21. F2G - Leaders In Antifungal R&D Startup company that specialises in the research and development for new treatments for serious fungal infections in man. Provides profile, technology overview, news and contact for career opportunities. http://www.f2g.com/

22. EMedicine Dermatology : FUNGAL INFECTIONS - Online Medical Textbooks And Physici Back to Dermatology fungal infections. Dermatology fungal infectionsArticles. Actinomycosis, (CME available). Aspergillosis, (CME available). http://www.emedicine.com/derm/FUNGAL_INFECTIONS.htm

Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: Dermatology > Fungal Infections Dermatology - Fungal Infections Articles Actinomycosis (CME available) Aspergillosis (CME available) ... Institutional Subscribers

23. Fungal Infections Of The Skin And Skin Structures A general overview of clinical nomenclature for fungal infectionsof hair, nail, skin and subcutaneous tissues is presented. http://www.doctorfungus.org/mycoses/human/other/skin_index.htm

Mycoses Introduction Human Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural The Fungi Introduction Descriptions Synonyms Image Bank Lecture Bank Video Bank Drugs Introduction Medical Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Laboratory Introduction Susceptibility MIC Database Procedures Histopathology Tools Introduction Abbreviations Links CME Conference Highlights Bibliography Glossary Good Books Events Calendar About Us Introduction Our Mission Editorial Board Editorial Staff Supporters Contributors Developers Legal Stuff This page updated: 1/7/2004 10:33:06 AM Site built and designed for doctorfungus by Webillustrated You are here: Mycoses Introduction Human Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Navigate this section from here: Select a Fungal Infection Aspergillosis Blastomycosis Candidiasis: General Overview Candidiasis: Invasive Forms Overview - Arthritis - Asymptomatic Colonization - Biliary - Candidemia - Candidemia and Catheters - Cardiac - CNS: General - CNS: Neurosurgery-related - Chronic Candidiasis - Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis - Cutaneous - Empirical Therapy: Neonates - Empirical Therapy: Neutropenic - Empirical Therapy: Non-Neutropenic - Endophthalmitis - Esophagitis - Four Forms of Invasive Candidiasis - Hepatosplenic - Neonatal - Onychomycosis (Nail infections) - Oropharyngeal - Osteomyelitis - Pancreatic - Peritonitis - Peritonitis: Dialysis-related - Peritonitis: Gut injury-related - Pneumonia - Urinary: General - Urinary: Asymptomatic funguria - Urinary: Fungus balls - Vulvovaginitis Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcosis - CNS Cryptococcosis

24. MayoClinic.com - Nail Fungal Infection Nail fungal infections account for about half of all nail disorders. Nailfungal infections may be difficult to treat, and they may recur. http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00084

25. Medinfo: Thrush Medinfo's easy to understand, generic information about thrush, the widely used term for common fungal infections caused by Candida albicans. http://www.medinfo.co.uk/conditions/thrush.html

index search health books site map Thrush Thrush is the widely used term for a common fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. Usually this takes the form of trivial vaginal or mouth infections, although it can affect the body more widely and seriously on rare occasions. Symptoms Vaginal Thrush This causes itch and a cheesy discharge. The area is often redder than usual. It is often painful too, especially on intercourse, and may be associated with frequency of passing water and burning or pain on passing water. It may, therefore be confused with bladder infections ( cystitis ). Thrush, however is usually associated with itching, which cystitis is not. Oral Thrush This may cause a sore mouth and throat, and as well as redness, it is characterised by white discharge on the surface. Babies, especially those being bottle fed, may suffer from this, as well as adults. Nappy rash One cause of a persistent nappy/diaper rash is infection of the area with thrush. Causes The cause is a fungus which is found widely in nature (Candida albicans), and indeed, is frequently present in the mouth and motions of people in good health. It seems that it is at periods when the defence mechanisms are down that it actually causes a problem. This can be when physically or mentally "run down", in women either pregnant or on the oral contraceptive pill, in diabetes and people either on steroids, or whose immune systems are suppressed.

