41. Heel Spurs Running Injury heel spurs. heel spurs and Bursitis usually occur together of the heel. If you feel pain, you have heel spurs. heel spurs can be http://www.leigh.org/running/heelspurs.html

Heel Spurs Heel Spurs and Bursitis "usually occur together, and the treatment for them is exactly the same." You can tell if you have heel spurs by pressing on the front of the heel; press where the heel meets the arch, and press backward toward the back of the heel. If you feel pain, you have heel spurs. Heel spurs can be caused by running on hard surfaces, running on the balls of your feet during speed work and hills, and by excessive time spent in running. Weisenfeld devotes several pages to heel spurs, and if you're having pain on the bottom of your foot, you would be well advised to get his book and read his discussion, especially since he says that you probably can't solve the problem yourself and will likely need treatment from a podiatrist. He suggests you try his "home treatment" suggestions before going to a podiatrist. Home Injuries Achilles Tendonitis Bursitis ... Groin Pull [Heel Spurs] Plantar Fasciitis Shin Splints Short Leg Enclose phrases in quotes, e.g. "running injury"

42. Physical Therapy And Heel Spurs heel spurs and many other conditions may warrant a referral to physical therapist who can explain stetching and exercise techniques. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/901225891.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Physical Medicine/Rehab By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Physical Therapy and Heel Spurs Q: I have been a reader of your column for a long time and have always enjoyed it, but I am concerned with your most recent article addressing heel spurs on April 22. Being a physical therapist, I was very much surprised to see that you neglected to use physical therapy as an intervention for heel spurs. You mentioned exercising and stretching, but who provides this care? Having many friends who are orthopedic surgeons, I find it highly unlikely that they would have the time to sit with a patient and explain to them the mechanics of stretching. I also believe you missed out a large portion of treatment in terms of modalities like phonophoresis and iontophoresis. Phonophoresis drives hydrocortisone solution into the tissue using ultrasound, and iontophoresis uses electrical current to drive anti-inflammatory medication in. I mean no disrespect by this letter, but as a therapist who treats three to five of these patients per month with very good results, I was slightly offended at not having my profession mentioned in your article. Thank you for your consideration.

43. Chiropractic Treatment Of Heel Spurs Subscribe now . Chiropractic Treatment of heel spurs. I then talked to a cousin of mine who had difficulty walking and wearing any shoes because of heel spurs. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/901213153.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Chiropractic Treatment of Heel Spurs Q: I too had a BAD heel spur on the back of my foot which made it very painful to wear shoes for over a year. I went to an orthopedic doctor and also a foot doctor. Both told me the only way to get rid of it was with surgery. I then talked to a cousin of mine who had difficulty walking and wearing any shoes because of heel spurs. She went to a chiropractor that helped her. I went to the same one on a weekly basis for three months and I have been pain-free for over a year. My question is why don't doctors tell some patients to try a chiropractor when they don't know for sure if surgery will really help? Why put people through so much pain and suffering and high cost of hospitals when there is a much easier way? A: If you'll recall, I stated in the column that surgery is a "last resort." Doctors really do not want to prolong the pain and suffering of patients.

44. X-ray Of Heel Spur Xrays of heel spurs. Plantar heel Spur. This is a side (lateral) view of the foot. This patient had a painful heel. Posterior heel spur. http://www.foottalk.com/heelspur.htm

X-rays of Heel Spurs Plantar heel Spur This is a side ( lateral ) view of the foot. This patient had a painful heel. The arrow identifies the spur on the inferior aspect of the heel bone ( calcaneus Posterior heel spur This is a side ( lateral ) view of the heel bone, and demonstrates a spur on the back ( posterior ) surface of the heel bone (calcaneus). This was asymptomatic (without pain or other symptoms). A tight Achilles tendon can cause this to form. It may be associated with pain at the point were the Achilles tendon inserts into the calcaneus.

