1. MedlinePlus: Fungal Infections Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on fungal infections •General • Histoplasmosis • Sporotrichosis. fungal infections. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/fungalinfections.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Fungal Infections Contents of this page: From the NIH General/Overviews Diagnosis/Symptoms Prevention/Screening ... Information from the Medical Encyclopedia Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Fungal Infections: General Histoplasmosis Sporotrichosis You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Athlete's Foot Candidiasis Tinea Infections Infections From the National Institutes of Health Microbes in Sickness and in Health (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) General/Overviews Mycotic Disease Listing (National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases) Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Mycoses (National Institutes of Health) Diagnosis/Symptoms Blood Cultures (American Association for Clinical Chemistry) FDA Clears Rapid Test for Aspergillus Infection (Food and Drug Administration) Skin Rashes and Other Changes (American Academy of Family Physicians) Prevention/Screening Fungus Infections: Preventing Recurrence (American Osteopathic College of Dermatology) Research Antifungal Drug Helps Kids with Immune Disorder Avoid Hospitalization (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Live Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Fungal Disease (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Specific Conditions/Aspects Aspergillosis Blastomycosis Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcosis ... Fungal Infections of Fingernails and Toenails (American Academy of Family Physicians)

2. Dr. Fungus: Fungi, Fungus, Fungal Includes images and information, how fungi infect people, animals, and plants and how fungal infections are treated with antifungal drugs. http://www.doctorfungus.org/

- Select a category - The Fungi Mycoses Drugs Laboratory About Us Welcome to Doctor Fungus, your on-line reference to all things mycological! Fungi can cause a wide variety of infections. In People In Animals In Plants Yeast infections ... (Chronic Candidiasis) As reported in IRINnews.org Date: May 25, 2004 KENYA: Death toll from contaminated grain rises to 51 The grain had been contaminated with aflatoxin, a poisonous fungus that grows on cereals harvested or stored under damp conditions. As reported in Washington Post Date: May 19, 2004 Scientists Try to Avert Fatal Oak Fungus It's called sudden oak death, and it has killed thousands of oaks on the Pacific Coast, infected dozens of other plant varieties and scientists and horticulturists fear could be making its way to the East. View News Archive New! What fungus causes mycosis fungoides? Answer You see the word for filamentous fungus written as both 'mold' and 'mould.' Which is correct? Which species name has been associated with the most different genera? Answer More Mycology Factoids September 9 - 11, 2004

3. Virtual Hospital: Infectious Diseases Of The Central Nervous System: Parenchymal Medical information on cerebral abscesses, syphilis, parasitic infections, fungal infections, viral infections, and CJD. http://www.vh.org/Providers/TeachingFiles/CNSInfDisR2/Paren.html

For Providers Infectious Diseases of the Central Nervous System Parenchymal Infections Gary Baumbach, M.D., Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Contents Cerebral Abscess Syphilis Parasitic Infestations Toxoplasma Malaria Cysticercosis Trypanosomiasis Amebiasis Fungi Viruses Arboviruses and Rickettsia Poliomyelitis ... Title Page See related Provider Textbooks about Neurology or Pathology See related Provider Topics Abscesses Bacterial Infections Brain and Nervous System Brain Diseases ... Pathology or Viral Infections See related Patient Textbooks about Neurology or Pathology See related Patient Topics Bacterial Infections Brain and Nervous System Brain Diseases Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease ... Pathology or Viral Infections Virtual Hospital Home Virtual Children's Hospital Home Site Map ... UI Health Care Home http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/pathology/CNSInfDisR2/Paren.html

4. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Fungal Nail Infection Fungal nail infection. fungal infections include moldlike fungi that cause Fungalinfections also include yeast-like fungi (such as Candida). http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001330.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Fungal nail infection Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Nail infection, candidal Alternative names Return to top Nails - fungal infection; Onychomycosis; Infection - fungal - nails Definition Return to top This disease is an infection of the nails by a fungus. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top The body normally hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. Some of these are useful to the body. Others may multiply rapidly and form infections. Fungi can live on the dead tissues of the hair, nails, and outer skin layers. Fungal infections include mold-like fungi that cause: athlete's foot jock itch ringworm tinea capitis Fungal infections also include yeast-like fungi (such as Candida). Candida yeast infections include: diaper rash oral thrush cutaneous candidiasis some cases of genital rashes Fungal nail infections are most often seen in adults. They often follow

5. Fungal Infections Here are some common types of fungal infections Jump to another sectionof this article fungal infections Why Do Kids Get fungal infections? http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/skin/fungus.html