26. Fungal Infections sinus tracts at site of inoculation, white, brown, yellow or black granules in exudatethat are fungal colonies. D. Systemic mycoses infections that originate http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/fungi.htm

TO GO BACK TO MY Fungi and Human Disease Humans have a high level of innate immunity to fungi and most of the infections they cause are mild and self-limiting. This resistance is due to: 1. the fatty acid content of the skin, 2. the pH of the skin, mucosal surfaces and body fluids, 3. Epithelial cell turnover, 4. Normal flora, 5. Transferrin, 6. Cilia of the respiratory tract. When fungi do pass the resistance barriers of the human body and establish infections, the infections are classified according to the tissue levels initially colonized. A. Superficial mycoses - infections limited to the outermost layers of the skin and hair. Disease Etiological Agent Symptoms Identification of Organism Pityriasis versicolor Malassezia furfur hypopigmented macules Spaghetti and meatballs appearance of organims in skin scrapings. Tinea nigra Exophiala werneckii black macules Black, 2-celled oval yeast in skin scrapings Black piedra Piedraia hortai black nodule on hair shaft black nodule on hair shaft composed of spore sacs and spores White piedra Trichosporon beigelii creme-colored nodules on hair shaft white nodule on hair shaft composed of mycelia that fragment into arthrospores B. Cutaneous mycoses

27. Fungal Infections This website offers information on fungal infections of the skin, their causesand. Skin Structure. Have you ever experienced a fungal infection? http://www.fungal-infections.info/

Contact About Us Sitemap Deutsch supported by Did you know that our skin consists of many different layers? This complex makeup enables the skin to fulfil very varied tasks and functions. It is a very large, versatile and flexible organ that has a direct influence on the entire body. Skin Structure Have you ever experienced a fungal infection? Infections are not particularly dangerous, but very unpleasant. Typical symptoms are reddening, scaling, formation of blisters, as well as itching and burning sensations. Fungi are persistent and need to be treated quickly. Skin Infections Clotrimazole is a modern broad spectrum antifungal which inhibits ergosterol synthesis, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. When ergosterol is lacking the cell membrane gets damaged, leading to the destruction of the fungus. How does Clotrimazole work?

28. The Body: Fungal Infections In HIV Disease Research and articles on fungal infections, at The Body, the most comprehensiveAIDS/HIV resource on the Internet. The Body The HIV/AIDS Authority. http://www.thebody.com/treat/candida.html

Fungal Infections in HIV Disease Got questions on the effects of HIV on your oral health ? The Body's expert dentist, Dr. David Reznik , is pleased to answer your questions! The Basics Prevention Treatment Research See also: Other Oral Manifestations of HIV The Basics Oral Health and HIV (Winter 2003/2004) To read PDF, click here In Bulletin of Experimental Treatments for AIDS , from San Francisco AIDS Foundation Candidiasis (Thrush) (October 3, 2003) To read PDF, click here From New Mexico AIDS InfoNet CD8s and Candida (May 6, 2003) In STEP Ezine , from Seattle Treatment Education Project Systemic Candidiasis (February 2003) To read PDF, click here From Project Inform Treatment Issues for Women: Yeast Infections (Vaginal Candidiasis) (November 2002) From AIDS Community Research Initiative of America Fungal Infections (February 21, 2002) A Simple Facts Sheet from AIDS Treatment Data Network (July 2001) In HIV Treatment ALERTS!, from The Center for AIDS: Hope and Remembrance Project Fungus Among Us (May/June 2001) In Positively Aware , from Test Positive Aware Network HIV and the Mouth (January 2001) From Project Inform Vaginal Candidiasis (January 2001) From Project Inform Oral Candidiasis (Thrush) (November 2000) From Project Inform Candidiasis Update (April 2000) In PI Perspective , from Project Inform Candidiasis and HIV (February 1998) An excerpt from the comprehensive on-line textbook of HIV disease from the University of California - San Francisco and San Francisco General Hospital From HIV InSite Candida Esophagitis (Winter 1995)

29. Project Inform Perspective -- Number 29 -- April 2000 P E R S P E C T I V E Number 29 April 2000 A Publication of ProjectInform. Treating and Preventing fungal infections Naturally. There http://www.thebody.com/pinf/apr00/fungal.html