45. Foot Talk Heel Pain This results in the appearance of a bony heel spur on xray. The spur itself is not the source of the pain. splinter). View X-rays of heel spurs http://www.foottalk.com/heelpain.htm

Foot Disorders Heel Pain / Plantar Fasciitis Look for links to images near the bottom of the page The most common cause of deep pain on the bottom surface of the heel, is plantar fasciitis (inflammation of the plantar fascia). The plantar fascia is a broad band of fibrous tissue which runs along the bottom surface of the foot, from the heel to the toes. It is just below the skin and subcutaneous fat. It helps to secure the arch. Long standing inflammation causes the deposition of calcium at the point where the inserts into the heel bone. This results in the appearance of a bony heel spur on x-ray. The spur itself is not the source of the pain. Stubborn heel pain should be evaluated by your podiatrist. Plantar fasciitis may also present as pain anywhere along the sole of the foot, particularly along the arch and just in front of the heel. Symptoms Sharp pain often localized to the bottom and/or inside margin of the heel Often worse on arising in the morning and after rest Aggravated by prolonged weight bearing and ambulation May severely limit activities Most common in middle-aged and overweight adults Causes Excessive load on the foot from obesity Excessive flattening of the arch on weight bearing Tight plantar fascia Over pronation of the foot (a complex motion including outward rotation of the heel and inward rotation of the ankle).

46. Medical Breakthroughs - Learn More About Osteoarthritis Of The A heel spur results from an anatomical change of the calcaneus (heel bone)....... heel spurs. The spur grows from the bone and into the flesh of the foot. http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/224/main.html

Home Today Women Men ... Addictions Learn More About Osteoarthritis of the Knee Presented By: Main Center Home Features Therapy for Osteoarthritis of the Knee Watch the Latest Webcasts on Living with Osteoarthritis Arthritis of the Knee in 3-D Health Tools Arthritis Checkup Interactive Human Atlas: Learn more about Osteoarthritis Resources Arthritis Encyclopedia Health Videos Learn More Advertisement Advertisement Encyclopedia A G H R ... S Learn More Advertisement Related Videos Slowing Osteoarthritis of the Knee Hyaluronic acid explained What is Osteoarthritis? Spinal Correction ... Donor Ankle Implant Related 3D Atlas Macular Degeneration Achilles Tendon Tear Spinal Tap Silicosis ... Ankylosing Spondylitis Related Stories Protecting the Knees of Seniors Diabetics Need to Guard Against Nail Fungus Related Breakthroughs Water Exercises for Osteoarthritis Heel Spurs Definition The heel spur (or calcaneal spur) is a nail-like growth of calcium around the ligaments and tendons of the foot where they attach to the heel bone. The spur grows from the bone and into the flesh of the foot. Description A heel spur results from an anatomical change of the calcaneus (heel bone). This involves the area of the heel and occasionally, another disability, such as arthritis.

47. Heel Spurs And Plantar Fasciitis heel spurs and Plantar Fasciitis. heel spurs are the best known heel problems. A heel spur towards the toes. heel spurs are visible on Xray. http://bunny.lek.net/~fed/heel.html

Heel Spurs and Plantar Fasciitis Heel spurs are the best known heel problems. A heel spur is a point of excess bone growth on the heel. The bone growth usually extends forward towards the toes. Heel spurs are visible on Xray. The most common heel problems are actually caused by a painful tearing of the plantar fascia connecting the toes and the heel. (Plantar refers to the bottom of the foot and fascia is a type of dense fibrous connective tissue.) This may result in either a heel spur or plantar fasciitis. If your foot flattens or becomes unstable during critical times in the walking or running cycle, the attachment of the plantar fascia into your heel bone may begin to stretch and pull away from the heel bone. This will result in pain and possibly swelling. The pain is especially noticeable when you push off with your toes while walking. Since this movement stretches the already inflamed portion of the fascia. Without treatment the pain will usually spread around the heel. The pain is usually centered at a location just in front of the heel toward the arch. When the tearing occurs at the bone itself, a the bone may attempt to heal itself by producing new bone. This results in the development of a heel spur. Without the spur the condition is called plantar fasciitis. The pain of this condition may cause you to try to walk on your toes, or alter your running stride and gait which will cause further damage and may cause a problem to develop in your healthy foot. Gait changes in running may also lead to ankle, knee, hip or back pain.

