus, Hantavirus, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome [HPS], hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome [HFRS], Muleshoe virus, New York virus, Puumala virus, Rift Valley fever [RVF], Seoul virus, Sin Nombre virus) Filoviridae (Ebola, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Marburg virus disease) Flaviviridae (dengue, dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome, Kyasanur Forest disease, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, yellow fever) Tropical viral infection AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Robert W Tolan, Jr, MD

16. EMedicine - Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers : Article By Nili N Alai, MD Viral Infections. Viral hemorrhagic fevers. Last Updated January 28, 2003 Background Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of etiologically diverse viral diseases unified by http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic880.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Dermatology Viral Infections Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Last Updated: January 28, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: VHFs, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Guanarito, Junin, Machupo, Lassa, Sabia, Nairovirus, Phlebovirus, Hantavirus, Flavivirus, Marburg, Ebola, Venezuelan fever, Argentinian fever, Bolivian fever, West African fever, Brazilian fever, Sao Paulo fever, Crimean-Congo fever, Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever, CCHF, Rift Valley fever, RVF, Korean fever, Seoul fever, Yellow fever, Dengue fever, Chikungunya fever, Omsk fever, dengue hemorrhagic shock syndrome, DHSS, Kyanasur Forest disease, Kyasanur Forest disease, arthropods, rodents AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Nili N Alai, MD

17. Are Doctors Ready For Bioterrorism? - Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses Sabia viruses, which are the causative agents of Lassa fever and Argentine, Bolivian, Venezuelan, and Brazilian hemorrhagic fevers, respectively); Filoviridae http://my.webmd.com/content/article/61/67291.htm

WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Quizzes, Calculators Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map Bioterrorism Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses By Jeffrey Duchin, MD WebMD Scientific American Medicine Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation The incubation period of HFVs ranges from 2 to 21 days. The clinical presentations of these diseases are nonspecific and variable, making diagnosis difficult. It is noteworthy that not all patients will develop hemorrhagic manifestations. Even a significant proportion of patients with Ebola virus infections may not demonstrate clinical signs of hemorrhage.83 Laboratory abnormalities include leukopenia (except in some cases of Lassa fever), anemia or hemoconcentration, and elevated liver enzymes; DIC with associated coagulation abnormalities and thrombocytopenia are common. Mortality ranges from less than 1% for Rift Valley fever to 70% to 90% for Ebola and Marburg virus infections.29,81,83-85 Diagnosis http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/vhf/index.asp

18. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Fact Sheet - Center For Biosecurity Of Viral hemorrhagic fevers Fact Sheet. Background. Suspected cases of viral hemorrhagic fevers should be immediately reported to local or state health department. http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/print/print_agents/print_vhf_facts.html

19. Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral hemorrhagic fevers, Viral. glossary of useful terms. Links to other relevant Web resources are provided. hemorrhagic fevers, Viral;. http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/C0019104L0019104.html

low graphics Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral other: Encephalitis, Arbovirus Hepatitis E narrower: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola Lassa Fever CDC : special pathogens branch The home page for the Special Pathogens Branch (SPB), which is a branch of the Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, in the National Center for Infectious Diseases. This site provides information on viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and Lassa fever. Resources include disease fact sheets, teaching and prevention materials, research projects on viral hemorrhagic fevers, and a glossary of useful terms. Links to other relevant Web resources are provided. Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral Last modified: 27 May 2004

20. Hemorrhagic Fevers - Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention home infectious diseases viral hemorrhagic fevers hemorrhagic fevers. Subtopics hemorrhagic fevers Dengue Fever, hemorrhagic fevers Ebola. http://www.healthcyclopedia.com/infectious-diseases/viral/hemorrhagic-fevers.htm

Home Health cyclopedia All Topics by Category The Good Health Search Engine Health Conditions A-Z Gurus ... viral > hemorrhagic fevers Hemorrhagic Fevers Information / Diagnosis / Treatment / Prevention External links (marked with an arrow ) open in a new window. This site is a web directory and does not offer medical advice. We cannot take responsibility for information found on listed sites. This Page Subtopics Related Topics Message Boards Health News ... Web Directory: Subtopics: Hemorrhagic Fevers > Dengue Fever Hemorrhagic Fevers > Ebola Hemorrhagic Fevers > Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers > Marburg Hemorrhagic Fevers > Yellow Fever Related Topics: Public Health and Safety/Epidemiology West Nile Virus Open Directory: Science/Biology/Microbiology/Virology Message Boards: Google Groups: bionet.microbiology Google Groups: bionet.microbiology.biofilms Google Groups: bionet.virology Google Groups: ntu.med.microbiology ... Google Groups: sci.med Health News: Search millions of published articles for news on Hemorrhagic Fevers Modern Medicine Aging The Ardell Wellness Report HealthFacts Medical Post Medical Update Men's Health and the National Women's Health Report Note: Subscription required to access the full text of articles.

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