KidsHealth Kids Kids' Health Problems Skin What do you think of when you hear the word fungus? Do you think of mushrooms? A mushroom is one type of fungus. But did you know that when it comes to your body, the term fungus refers to a type of germ that lives on all of us? This germ is harmless most of the time, but sometimes it can cause a problem. The problem is called a fungal infection (say: fun -gal in- fec -shen). It does sound gross, and some people are embarrassed when they get this type of infection. But remember, a fungus rarely spreads below the skin and it's usually easy to treat, so it doesn't stick around for long. What Is a Fungal Infection Fungi (say: fun -guy), which is more than one fungus, can be found on different parts of the body. Here are some common types of fungal infections: Tinea (say: tin -ee-uh) is a type of fungal infection of the hair , skin, or nails . When it's on the skin, tinea usually begins as a small red area the size of a pea. As it grows, it spreads out in a circle or ring. Tinea is often called "ringworm" because it may look like tiny worms are under the skin (but of course, they're not!). Because the fungi that cause tinea (ringworm) live on different parts of the body, they are named for the part of the body they infect. Scalp ringworm is found on the head, and body ringworm affects arms, legs, or the chest. Athlete's foot is another type of fungal infection that usually appears between the toes but can also affect the bottom or sides of the feet.

6. Medicis.com | The Dermatology Company Manufactures prescription products for the treatment of dermatologic, pediatric and podiatric conditions including acne, asthma, eczema, fungal infections and hyperpigmentation. http://www.medicis.com/

7. Fungal Infections Why Do Kids Get fungal infections? Lots of kids get fungal infections. Takingantibiotics can also cause some kids to get a fungal infection. http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/skin/fungus_p2.html

KidsHealth Kids Kids' Health Problems Skin Why Do Kids Get Fungal Infections? Lots of kids get fungal infections. Kids love to share and hang out together. Some of these infections are extremely contagious (say: con- tay -juss), which means they easily spread from person to person. Touching someone that has tinea, or doing something as simple as sharing a comb or hairbrush, can spread the fungus from one person to another. Because fungi need a warm, dark, and humid place to grow, public showers, pools, locker rooms, and even the warmth of shoes and socks can give fungi the perfect opportunity to strike. When a kid walks around barefoot or doesn't change sweaty socks, there's also a chance of infection. Taking antibiotics can also cause some kids to get a fungal infection. Antibiotics get rid of germs that make us sick, but they can also kill many of the "harmless" bacteria in our body. These harmless bacteria normally fight with the fungus for a place to live, but when antibiotics kill them, the fungus is free to grow. That's why it's important to listen to your doctor about antibiotics. Sometimes, a fungus may infect kids if they have an immune system disorder (this means their bodies can't fight certain types of infections). This is rare, but it does happen.

8. Welcome To DermatologyChannel - Your Dermatology Community Information regarding a variety of diagnosis, including acne, birthmarks, fungal infections, and Psoriasis. http://www.dermatologychannel.net/

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement CONDITIONS Acne Alopecia (Baldness) Birthmarks Blistering Disorders ... Blood Vessel Disorders Dermatitis (Eczema) Follicle Disorders Fungal Infections Lyme Disease ... Viral Infections RESOURCES Anatomy Clinical Trials Links MDLocator ... What Is a Dermatologist? ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials Healthcommunities.com works to raise the quality of consumer health care information services. Our goal is to empower you with accurate, trustworthy information that will help you make important health care decisions. Board-certified physicians develop and monitor the content on dermatology channel to ensure that we meet that goal. Conditions Find clearly explained, medically accurate information regarding conditions, including an overview, symptoms, causes, diagnostic procedures, and treatment options. MDLocator MDLocator is a search function designed to help you locate a dermatologist. Cancer Profiler Interactive decision support tools that enable patients and their physicians to make better-informed treatment decisions using information from evidence-based, peer-reviewed medical literature. NewsFocus Read about recent developments in health care.

9. Vicuron Pharmaceuticals Biopharmaceutical company focused on the marketing, development and discovery of pharmaceutical products for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. (Nasdaq VERS). http://www.versicor.com/

Vicuron is a transatlantic biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development, manufacture and commercialization of vital medicines for hospital-based infectious diseases in North America and Europe Vicuron Pharmaceuticals Receives Approvable Letter from FDA for Anidulafungin For the Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis Requesting Additional Data Vicuron Completes Enrollment in Phase III Clinical Trials of Dalbavancin for Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Vicuron Pharmaceuticals Announces First Quarter 2004 Financial Results More news > Friedman Billings Ramsey 8th Annual Growth Investor Conference (06/02/04, 4:10PM EDT) Click to listen > Pacific Growth Life Sciences Growth Conference (06/09/2004) More events > Legal. Site Users Guide