P E R S P E C T I V E Number 29 April 2000 A Publication of Project Inform Treating and Preventing Fungal Infections Naturally There is a strong connection between what you eat and the health of your immune system. Nevertheless, nutritional approaches to prevent and treat conditions like candidiasis (fungal, yeast infections) are complicated and controversial. While there isn't a magic recipe that prevents or treats yeast infections in everyone, following some basic guidelines may lower the risk of yeast becoming a problem. Most nutritionists agree that sugar, yeast, dairy, wheat, caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are the main culprits because they help yeast to grow. In people with healthy immune systems, the body is usually able to fight off the excess yeast made by these products. But for people with weakened immune systems, yeast can grow out of control, leading to certain kinds of fungal infections, like oral or vaginal candidiasis, or more seriously, esophageal (in the throat/esophagus) candidiasis. To prevent this, nutritionists recommend eating as little as possible of these foods that contribute to the excess production of yeast. Another approach is to eat larger amounts of foods that may suppress the growth of yeast. For example, garlic is believed by some nutritionists to have natural antifungal properties and may help to prevent candidiasis. Fresh garlic is considered best, although commercial garlic "pills" offer the advantage of reduced odors. Fresh garlic can be mixed into other foods, eaten raw after removing the dry outer skin, or minced and put into empty gelatin capsules, up to six cloves a day.

30. Fungal Infections In Dogs Sometimes fungal infections of the skin occur because there is an underlying problem,such as an immune mediated disease (discoid lupus, phemphigus) and biopsy http://www.vetinfo.com/dfungal.html

Please note: The information on our site is for everyone to read. Please use it as often as you like. However, Ask Dr Mike is available only to subscribers of our Vetinfo Digest. Please do not send questions if you are not a subscriber. Please use the search engine or one of the indexes to see if the information you need is already online. Please see Subscriber info for details. Subscriber Info The income from the subscriptions helps defray the cost of maintaining the site and allows us to keep the large amount of information on www.vetinfo .com free to our readers. Fungal Infection in Dogs Histoplasmosis Fungal nose infection - Miconazole nitrate Blastomycosis Blastomycosis ... Aspergillosis also see Infectious Disease also see Ringworm Histoplasmosis Question: My five year old schnauzer was diagnosed in September with histoplasmosis. I was told if he could make it two weeks with taking itracanozol he might have a chance. It is now December and we are well on our way. His blood count has gone from 19 to 36, a metriculicite count (spelling). Are still on the medicine twice a day. My question is in regard to how

31. Medicines To Treat Fungal Infections Medicines to treat fungal infections. Medications, Manufacturer, Mainuse. Abelcet, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, fungal infections. Abtrim http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/subindex.asp?id=22

32. Virtual Hospital: Fungal Infections Of The Sinuses, Introduction fungal infections of the Sinuses. 8/5/97 final pathology from 8/3 of ethmoid mucosashowed invasive fungal infection, however, the species was unspecified. http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/otolaryngology/fungalinfections/

For Providers Fungal Infections of the Sinuses Editor: Thomas J. Boeve, M.D. Department of Otolaryngology The University of Iowa Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed First Published: 1997 Last Revised: May 2002 Introduction Basic Mycology Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations of Fungal Sinusitis ... Case Reports Introduction In 1978, Titche presented a search of 110 cases, including 25 cases from the Sudan, where a particularly aggressive form of the disease was seen. Aspergillus flavus was the most common cause. Fungal sinusitis has emerged as a more vital health problem in modern times because of increased travel into and out of endemic areas, immune deficient states such as AIDS, immunosuppression for transplantation and from chemotherapy, and the more prevalent use of long-term, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Poorly-controlled diabetes remains a problem. However, improved means of clinical detection and laboratory diagnosis have more clearly identified affected individuals. Mycology Fungi are found mainly in air, dust, soil, plants, and decaying organic matter. They adhere to dust particles and are inhaled and deposited on the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. The warm, moist environment of the upper respiratory tract is an ideal environment for the proliferation of these organisms. However, they are rarely pathogenic because host resistance is high except under favorable growth conditions in highly susceptible individuals. Fungi are closely related to bacteria. They possess a unique property called dimorphism, meaning that they may exist both as a spore form and as a branching, mycelial form, depending on environmental conditions. There is a wide range of morphologic types. The presence or absence of segmentations or septa of the hyphae often distinguishes the species. The hyphae branch like a tree from a central stem or from a common node such as Rhizopus. The terminal buds may exhibit a spherical sporangia or are arrayed in clusters like the conidiophores of Aspergillus. These fungi grow best on Sabouraud's agar. They are, however, difficult to grow and it may take weeks to produce identifiable colonies. The most commonly seen mycotic organisms in the Western world are Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus, and Alternaria.

