61. The Graves' Disease Page http://home1.pacific.net.sg/~choco/

62. History And Epidemiology A Brief History of graves disease. However graves disease is named after the Irish physician who described several cases in London Medical Journal in 1835. http://home1.pacific.net.sg/~choco/history.htm

A Brief History of Graves' Disease The disease was first noted in 1786 by Caleb Hillier Parry 1755- 1822, physician from General Hospital, Bath, England. His account was published posthumously in 1825. However Graves' disease is named after the Irish physician who described several cases in London Medical Journal in 1835. Graves' disease is also known as Parry's disease. In Europe, the disease is known as Basedow's disease. It is the commonest cause of thyrotoxicosis ( the morbid condition due to overactivity of the thyroid gland). The disorder has three major manifestations: hyperthyroidism with diffuse goiter ophthalmopathy and dermopathy The three manifestations need not appear together. Indeed one or two never appear, and moreover, the three may run courses that are largely independent of one another. Epidemiology - the study of the relationships of various factors determining the frequency and distribution of diseases in the community. Question: Who gets Graves' disease? What put us at risk? Graves' disease can occur at any age but is unusual before puberty. It most commonly affects the 30 to 50 year age group. The disease is more frequent in women, the ratio of predominance in women may be as high as 7 : 1.

63. Graves' Patient information site on graves' eye disease (graves' Ophthalmopathy) both management and treatment including orbital decompression surgery. http://www.avclinic.com/graves'_disease.htm

Angeles Vision Clinic The web site has detailed information on many other eye conditions. Please feel free to visit our Home Page or check out other eye conditions on our Eye Conditions page GRAVES' EYE DISEASE OR Infiltrative Thyroid Ophthalmopathy Janet's page Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces a greater than normal amount of hormone. It occurs in a number of diseases, including Graves' disease, toxic goitre, thyroiditis and ingestion of excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. Excessive levels of thyroid hormones give rise to weight loss, rapid hart, tremor, sweating and changes in the nails, skin and hair. Subjectively, a person will notice nervousness, heat intolerance and hart palpitations. Prominent eyes or Proptosis Inability to close eyes Graves' disease is a term used to describe the commonest variety of hyperthyroidism, which is regarded as having an autoimmune basis. Autoimmune disease may be understood as a process by which the body sees some part of itself as being foreign and reacts to it much the same way that it would with any bacteria or virus. In the case of Graves' disease, the body sees the thyroid gland as the foreign object and produces antibodies that attack the thyroid gland. This will often (but not in all cases) cause the thyroid gland to become over active. Graves' eye disease is currently believed to be due to a similar autoimmune reaction. However, in the case of

64. Dr. Koop Dr. Nancy Snyderman explains this disease. http://www.drkoop.com/dyncon/article.asp?at=&id=6459

65. Graves' Disease graves disease. graves disease affects approximately three out of 1,000 people, and is more prevalent in women and in families with a history of the disorder. http://www.abbottdiagnostics.com/Your_Health/Thyroid/Disorders/graves.cfm

Abbott Diagnostics Division Although all information remains accessible via Navigator 4.x browsers, we are considering it an obsolete program from the point of view of our interface design. Please visit if you wish to upgrade your browser. Thank you! Jump to: [ content Abbott Diagnostics Home contact glossary ... Worldwide Graves' Disease For More Information American Thyroid Association Thyroid Foundation of Canada National Graves' Disease Foundation Gland Central ... American Association of Clinical Chemistry (Clinical Chemistry Journal) The Endocrine Society CLIANet (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) Graves' Disease affects approximately three out of 1,000 people, and is more prevalent in women and in families with a history of the disorder. Discovered in 1835 by Robert Graves, affected patients are hyperthyroid (overactive thyroid hormone production). Graves' Disease is an autoimmune disorder in which an as yet unknown immunological defect results in production of autoantibodies to the TSH receptor (TRAb) located on the surface of thyroid cells. These antibodies bind the TSH receptor and stimulate it to overproduce thyroid hormones, resulting in the hyperthyroid state. This activation by TRAbs are not subject to the normal negative feedback loop. Symptoms of Graves' disease include nervousness, irritability, unexplained weight loss, increased appetite, heat intolerance, excessive sweating, rapid pulse, thyroid enlargement, diarrhea, fine tremors in fingers and warm moist skin. About 50 percent of patients also develop ophthalmopathy, characterized by bulging eyes, often with red swollen lids. To a lesser degree, Graves' Disease patients may exhibit slightly bulging eyes and a staring appearance.