10. Fungal Infections Patient Information Fungal skin infections patient information. DermNet dermatologists. Home Patient information fungal infections. Fungal skin infections. http://www.dermnetnz.org/dna.fungi/

11. Hollis-Eden Pharmaceuticals Discovers, develops and commercializes products to treat diseases caused by viral, bacterial, parasitics or fungal infections. (Nasdaq HEPH). http://www.holliseden.com/

@import "scripts/style.css"; This site was built to comply to Web authoring standards, and is best viewed in a standards-compliant browser. You may download one free from or Microsoft . You do not need to download a new browser, however, to have complete access to all information in this site. June 02, 2004 (updated 5/25/2004) Home Contact Us Glossary Site Map ... Legal Notices Search GO COMPANY HOME CEO CORNER STATEMENT OF PHILOSOPHY ... SUBMIT RESUME PRESS RELEASES May 19, 2004 Hollis-Eden Pharmaceuticals to Present at the UBS 2004 Global Specialty Pharmaceuticals Conference May 07, 2004 Hollis-Eden Announces Financial Results for First Quarter 2004; Names Two New Nominees to the Company's Board of Directors May 05, 2004 May 03, 2004 Hollis-Eden Pharmaceuticals Announces Conference Call and Webcast to Review First Quarter 2004 Financial Results March 15, 2004 Hollis-Eden Announces Financial Results for Fourth Quarter and Year-End 2003 March 10, 2004 Hollis-Eden Pharmaceuticals Announces Conference Call and Webcast to Review Year-End 2003 Financial Results RELEVANT NEWS Tuesday, May 25, 2004

12. Treatment Of Fungal Infections. DermNet NZ Treatment of fungal infections information for patients. NZ DermNet isan Treatment of fungal infections. Treatment of fungal infections. http://www.dermnetnz.org/dna.fungi/tofi.html

@import url("/common/screen.css"); DermNet NZ Ad: Authoritative facts about the skin from the New Zealand Dermatological Society Home For patients For doctors ... Site map Search: Home Treatments Treatment of fungal infections General measures Reducing reinfection Topical antifungal medications Oral antifungal medications The trade names of the medications sold in New Zealand are given in parentheses. General measures Correct predisposing factors where possible. Keep the affected skin clean and dry. Wash daily. Take care to dry between the toes and in the skin folds; use a hair dryer if necessary. Use your own towel. Carefully clean the shower or bath using bleach. Hot wash socks, towels, bathmats at a temperature of at least 60C. Regularly wash floors where you walk bare foot. Antiseptics Dequalinium chloride lozenges for oral candidiasis Di-iodohydroxyquinoline for vulvovaginal candidiasis To reduce reinfection Fungal spores can survive long periods. To reduce the chance of reinfection: Do not share towels, sheets or personal clothing. Avoid walking bare foot where others may tread - wear jandals, sandals or aquasocks at the public pools and sports changing rooms.

13. Department Of Medical Microbiology Information about the tasks of the Department, which include teaching, research, laboratory diagnosis of bacterial and fungal infections, and external quality control in medical microbiology for Switzerland. http://www.unizh.ch/imm/

Gloriastr. 30/32 PO Box Switzerland Tel: ++41-1-634-2700 FAX: ++41-1-634-4906 Home Deutsch Teaching Research Diagnostics ... "Links" The Department (Institute) of Medical Microbiology is part of the School of Medicine of the University of Zurich. The tasks of the Department include teaching, research and laboratory diagnosis for bacterial and fungal infections. Research Activities Mechanisms of host-pathogen-interaction Molecular basis of bacterial pathogenicity Biochemical and genetic basis of resistance to antimicrobial agents Molecular diagnostics Teaching Teaching is offered to third-year medical, dental and microbiology students of the University of Zurich as well to second-year pharmaceutical students of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. Diagnostics Diagnostic divisions are accredited by the Swiss Accreditation Service of the Swiss Federal Office of Metrology and Accreditation (ISO 17025) under the accreditation number 266. The institute is responsible for organizing a quality control scheme. The scheme is open to clinical microbiological laboratories.