33. Virtual Hospital : Health Topics A-Z : Fungal Infections Health Topics AZ fungal infections. Adult Pulmonary Core Curriculum Chronic CavitaryHistoplasmosis fungal infections of the Sinuses For Adult Patients. http://www.vh.org/navigation/vh/topics/adult_provider_fungal_infections.html

Health Topics A-Z Fungal Infections All Topics Adult Patient Topics Adult Provider Topics Pediatric Patient Topics ... Pediatric Provider Topics For Adult Providers Adult Pulmonary Core Curriculum: Chronic Cavitary Histoplasmosis Fungal Infections of the Sinuses For Adult Patients Aging Begins at 30: When Fungi Invade All Topics Adult Patient Topics Adult Provider Topics ... UI Health Care Home http://www.vh.org/navigation/vh/topics/adult_provider_fungal_infections.html

34. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 10, Ch. 113, Fungal Skin Infections recently, griseofulvin was the most widely used systemic antifungal drug, but itsuse as firstline treatment of cutaneous fungal infections is decreasing with http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section10/chapter113/113a.jsp

35. THE MERCK MANUALSECOND HOME EDITION, Introduction In Ch. 197 Consequently, fungal infections usually begin in the lungs or on the skin. Somefungal infections are more common in certain geographic areas. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual_home2/sec17/ch197/ch197a.jsp

36. Fungal Infection Information At IVillage.com fungal infections, delivered to your desktop! Sign up here. message boardson fungal infections get advice and support from other women. http://www.ivillage.com/topics/health/0,,233641,00.html

var cimsCid = '233641'; var cimsUid = ''; // Tacoda category stamp var dartCatStamp = "netw_netwtopics_netwmain"; Tacoda_AMS_DDC_addPair("dartCatStamp", dartCatStamp); main iVILLAGE'S BEST: setImp('spn,prpl,bnav,0604') Summer Shape Up Self-Tanning Tips setImp('spn,yh,pers,bnav,0604') What Men Think Infertility Treatments SEARCH: iVillage the Web you are here: iVillage.com health infectious diseases fungal infections fungal infections Yahoo! Personals setImp("spn,yh,pers,iv,fourthcol_fs"); Advanta Volvo Small Business Safety Center ... Mental Health FAMILY HEALTH RESOURCES Choose one 10-Minute Checkups Alternative Treatments Ask the Librarian Birth Control A-to-Z Disease Action Plans Drug Directory Expert Advice Health Calculator Health Organizations Herbal Remedies Kids' Symptom Solver Supplement Guide Symptom Solver Tests and Procedures Wellness Diets TOP 100 WOMEN'S HEALTH CONCERNS Choose one Acupuncture Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Androgen Anxiety Disorders Asthma Atherosclerosis Attention Deficit Bacterial Vaginosis Biofeedback Bipolar Disorder Birth Control Pills Blood Donation Breast Cancer Caregiving Cervical Cancer Chiropractic Chlamydia Cholesterol Chronic Fatigue Clinical Trials Colon Cancer Contraception Depression Diabetes Dry Eye Syndrome Eating Disorders Endometriosis Epilepsy Estrogen Fibroids Fibromyalgia Fitness Flu/Colds Gastroesophageal General Women's Health Genetic Testing Genital Herpes Glaucoma Gonorrhea HIV/AIDS Health Insurance Heart Disease Hepatitis High Blood Pressure Homeopathy Human Papillomavirus Hypnosis Hysterectomy Incontinence Infertility

37. Postgraduate Medicine: Superficial Fungal Infection Of The Skin Preview What people gain in warmth and protection from use of occlusive clothingand shoes they may pay for in the form of cutaneous fungal infections. http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/2001/01_01/zuber.htm