66. Graves' Eye Disease (Opthalmopathy) | Thyroid Eye Disese | Graves' Hyperthyroidi Learn about clinical features and treatment for this condition also known as thyroid eye disease (TED) or graves' Opthalmopathy (GO). From the Thyroid Foundation of Canada. http://www.thyroid.ca/Guides/HG07.html

Home I Search I Contact Us I To Join I ... Version française Health Guides on Thyroid Disease #7 Graves' Eye Disease (Ophthalmopathy) Index to this Health Guide Clinical Features Laboratory Test Natural History Treatment ... Long Term Management Graves' eye disease is an eye condition which occurs in about 50% of patients who currently have, or have had, Graves' hyperthyroidism. However, approximately 10% of patients who have this eye disorder never develop hyperthyroidism. The reasons for the association of hyperthyroidism with the eye disease are not completely understood. Graves' eye disease, like Graves' hyperthyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disorder. It is caused by the reaction of antibodies and certain white blood cells called lymphocytes, with proteins in eye muscle and the connective tissue and fat around the eyeball. This condition must be distinguished from the mild eye signs of "poppy" eyes and spasm of the eye lids which occur in most hyperthyroid patients due to an effect of excessive thyroid hormones. Top Clinical Features The characteristic features of Graves' eye disease are symptoms of inflammation of the eye tissues. The eyes are painful, red and watery - particularly in sunshine or wind. The covering of the eye is inflamed and swollen.

67. MayoClinic.com - Graves' Disease If you have graves disease, your body produces too much thyroid hormone, which can speed up your metabolism and lead to numerous health problems. http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00181

68. Abbott Diagnostics - Error 404 - File Not Found Symptoms, classic clinical signs and diagnostics of graves' disease. http://www.abbottdiagnostics.com/medical_conditions/thyroid/disorders/graves.htm

Although all information remains accessible via Navigator 4.x browsers, we are considering it an obsolete program from the point of view of our interface design. Please visit if you wish to upgrade your browser. Thank you! Jump to: [ content Abbott Diagnostics Home contact glossary ... Worldwide File Not Found The requested page was not found at the specified address. Please refer to the sitemap below for a listing of sections and subsections within AbbottDiagnostics.com. Home E-learning E-commerce Feature Story ... Poland Abbott.com Links: About Abbott Our Products Financial Information The News ... We subscribe to the HONcode principles Page last modified: December 5, 2003

69. MayoClinic.com - Graves' Disease graves disease By Mayo Clinic staff Overview graves disease is the most common form of hyperthyroidism. graves disease is rarely lifethreatening. http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00181&

70. Olympian Gail Devers' Thyroid Saga An interview with the Olympic gold medal winner regarding her personal experience dealing with graves' disease. http://thyroid.about.com/library/weekly/aa072300a.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Thyroid Disease Home Essentials ... Need Dr. Right? Find Thyroid Docs Now! zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Basic Info /Thyroid 101 Lose Weight Successfully Get Tested and Diagnosed Hypothyroidism / Hashimotos ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Thyroid Disease newsletter. zau(256,152,100,'hs','http://z.about.com/5/ad/hs.htm?zIhsid=00',''); Search Thyroid Disease Email to a friend Print this page Stay Current Subscribe to the About Thyroid Disease newsletter. Key Resources More About Gail Devers Living Well With Hypothyroidism Thyroid Diagnosis Most Popular 7 Things You Probably Don't Know About Your Thyroid Conditio... Thyroid Disease 101: Basic Information on Hypothyroidism, Hy... Hypothyroidism Risk/Symptoms Checklist Diet and Weight Loss Center for Thyroid Patients / Lose Weig... ... Thyroid 101, Basic Information and Index to Mary Shomon's Ab... What's Hot 10 Signs That You Need a New Doctor Free T3: Understanding Thyroid Lab Tests Could Your Thyroid Be Causing Your Symptoms? Do You have Autoimmune Disease Super Symptoms? ... 7 Things You Probably Don't Know About Your Thyroid Conditio... Olympian Gail Devers' Thyroid Saga From Mary Shomon Your Guide to Thyroid Disease Sign up for my Newsletter by Mary Shomon Institute of Medicine In Devers' case, doctor after doctor failed to recognize the signs of severe Graves' disease, as the Olympic gold medal-winning athlete dropped from 125 to only 87 pounds, suffered debilitating fatigue, lost nearly all her hair, and suffered other symptoms she has described as "traumatic."