14. Simple Facts Sheets: Fungal Infections fungal infections. Thrush is the most common and least serious fungal infectionin HIV+ people. Cryptococcal meningitis is a very serious fungal infection. http://www.aegis.com/factshts/network/simple/fungal.html

a Simple Facts Sheet from the AIDS Treatment Data Network fungal infections Thrush is the most common and least serious fungal infection in HIV+ people. It can affect the mouth, throat, skin, stomach, and vagina. In a person with a weakened immune system, thrush can cause more serious problems. This condition is sometimes called candidiasis, because the germs that cause it are called candidiasis albicans. Other types of fungus have been discovered, however, so it may be necessary to try different drugs besides the ones that are used now. Some medications, such as antibiotics, steroids, and cancer medications, may cause thrush. Oral Thrush (in the mouth) looks like white or red patches. It can cause sore throat, pain when swallowing, and nausea. It can also take away your appetite, make eating painful, and make food taste different. Treatments for oral thrush include mouthwash and tablets called troches. Some people try baking soda or hydrogen peroxide mixed with water to rinse the mouth. If the thrush is advanced, this isn't likely to work. Treatments for thrush include clotrimazole, fluconazole, and ketoconazole. These drugs have different brand names. These drugs sometimes lose their effects when taken for long periods of time, but new ways to use these drugs, and new drugs are being studied. Vaginal candidiasis is a common yeast infection of the vagina. A yeast infection may be the first sign that a woman is HIV+. Symptoms include severe itching, burning, and a thick discharge, often white in color. It is possible that an infection such as unrecognized TB may be causing a vaginal yeast infection. Nystatin tablets are used for treatment. Clotrimazole ointment is another treatment, which is sold over-the-counter as Gyne-Lotrimin, Lotrimin, or Mycelex. Studies have shown that HIV-negative women may only have to take the drug DiFlucan one time to treat this condition. Always consult with your doctor before beginning treatment.

15. (ATDN) Fungal Infection Overview A recently completed study that compared clotrimazole to fluconazoleto prevent fungal infections showed that fluconazole was m. http://www.aegis.com/pubs/atdn/1995/atr01812.html

ATDN) Fungal Infection Overview Treatment Review #18; April 1995 A recently completed study that compared clotrimazole to fluconazole to prevent fungal infections showed that fluconazole was more effective, particularly in people with 50 or fewer T4 cells. In addition, fluconazole was shown to reduce the frequency of cryptococcal meningitis, esophageal candidiasis , and superficial fungal infections. We updated the following fungal infection fact sheet to include this new information. It is still not recommended that all people take preventive treatment for fungal infections due to the possibility of resistance to treatment. Thrush is the most common and least serious fungal infection in HIV+ people. It can affect the mouth, throat, skin, stomach, and vagina. In a person with a weakened immune system, thrush can cause more serious problems. This condition is sometimes called candidiasis, because the germs that cause it are called candida albicans. Other types of fungus have been discovered, however, so it may be necessary to try different drugs besides the ones that are used now. Some medications, such as antibiotics, steroids, and cancer medications, may cause thrush. Oral thrush (in the mouth) looks like white or red patches. It can cause sore throat, pain when swallowing, and nausea. It can also make you not want to eat, make eating painful, and make food taste different. Treatments for oral thrush include mouthwash and tablets called troches. Some people try baking soda or hydrogen peroxide mixed with water to rinse the mouth. If the thrush is advanced, this isn't likely to work. Treatments for thrush include clotrimazole, fluconazole, and ketoconazole. These drugs have different brand names. These drugs sometimes lose their effects when taken for long periods of time, but new ways to use these drugs, and new drugs are being studied.

16. ADAP Drugs: Ketoconazole Used to treat fungal infections. (Nizoral) http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/keto.html

ketoconazole (Nizoral) Drug description Ketoconazole is used to treat fungal infections . Off-label use is for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Ketoconazole in pill form is used for systemic treatment of thrush. Pill form is more convenient than topical ointment because you only need to take one pill a day. You must have regular blood tests because ketoconazole can damage your liver. Ketoconazole is less expensive but less effective and more toxic than fluconazole Side effects Ketoconazole can suppress hormone production, including testosterone, especially at high doses over a long time. Ketoconazole must be used cautiously if you have a history of liver disease. Hepatitis is the most dangerous side effect of this drug. Antacids and other drugs that increase gastric pH may decrease absorption. Additive liver toxicity can occur if used in combination with other liver toxic agents such as alcohol. You may experience nausea and vomiting. Ketoconazole should not be taken with the antihistimine Seldane (also known as terfenadine). Together they can lead to dangerously irregular heartbeats. Dosage Ketoconazole comes in pill, ointment and shampoo forms. Adults take 200-400 mg/day in a single dose. Children older than 2 years take 3.3-6.6 mg/kg/day in a single dose. Topical 2% cream is applied 1-2 times daily. Apply enough ointment to cover affected and surrounding areas and rub in gently. Shampoo is applied twice weekly for 4 weeks waiting at least 3 days between treatments.