48. PLANTAR FASCIITIS, HEEL SPURS Or When The Heel Is A Heel PLANTAR FASCIITIS, heel spurs or when the heel is a heel. A common misconception is that the heel pain is mostly due to the bone spur. http://www.co.broward.fl.us/mei00247.htm

PLANTAR FASCIITIS, HEEL SPURS or when the heel is a heel The architecture of the foot: The major supportive structures in the foot arch (runs from the heel to the base of the toes) are the heel bone (the calcaneum), and the bones and muscles of the front of the heel which are bound together by a band of firm and resilient ligament, a sinew-like tissue called the plantar fascia (the fascia of the sole of the foot). In truth, each foot forms just half of an arch because the inner part of the sole is above ground and only when the two feet are adjacent do they form a complete arch. The heel bone is the largest of the 26 bones in the human foot, which also has 33 joints and a network of more than 100 tendons, muscles and ligaments. In its back, is the strong Achilles tendon that inserts the tendons of the calf muscles, and below it is the tight attachment of the plantar fascia that forms the vault of the arch of the sole (the plantar arch). Particular stress on the arch of the foot occurs while walking and running because in doing so the feet normally turn slightly inwards (what is called pronation) and more forcefully stretch the plantar fascia.

49. Heel Spurs heel spurs, The heel spur (or calcaneal spur) is a naillike growth of calcium around the ligaments and tendons of the foot where they attach to the heel bone. http://ww3.komotv.com/global/story.asp?s=1230442

50. Heel Spur / Plantar Fasciitis: Health Topics: UI Health Care Symptoms of heel spurs and plantar fasciitis usually develop slowly. Excessive force and stretching of the plantar fascia causes heel spurs to form. http://www.uihealthcare.com/topics/sportsmedicine/spor3339.html

Health Topics Category Index Health Topics for Sports Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery UI Family Care - UI Health Care's digital library Read this month's health-e-newsletter Send comments and questions to staff@uihealthcare.com University of Iowa Heel Spur / Plantar Fasciitis Heel pain is one of the most common foot problems. Heel pain is felt under the heel when standing or walking. The pain usually comes from the thick fibrous tissue, called the plantar fascia, that runs the length of the arch on the sole of the foot. Plantar fasciitis, or inflammation of this tissue, is the most common cause of heel pain. The longer the inflammation lasts, the greater the chance that a bone spur will form where the fibrous tissue attaches to the heel bone. Symptoms of heel spurs and plantar fasciitis usually develop slowly. Pain is worse when first rising in the morning and diminishes during the day. The pain increases if weight-bearing activities are performed. Severe cases may have numbness on the outside of the foot. A lump can sometimes be felt when a heel spur develops. Shoes with poor arch supports and very stiff soles can contribute to the condition. Excessive force and stretching of the plantar fascia causes heel spurs to form. Distance runners are prone to chronic cases of plantar fasciitis and heel spurs. Others at risk are those who have:

51. Heel Spurs . heel spurs are a common foot problem resulting from excess bone growth on the heel bone.......MAIN SEARCH INDEX. heel spurs. http://www.ehendrick.org/healthy/000641.htm

MAIN SEARCH INDEX Heel spurs Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Definition A heel spur is a bony projection on the sole (plantar) region of the heel bone (also known as the calcaneous). This condition may accompany or result from severe cases of inflammation to the structure called plantar fascia. This associated plantar fascia is a fibrous band of connective tissue on the sole of the foot, extending from the heel to the toes. Description Heel spurs are a common foot problem resulting from excess bone growth on the heel bone. The bone growth is usually located on the underside of the heel bone, extending forward to the toes. One explanation for this excess production of bone is a painful tearing of the plantar fascia connected between the toes and heel. This can result in either a heel spur or an inflammation of the plantar fascia, medically termed plantar fascitis. Because this condition is often correlated to a decrease in the arch of the foot, it is more prevalent after the age of six to eight years, when the arch is fully developed. Causes and symptoms One frequent cause of heel spurs is an abnormal motion and mal-alignment of the foot called pronation. For the foot to function properly, a certain degree of pronation is required. This motion is defined as an inward action of the foot, with dropping of the inside arch as one plants the heel and advances the weight distribution to the toes during walking. When foot pronation becomes extreme from the foot turning in and dropping beyond the normal limit, a condition known as excessive pronation creates a mechanical problem in the foot. In some cases the sole or bottom of the foot flattens and becomes unstable because of this excess pronation, especially during critical times of walking and athletic activities. The portion of the plantar fascia attached into the heel bone or calcaneous begins to stretch and pull away from the heel bone.