71. Hyperthyroidism And Graves' Disease The thionamides, propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole (MMI, Tapazole) also known as antithyroid medications, use as a treatment for graves' disease. http://www.uptodate.com/patient_info/topicpages/ThyroidGlandHome.htm

72. GravesEyeFile Personal account of the progression of graves' Eye disease and surgeries to correct. http://www.geocities.com/sumikolseki/GravesEyeFile.html

My Progression of Thyroid Eye Disease Feb 1999 Sept 1999 Mar 2000 - "sumi, why are you're eyes buggin' out? i think you should go to a doctor..." Aug 2000 -whoa fatty lids Mar 2001 Mar 6th, 2002 - my poor right eye has no where to go :oP Mar 9th, 2002 Mar 18th, 2002 Apr 14th, 2002 May 2002 Graduation Jun 1999 - notice no fatty lids!... Fatty Decompression Surgery performed by the skillful,talented,ingenious,witty, incomparable... Dr. Perry Garber on Mar 6th, 2002. i think i annoyed my doc once cuz i raise my eyebrows when i smile and he needed to take pics for records,insurance,etc... makes my eyes look like they're bigger... *duh* i gotta learn to STOP DOING that! 12-days-post- right-eye-decompression-surgery webcams ROCK dude! ~1 month post-op sumi says, "go visit my buddy Marlene 's page to see her experience with decompression surgery and more..." go visit Mar... go man... just go! how the months just pass... *sigh* still some noticeable proptosis in the right eye. but nice all the same. finally! the hat series :oP

73. Hyperthyroidism/Graves' Disease Comprehensive, annotated links to websites on graves disease, Hyperthyroidism and Thyroid Eye disease, from thyroid guide, Mary Shomon. http://thyroid.about.com/cs/hyperthyrdgraves/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Thyroid Disease Home Essentials ... Need Dr. Right? Find Thyroid Docs Now! zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Basic Info /Thyroid 101 Lose Weight Successfully Get Tested and Diagnosed Hypothyroidism / Hashimotos ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Thyroid Disease newsletter. zau(256,152,100,'hs','http://z.about.com/5/ad/hs.htm?zIhsid=00',''); Search Thyroid Disease Hyperthyroidism/Graves' Disease Guide picks Information on hyperthyroidism, an overactive thyroid, and the autoimmune condition Graves' Disease, and the treatments, including radioactive iodine (RAI), and antithyroid drugs like Tapazole and PTU. Thyroid Disease 101: The First Place to Start Overview of information about thyroid disease, including diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism. Common Questions on Hyperthyroidism Three-part, indepth in-depth Frequently Asked Questions / FAQ on hyperthyroidism and Graves' Disease. Graves' Disease/Hyperthyroidism Checklist A checklist of risk factors and symptoms to use in getting or finetuning your hyperthyroidism.

74. Eye Plastics Home Page Information on graves' ophthalmopathy from EyePlastics. http://www.eyeplastics.com/thyroid_enter.htm

75. Graves' Disease: An Overview graves disease. I am your Guide, From Mary Shomon, Your Guide to Thyroid disease. What is graves’ disease? graves disease is http://thyroid.about.com/cs/hyperthyrdgraves/a/graves.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Thyroid Disease Home Essentials ... Need Dr. Right? Find Thyroid Docs Now! zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Basic Info /Thyroid 101 Lose Weight Successfully Get Tested and Diagnosed Hypothyroidism / Hashimotos ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Thyroid Disease newsletter. zau(256,152,100,'hs','http://z.about.com/5/ad/hs.htm?zIhsid=00',''); Search Thyroid Disease Email to a friend Print this page Stay Current Subscribe to the About Thyroid Disease newsletter. Key Links 10 Things the Dr Won't Tell You Graves' Disease: A Practical Guide FAQ on Graves'/Hyperthyroidism Search for Graves' on About Search for Graves' Disease Info Search for Hyperthyroidism Info Most Popular 7 Things You Probably Don't Know About Your Thyroid Conditio... Thyroid Disease 101: Basic Information on Hypothyroidism, Hy... Hypothyroidism Risk/Symptoms Checklist Diet and Weight Loss Center for Thyroid Patients / Lose Weig... ... Thyroid 101, Basic Information and Index to Mary Shomon's Ab... What's Hot 10 Signs That You Need a New Doctor Free T3: Understanding Thyroid Lab Tests Could Your Thyroid Be Causing Your Symptoms?