Superficial fungal infection of the skin Where and how it appears help determine therapy Thomas J. Zuber, MD; Kavitha Baddam, MD VOL 109 / NO 1 / JANUARY 2001 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To become familiar with the various presentations of superficial cutaneous fungal infections To recognize the many nonfungal infections that make up differential diagnosis To understand the most effective treatment approaches to superficial fungal infections The authors disclose no financial interests in this article. This page is best viewed with a browser that supports tables. Preview : What people gain in warmth and protection from use of occlusive clothing and shoes they may pay for in the form of cutaneous fungal infections. Warm, moist conditions can promote growth of numerous organisms or allow fungal infection to develop over another disorder of the skin or nails. In this article, the authors describe the usual appearance of tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea versicolor, tinea capitis, tinea faciei, tinea manuum, cutaneous candidiasis, and onychomycosis. They also summarize differential diagnosis of similar-appearing lesions and discuss management options for each of the fungal infections. Zuber TJ, Baddam K. Superficial fungal infection of the skin: where and how it appears help determine therapy. Postgrad Med 2001;109(1):117-132

38. Postgraduate Medicine: Fungal Skin Infections In Children Fungal skin infections in children. Preview Recognizing the common manifestationsof pediatric fungal infections is a key part of any primary care practice. http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/2001/07_01/berg.htm

Fungal skin infections in children New developments and treatments Daniel Berg, MD; Paul Erickson, MD VOL 110 / NO 1 / JULY 2001 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To identify the tools commonly used to diagnose pediatric fungal infections To recognize common manifestations of pediatric fungal infections To understand the most effective treatments for common pediatric fungal infections The authors disclose no financial interest in this article. This is the fourth of four articles on critters and kids. This page is best viewed with a browser that supports tables. Preview : Recognizing the common manifestations of pediatric fungal infections is a key part of any primary care practice. Of paramount importance is the clinical acumen of the physician. In this article, Drs Berg and Erickson discuss several types of fungal infections in children, identify tools for diagnosis, and outline the most effective options for treatment. Newer "off-label" therapies are also examined. Berg D, Erickson P. Fungal skin infections in children: new developments and treatments. Postgrad Med 2001;110(1):83-94 F ungal skin disorders are common and represent a significant component of any primary care practice that involves children. Fungi are ubiquitous organisms capable of colonizing almost any environment, including virtually all humans. They grow in irregular masses and can be broadly divided into two basic forms: molds and yeasts. Molds are made up of long, multinucleated filaments, or hyphae, that grow continuously at the apical tip. By comparison, yeasts spend the main phase of their life cycle as a unicellular organism, and they usually reproduce by budding.

39. Alzheimer’s, Epilepsy, Pain, Schizophrenia And Other Disease, Product And Corpo fungal infections Introduction Skin Mouth and oesophagus Vaginal Lung Questions and answers The weird and wonderful world of fungi. http://www.janssen-cilag.com/disease/item_detail.jhtml?file=c_05_fungal

40. Nail Fungal Infections (Onychomycosis) Nail fungal infections (Onychomycosis) _. http://www.sfsu.edu/~shs/skinclinic/nail.htm

Nail Fungal Infections (Onychomycosis) HOME After Hours Care Contact Us General Information ... What's New? Description: Nail fungal infections deserve special mention. Why? Because of their high prevalence (15-20%) and the relatively recent introduction of high-tech drugs which make the previously-untreatable treatable. Patients with early toenail infection notice white or yellow discoloration of the nail. As infection progresses the nail becomes brittle and debris begins to collect under the distal nail. Advanced infections usually demonstrate extreme thickening of the nail plate and some loss of nail adhesion, making it easy for the nail to snag and come off, sometimes painfully so. When infection of the fingernail(s) occurs, the nail usually takes on a moth-eaten appearance. Diagnosis: Other disorders like psoriasis and eczema can cause nail changes that mimic fungal infection, so it is recommended that the fungal cause be confirmed by examining some nail scrapings under the microscope or by plating them on special culture media. Causes: Nail infections are caused by several types of fungi though most are caused by a specific skin fungus (dermatophyte) known as T. rubrum. This is the same organism that causes most athlete's foot, which is discussed separately. Studies show a surprising genetic susceptibility to this infection. If a parent has toenail fungus, then you may get it given the right circumstances.

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