52. InteliHealth: heel spurs may not be the cause of heel pain even when seen on an Xray. Bursitis — Treatment is similar to the treatment of heel spurs. http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/31027.html

chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_home_mo_1','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_home-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_comm_mo_2','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_comm-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_dental_mo_3','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_dental-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_drug_mo_4','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_drug-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_askexpert_mo_5','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_askexpert-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_medical_mo_6','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_medical-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_chats_mo_7','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_chats-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifchr_mid_but_news_mo_8','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/c/chr_mid_but_news-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_privacy_mo_9','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_privacy-o.gif'); Advertisement Heel Pain What Is It? Symptoms Diagnosis Expected Duration ... Additional Info What Is It? Heel pain is a common symptom that has many possible causes. Although heel pain sometimes is caused by a systemic (total body) illness, such as

53. Heel Spur Management Protocols | Kim Christensen Since heel spurs and plantar fascitis are associated with excessive pronation occasional with fixed supination, poor handling of weightbearing stress, and the http://www.chiroweb.com/archives/18/12/03.html

Dynamic Chiropractic May 29, 2000, Volume 18, Issue 12 Printer Friendly Version Email to a Friend Search ChiroWeb! Other MPAmedia Alternative Health Site Links Acupuncture AcupunctureToday.com Massage Therapy MassageToday.com Heel Spur Management Protocols by Kim Christensen,DC,DACRB,CCSP A heel spur is a degenerative outgrowth of bone (a type of osteophyte) on the calcaneus. A lateral x-ray view of the foot will commonly confirm the existence of a spur. However, the bony spur may not be the cause of heel or foot pain. Plantar spurs occur in 20 percent of normal subjects without heel pain, and in nearly half of patients with painful plantar fasciitis. Once other causes of heel pain have been considered, biomechanical support for the arches and fascia will often provide relief of symptoms. Surgical removal of a heel spur is seldom necessary, and is best avoided, since recovery sometimes requires 3-6 months (and occasionally even longer) to return to normal weight-bearing activities. Recent studies have shown that the biomechanics of the foot are never the same after surgical release of the plantar fascia

54. Plantar Fasciitis (Heel Spurs) Plantar Fasciitis (heel spurs). A Patient s Guide. (Insert your favorite picture of a heel spur here.). What Causes Plantar Fasciitis and heel spurs? http://www.chiroweb.com/archives/16/25/07.html

Dynamic Chiropractic November 30, 1998, Volume 16, Issue 25 Printer Friendly Version Email to a Friend Search ChiroWeb! Other MPAmedia Alternative Health Site Links Acupuncture AcupunctureToday.com Massage Therapy MassageToday.com Plantar Fasciitis (Heel Spurs) A Patient's Guide Darryl Curl, DDS, DC Chronically painful feet are hard to ignore and sometimes even harder to return to a pain-free state. As a treating chiropractor, I have found that actively involving the patient in their care has made a big improvement in treatment success. If your practice is similar to mine, you have many patients asking questions about the cause of their chronically painful feet and how to care for them. Surprisingly, it is difficult to find a concise compendium of information on painful feet suitable for patient use. I decided to create a brochure for our office that has become quite a hit with our patients. Herewith are the important excerpts from our Patient's Guide to Plantar Fasciitis/Heel Spurs. The brochure is too long to print here, but use the following material as a template. Modify it as it suits your practice style and training. Here it is. What Is Plantar Fasciitis?