76. Joint Program In Nuclear Medicine graves disease. The thyroid abnormalities characteristic of graves disease result from the action of immunoglobulin of the IgG class on the gland. http://www.med.harvard.edu/JPNM/TF94_95/Sept13/WriteUpSept13.html

Graves' Disease Gabriel Soudry, M.D. Kevin J. Donohoe, M.D. September 13, 1994 Case Presentation: A 27 year old female presented with symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism. Thyroid function tests confirmed the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Thyroid scan with uptake was performed to determine the etiology of the hyperthyroidism. Findings: Thyroid scintigraphy (RAO, anterior and LAO views, 14k bytes) shows an enlarged gland with a focal region of decreased uptake in the right lower pole ( thick arrows , 14k bytes). The is visualization of a pyaramidal lobe (thin arrows). The thyroid uptake was markedly elevated at 72%. Because of the hypofunctioning right lower pole nodule, a total right thyroidectomy and a subtotal left thyroidectomy was performed. Pathology showed a follicular adenoma with atypical characteristics and thyroid hyperplasia. Discussion: History: Caleb Hillier Parry, a private practitioner in Bath, England, saw his first patient with a diffuse goiter and hyperthyroidism in 1786. His report of eight patients, however was not published until 1825, which was 3 years after his death (1). In 1835, Robert James Graves in Dublin described the same disease in six pregnant women. The disease was named after him in both the former British empire and in the United States (2). Carl A von Basedow described the disease a third time in three women in 1840 (3) and his name rather than Graves is applied to the disease in Europe. Prevalence: Graves' disease has been estimated to occur in 0.4% of the population of the United States with a lifetime risk of 1%. It is most commonly manifest in the third or fourth decade of life and the female to male ratio is 7:1 to 10:1 in published series.

77. Daisy's Graves' Disease Educational Site A personal site intended for support and education. Information on symptoms, diagnosis, laboratory tests, treatments, graves Ophthalmopathy. http://daisyelaine_co.tripod.com/gravesdisease

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Check out the NEW Hotbot Tell me when this page is updated What is Graves' disease(GD)? Symptoms and Thyroid Storm ... Contact Me Daisy's Graves' Disease Educational Site Welcome to Elaine Moore's personal web site, which is intended for the support and education of patients with Graves' disease and other autoimmune thyroid disorders. Site last updated Feb 22, 2003. Here, you'll learn about the autoimmune nature, treatment, symptoms and diagnosis of Graves' disease, and related topics such as GD in pregnancy and in children, Graves' ophthalmopathy, pretibial myxedema, subclinical thyroid conditions and thyroid lymphoma. And although I haven't yet added all the links to this site, I have several new articles on GD on www.suite101.com See the 2002 Thyroid Testing Guideline recommendations at the NACB Website Join the Graves/Hyperthyroidism board at About.com where I'm the Expert Guest Editor. Join our lively discussions at Mediboard and learn from the experiences of others. ... Effects of chemicals, drugs and environment on thyroid function Who is Elaine Moore? Elaine Moore is a Medical Technologist (MT ASCP) with more than 30 years experience working in hospital laboratories, primarily in Immunohematology and Toxicology. Elaine graduated from the Univ of Toledo and did postgraduate work at the Univ of CO. She is also the author of

78. Hypothyroid Graves' Disease Hypothyroid graves disease. 5. Takasu T, Yamada A, Sato M, et al graves disease following hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto s disease studies of eight cases. http://www.sma.org/smj1997/decsmj97/7text.htm