17. Clinical Updates In Fungal Infections Clinical Updates in fungal infections Index. Volume I, Issue 4 fungal infectionsin Immunocompromised Hosts Focus on Epidemiologic Aspects of Infection; http://www.nfid.org/publications/clinicalupdates/fungal/

Supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Pfizer, Inc. Clinical Updates in Fungal Infections Index Volume III, Issue 2 - Principles in the Evaluation and Treatment of Candiduria in Adults Volume III, Issue 1 - Practical Suggestions on the Treatment of Candidemia Volume II, Issue 2 - New Antifungal Agents: Emphasis on Lipid Formulations of Amphotericin B Volume II, Issue 1 - Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects of Unusual Fungal Nosocomial Infections Volume I, Issue 4 - Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts: Focus on Epidemiologic Aspects of Infection Volume I, Issue 3 - Antifungal Drug Resistance: A Focus on Candida Back to C LINICAL ... PDATES

18. Sporanox - You Can Have Healthy Nails Again! from Janssen Pharmaceutica. Treatment information for fungal infections of toenails and fingernails. http://www.sporanox.com

Legal Notice If you are feeling embarrassed or concerned about the way your nails look, this Web site offers you valuable information. Keep reading to learn about the signs and symptoms of fungal nail infection, the health problems it may cause, and what to do if you have it. Learn how to care for your nails and how an effective treatment called Capsules may help return nails to a healthy state. Janssen.com Site Map Site Feedback This page was last updated on: 11/7/03 11:14 AM EST

19. Clinical Updates In Fungal Infections Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects of Unusual Fungal Nosocomial Infections. arethe second most common cause of hospitalacquired fungal infection. http://www.nfid.org/publications/clinicalupdates/fungal/noso.html

Supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Pfizer, Inc. Volume II, Issue 1 - January 1999 Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects of Unusual Fungal Nosocomial Infections During the past few decades, advances in medical technology and the development of new diagnostic and treatment approaches have increased the life expectancy of critically ill patients. The global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has resulted in an increase in severely ill immunocompromised hospitalized patients, accompanied by more reports of fungal infections. The most common fungal pathogens associated with invasive disease in humans are opportunistic yeasts (e.g., Candida albicans ) or filamentous fungi (e.g., Aspergillus spp.). Fungi previously thought to be nonpathogenic for humans or only sporadically associated with human disease, such as Candida (except albicans Fusarium Trichosporon , and Malassezia spp., are emerging as important nosocomial fungal pathogens ( Table 1 ). These pathogens are associated with increasing morbidity and mortality. The emergence of these organisms and antifungal-resistant fungi, especially those that are azole-resistant, poses an important challenge to the clinician. Epidemiology National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System data show that fungi account for 9% of all nosocomial infections ( Table 2 ). From 1980 through 1990, the nosocomial fungal infection rate increased from 2.0 to 3.8 infections per 1,000 patient discharges. The most common fungi reported were

20. ADAP Drugs: Flucytosine Used to treat serious fungal infections caused by Candida or Cryptococcus. (Ancobon, 5FC) http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/flucy.html

flucytosine (Ancobon, 5FC) Drug description Flucytosine is used to treat serious fungal infections caused by Candida or Cryptococcus. Cryptococcus usually infects the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, causing cryptococcal meningitis. Cryptococcal meningitis is usally treated with intravenous amphotericin B . Sometimes a doctor will use a combination of amphotericin B and flucytosine to try and bring the cryptococcal infection under control more quickly. However, recent studies show that this combination may be no better than amphotericin B alone due to the side effects of flucytosine. Other new studies have shown that the combination of flucytosine and another antifungal drug, fluconazole , may be just as effective as intravenous amphotericin B at treating cryptococcal meningitis. Flucytosine and fluconazole are both pills. Side effects Bone marrow toxicity can cause anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia and, rarely, agranulocytosis and eosinophilia. Other side effects can be nausea, vomiting, anorexia, bloating, diarrhea, and, rarely, bowel perforation. Reversible elevations in liver enzymes have been reported. Occasionally, rashes may be a side effect. Some side effects that have only been seen very rarely are confusion, hallucinations, headaches, sedation, vertigo and liver enlargement.There has also been a case of severe allergic-type reaction to the drug in at least one person with AIDS. This type of reaction is called anaphylaxis. Dosage The usual dosage of flucytosine for adults and children is 50-150mg/kg daily, administered in equally divided doses at 6 hour intervals.

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