55. Heel Spur Treatment :: FootSmart Clearance, If You Have a Heel Spur, You May Need Heel Spur Treatment. In severe and chronic cases, heel spurs may require surgical correction. http://www.footsmart.com/Heel-Pain-Heel-Spur-Treatment.aspx

ACCESS YOUR ACCOUNT SHOPPING CART TRACK ORDER STATUS HELP FOR CANADIAN PRICING Home Clearance Catalog Request Customer Service ... Shop Catalog Catalog Quick Shop Enter the product item number from our catalog. Search Search by product, brand name, or keyword. Shop for Shoes Women's Shoes Men's Shoes Slippers Shop for Socks/Hosiery Women's Socks Women's Hosiery Men's Socks Shop for Health Foot Health Lower Body Health Shop By Ailment Achilles Tendon... Ankle Sprains Arch Pain Arches, Fallen Arches, Weak Arthritis, Lowe... Athlete's Foot Back Pain, Lower Ball-of-Foot Pain Blisters Bromhidrosis Bunions Bursitis Calluses Cellulite Charcot Foot Chondromalacia Circulation, Poor Cold Feet Corns Diabetes Diabetic Neurop... Dry Skin DVT Economy Class S... Edema Flat Feet Foot Odor Foot Perspiration Fungal Infection Hammertoes Heaviness in Legs Heel Pain/Heel ... Heels, Dry/Cracked Hot Feet Hyperhidrosis Iliotibial Band... Ingrown Toenails Itchy Feet Knee Pain Leg Length Disc... Leg Pain Leg Veins Metatarsalgia Morton's Neuroma Nail Remedies Narrow Heels Onychomycosis Patellofemoral ... Plantar Fasciitis Plantar Warts Pronation/Over-...

56. Shoes For Heel Spurs :: FootSmart Our product selection includes shoes for heel spurs, comfort shoes, walking shoes, sandals, foot orthotics, and bunion and heel pain solutions. http://www.footsmart.com/Therapeutic-Shoes-Shoes-for-Heel-Spurs.aspx

ACCESS YOUR ACCOUNT SHOPPING CART TRACK ORDER STATUS HELP FOR CANADIAN PRICING Home Clearance Catalog Request Customer Service ... Shop Catalog Catalog Quick Shop Enter the product item number from our catalog. Search Search by product, brand name, or keyword. Shop for Shoes Women's Shoes Men's Shoes Slippers Shop for Socks/Hosiery Women's Socks Women's Hosiery Men's Socks Shop for Health Foot Health Lower Body Health Shop By Ailment Achilles Tendon... Ankle Sprains Arch Pain Arches, Fallen Arches, Weak Arthritis, Lowe... Athlete's Foot Back Pain, Lower Ball-of-Foot Pain Blisters Bromhidrosis Bunions Bursitis Calluses Cellulite Charcot Foot Chondromalacia Circulation, Poor Cold Feet Corns Diabetes Diabetic Neurop... Dry Skin DVT Economy Class S... Edema Flat Feet Foot Odor Foot Perspiration Fungal Infection Hammertoes Heaviness in Legs Heel Pain/Heel ... Heels, Dry/Cracked Hot Feet Hyperhidrosis Iliotibial Band... Ingrown Toenails Itchy Feet Knee Pain Leg Length Disc... Leg Pain Leg Veins Metatarsalgia Morton's Neuroma Nail Remedies Narrow Heels Onychomycosis Patellofemoral ... Plantar Fasciitis Plantar Warts Pronation/Over-...

57. Heel Pain Information From The APMA heel spurs. A common cause of to provide pain relief. Other good news is that heel spurs do not often develop in children. Prevention. http://www.apma.org/topics/heel.htm

Find A Podiatrist Foot Health Information Foot Facts e-Newsroom ... APMA Code of Ethics Contact The APMA YOUR PODIATRIC PHYSICIAN TALKS ABOUT HEEL PAIN Information From The American Podiatric Medical Association Heel Pain Has Many Causes In our pursuit of healthy bodies, pain can be an enemy. In some instances, however, it is of biological benefit. Pain that occurs right after an injury or early in an illness may play a protective role, often warning us about the damage we've suffered. When we sprain an ankle, for example, the pain warns us that the ligament and soft tissues may be frayed and bruised, and that further activity may cause additional injury. Pain, such as may occur in our heels, also alerts us to seek medical attention. This alert is of utmost importance because of the many afflictions that contribute to heel pain. Heel Pain Heel pain is generally the result of faulty biomechanics (walking gait abnormalities) that place too much stress on the heel bone and the soft tissues that attach to it. The stress may also result from injury, or a bruise incurred while walking, running, or jumping on hard surfaces; wearing poorly constructed footwear; or being overweight.