Hypothyroid Graves' Disease EMIL LESHO, DO, and ROBERT E. JONES, MD, Tacoma, Wash Abstract Background. Spontaneous conversion from hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism has generally been considered uncommon. Methods. Values obtained were serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine, free thyroxine index, radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU), thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI), and thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII). Results. Five patients spontaneously had a minimum of two cycles in thyroid function with extremes of hypothyroxinemia to hyperthyroxinemia. One patient had four documented cyclic shifts in thyroid status. When measurements were obtained in the hyperthyroid phase, all patients had TSI, increased RAIU, and an undetectable TSH. When measurements were done in the hypothyroid phase, all patients had positive TBII but negative TSI. Conclusions. Spontaneous reversal of thyroid function may be more common than previously thought. Clinical features associated with lability of thyroid function were abrupt change in goiter size, exaggerated response to therapy, or the presence of TSH-receptor antibodies. Over the period of observation, which lasted from 6 months to several years, the five patients in our series spontaneously had at least two cycles in thyroid function, with extremes of hypothyroxinemia to hyperthyroxinemia. One patient had four documented cyclic shifts in thyroid status. When tested in the hyperthyroid phase, all patients were found to have TSI, increased radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU), and an undetectable TSH. When tested in the hypothyroid phase, all had thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) but no TSI.

79. The Association Between Cigarette Smoking And Ocular Diseases The association between cigarette smoking and ocular diseases such as graves' Ophthamopathy. From the Hong Kong Medical Journal. http://www.hkmj.org.hk/hkmj/abstracts/v6n2/195.htm

About the HKMJ Subscriptions Reprints Search past issues The association between cigarette smoking and ocular diseases ACK Cheng, CP Pang, ATS Leung, JKH Chua, DSP Fan, DSC Lam Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of smoking on common ocular disorders. DATA SOURCES: Medline literature search, 1966 to 1999. STUDY SELECTION: The following key words were used: smoking; Graves' disease, age-related macular degeneration; glaucoma; cataract. DATA EXTRACTION: Epidemiological and experimental studies were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for cardiovascular, respiratory, and malignant diseases. There is also a strong association between smoking and a number of common eye diseases, which include Graves' ophthalmopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataract. Despite the multifactorial aetiology of these ocular syndromes, smoking is an independent risk factor that has dose-response effects. It causes morphological and functional changes to the lens and retina due to its atherosclerotic and thrombotic effects on the ocular capillaries. Smoking also enhances the generation of free radicals and decreases the levels of antioxidants in the blood circulation, aqueous humour, and ocular tissue. Thus, the eyes are more at risk of having free-radical and oxidation attacks in smokers. CONCLUSION: Smoking, if continued, may perpetuate further ocular damage and lead to permanent blindness. Cessation of smoking and avoidance of passive smoking is advised to minimise the harmful effects of smoking on the eyes.

80. Graves Disease Diary that discusses diagnosis and treatment of graves by a graves patient. http://valkyrie.aarg.net/graves.html

Friends with Graves Elaine Elaine is the author of Graves Disease, A Practical Guide. Elaine also has regular articles published at Suite 101 Pam Pam is a faithful contributor to the support group at Yahoo! Groups here is another great group at the Mediboard Network. Reading List Graves Disease: A practical Guide By: Elaine Moore The Thyroid Solution By Dr. Ridha Arem Buddhism Without Beliefs: A Contemporary Guide to Awakening By: Stephen Batchelor Useful Resources Mary's Shomon's Thyroid site on about.com Amercian Autoimmune Related Diseases Association" Elaine's column at Suite 101 Welcome to my new site, it has a better look and I have finally been able (mentally etc.) to face the work of the overhaul. I haven't got my personal Graves Disease Journal up here yet, but I am working on getting that back as well. To read the old site and my journal go here This site is meant to be a gateway. There is SO MUCH information about Graves Disease and I can not put it all here. I am just hoping to provide a place to start. One thing is, if you have been diagnosed, your best weapon is reading, reading and more reading! Any knowledge that you can gather about how this disease works and how to treat will help you in the long run. The doctors that generally treat Graves are called Endocrinologists. Many times they specialize in Diabetes, so they may not have all the newest information about Graves. This disease is not simple and it may be up to you to help educate your Doctor so you can receive the best treatment possible. This disease (and many others I'm sure) require that you be proactive in the healing process.

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