58. DrWeil.com Question: Hobbled By Heel Spurs? Today s Question. Hobbled by heel spurs? Because heel spurs and plantar fasciitis are so closely related, they re usually treated the same way. http://www.drweil.com/app/cda/drw_cda.html-command=TodayQA-questionId=44858-pt=Q

Home About Us Contact Us Member Login/Profile Mon May 31, 2004 Ask Your Questions Like-Minded Practitioners Commercial Friends Find a Therapist Powered By Psychology Today Within miles 1 mile 2 miles 5 miles 10 miles 20 miles 50 miles Ask Dr. Weil Today's Question PRINT THIS PAGE SEND THIS TO A FRIEND Today's Question Hobbled by Heel Spurs? Is there any advice that you can give me about bone spurs on my heel? Jack Fisher Today's Answer (Published 03/27/2002) Bone spurs are small growths on the underside of the heel that can come from strain on foot muscles and ligaments, from stretching the band of tissue that connects the heel and the ball of the foot or by repeated tearing away of the membrane that lines the heel bone. The causes of these problems can range from running or jogging to improperly fitted or worn out shoes or obesity. However, what you may think is the pain of a heel spur, even one that shows up on an x-ray, may actually be due to a related condition, plantar fasciitis, inflammation of the plantar fascia, a band of tissue that stretches along the bottom of the foot. This problem can develop when the tissue is stretched beyond the length it can extend to normally as a result of running or jumping and can be worsened by shoes that don't give you proper support. Plantar fasciitis is most common among runners, volleyball and tennis players, people who do step aerobics or stair climbing for exercise, those with flat feet, pregnant women, the obese and diabetics. Acupuncture can also relieve the pain, as can – for some sufferers – magnetic shoe inserts. If all else fails, cortisone injections are a last resort. I wouldn't consider surgery – it is rarely necessary and doesn't always work. A final word of advice: in the future, be sure that you're wearing well-fitting shoes, the proper shoes for each activity, and that you buy new ones as soon as you notice signs of wear.

59. Heel Spurs. Topics Health conditions Bones muscles and joints Feet and hands heel spurs. Need help? Sunday May 16. Topics heel spurs. For http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Heel_spurs?open

60. Plantar Fasciitis Exercise | Plantar Fasciitis Treatment | Heel Spurs Plantar fasciitis and heel spurs remarkable new plantar fasciitis exercise and plantar fasciitis treatment Free at the Sports Injury Bulletin Library. http://www.sportsinjurybulletin.com/archive/plantar-fasciitis-exercise.html

plantar fasciitis exercise, plantar fasciitis treatment, heel spurs Plantar Fasciitis Exercise - Describing plantar fasciitis is easy: It's simply an inflammation of the fascia on the bottom of the foot. Getting rid of plantar fasciitis is hard. Cases of pf can linger for months at a time, with pain increasing and decreasing in an unpredictable pattern. Often, pf discomfort may nearly disappear for several weeks, only to re-emerge full-blown after a single workout. About 10 per cent of individuals who see a doctor for plantar fasciitis have the problem for more than a year. The plantar fascia is actually a thick, fibrous band of connective tissue which originates at the heel bone and runs along the bottom of the foot in a fan-like manner, attaching to the base of each of the toes. A rather tough, resilient structure, the plantar fascia takes on a number of critical functions during running and walking. It stabilizes the metatarsal joints (the joints associated with the long bones of the foot) during impact with the ground, acts as a shock absorber for the entire leg, and helps to lift the longi-tudinal arch of the foot to prepare it for the 'take-off' phase of the gait cycle. Although the fascia is invested with countless sturdy 'cables' of connective tissue called collagen fibres, it is certainly not immune to injury. In fact, about 5 to 10 per cent of all running injuries are inflammations of the fascia, an incidence rate which in the United States would produce about a million cases of plantar fasciitis per year, just among runners and joggers. Basketball players, tennis players, volleyballers, step-aerobics participants, and dancers are also prone to plantar problems, as are non-athletic people who spend a lot of time on their feet or suddenly become active after a long period of lethargy. A recent study found that over 50 per cent of people who suffer from pf are on their feet nearly all day, and many cases of plantar fasciitis seem to occur in 'sofa spuds' shortly after they've made their first trip around their garden with a lawn mower in the spring.

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