81. Len Andersen Injection of liquid oxygen into the reservoir results in combustion. This creates fractures and heat, increasing oil production. http://lenandersen.com

Call Ask Len! Len Andersen At Toronto stle.org Meeting 15 to 22 May. No Calls, Mail, Message Got Through To Him Yet Indicating Seeing Him There! Home 800-428-4801 Injected Liquid Oxygen Contact Info Brochures Field Welding System Brochures Wet Welding System Brochures Motor Oil Services Brochures Len's Personal Info Len Andersen Locator Question and Answer LOX Injection len@lenandersen.com / Synthetic Motor Oil / Welding Sticks / Petroleum Services / Engineer PO BOX 1529 / NYC 10116 Ask Len! Engineer spe.org / aws.org / stle.org POB 1529 / New York, NY 10116 weld@spemail.org Call Ask Len!

82. The Peter Gurney Guinea Pig Pages - Fractures fractures. fractures where the bone could be shattered inside the leg or stick out through the skin have be treated by a veterinary surgeon. http://www.oginet.com/pgurney/fractures.htm

Fractures. The only kind of fractures I would attempt to treat, and I have treated many of them with complete success, are Simple, and Green stick ones in the legs. In both, the skin is not broken. I never use any kind of splint but bind the leg with paper tissue then put micropre tape around it. I leave it on for a couple of weeks, by which time the bone will have knitted. Fractures where the bone could be shattered inside the leg or stick out through the skin have be treated by a veterinary surgeon. Unless you are experienced in palpating for the first two fractures and can treat them yourself, you must get a proper diagnosis made by a vet. It may be necessary to X ray the access the full extent of the damage. If the vet puts on his or her solemn face and chants the familiar mantra, when presented with an injured small animal, 'Oh it would be kinder to put it down,' ask him or her if he would do the same in the case of a human being and seek a second opinion. Though some of these more serious fractures can leave the guinea pig with a crooked leg, after treatment, it always a gets along very well, so it is well worth going to a vet who is willing to do the job. However, there are cases when the only option is to remove the leg. This is an expensive operation but I have absolutely no quarrel with the veterinary profession about this. It is a difficult operation, high expertise is required, expensive equipment needed and postoperative care is costly. Indeed I have nothing but praise for the veterinary surgeons who take this work on for they are putting as much value upon the guinea pigs life as they would upon any other animal's. It is a sad fact that many vets are not as professional as this.

83. Osteopenia: Definition, Prevention And Treatment Recommended books for osteoporosis and osteopenia prevention and treatment. May also be helpful for other defective bone conditions such as osteomalacia, rickets, pectus excavatum, pectus carnitum, fractures and scoliosis. http://www.ctds.info/osteopenia.html

Con nective Tissue Disorder Home Search Site Map ... Links Osteopenia Top books for prevention and treatment. Includes a definition of what it means compared to osteoporosis. Contents: Osteopenia - Overview Book Reviews Medical Definitions of Osteopenia, Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis and Rickets Read my Overview When my doctor pointed out that I was at high risk for osteopenia because of my history of scoliosis and my thin build, I started reading everything I could about osteopenia and osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Out of the many books I looked at that are currently available on the subjects, the books reviewed below are the ones I found the most helpful. In the book Food and Our Bones the author focuses on osteoporosis, but she also also discusses bone health and bone density in general. The book Preventing and Reversing Osteoporosis is also intended for people with osteoporosis, but since it covers a variety of bone density treatment factors such as diet, exercise programs, magnesium, calcium, vitamin K, vitamin D and zinc, it should also be valuable reading for people with any bone-related health condition such as osteopenia (a precursor condition to osteoporosis), osteomalacia and rickets.

84. MSNBC - B Vitamins May Reduce Osteoporosis Fractures Other Health News. B vitamins may reduce osteoporosis fractures. Folic acid helps lower homocysteine levels, studies find. The Associated http://msnbc.msn.com/id/4962767/

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money document.write('') Web Search: logoImg("http://sc.msn.com"); MSNBC News Alerts Newsletters Help ... MSNBC Shopping Search MSNBC: Advanced Search   RESOURCE GUIDE Buy Life Insurance Yellow pages expedia.com Shopping ... Small Business Tips Other Health News B vitamins may reduce osteoporosis fractures Folic acid helps lower homocysteine levels, studies find The Associated Press Updated: 8:46 p.m. ET May 12, 2004 Folate and other B vitamins seem even more of a wonder drug than anyone suspected: Already known to prevent severe birth defects and heart attacks, they may also ward off broken bones from osteoporosis, two major studies suggest. advertisement The findings underscore doctors’ longstanding recommendation that people take multivitamins. They could also further support the government’s decision to require bread and cereal makers to fortify their products with folate, also known as folic acid. B vitamins are known to reduce levels of homocysteine, an amino acid already linked, at high levels, to an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and Alzheimer’s disease. Now research shows high levels of homocysteine at least double the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures. A report from Holland found that the risk of such fractures was twice as high in men and women with homocysteine levels in the top 25 percent, compared with those with lower levels. Similarly, a U.S. study found the risk nearly quadrupled in the top 25 percent of men and nearly doubled in the top 25 percent of women, compared with the 25 percent with the lowest levels.

85. Encyclopaedia Topic : Fractures, Section : Introduction NHS Direct Online Health Encyclopaedia. fractures. Search. Help. Such a fracture is called a pathological fracture. fractures may affect any bone in the body. http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/en.asp?TopicID=204

86. Traitement Chirurgical Ostéoporose, Docteur Yves Cirotteau : Osteoporosis Surge Informations pour le grand public sur le traitement chirurgical des fractures du col du f©mur li©es   l'ost©oporose   l'aide de visplaque et de biomat©riau. Egalement CV, activit©s de recherche et liste des publications de l'auteur, Dr Yves Cirotteau. http://www.osteoporosis-surgery.com

Traitement chirurgical de l'Ostéoporose Traitement chirurgical des fractures du col du fémur liées à l'ostéoporose à l'aide de vis-plaque et de biomatériau. Technique opératoire conçue par le Docteur Yves Cirotteau. L'ostéoporose est une maladie générale qui atteint et détruit le squelette. Il existe plusieurs traitements : le Traitement chirurgical curatif et Traitement chirurgical préventif Plusieurs conséquence de l'ostéoporose : La fracture du poignet, La fracture vertébrale, La fracture de la hanche. Ostéoporose Traitement chirurgical de l'Ostéoporose Traitement chirurgical des fractures de l'Ostéoporose Docteur Yves Cirotteau ... Entrez Dernière mise à jour : 3 mar 2004 Résolution optimale : 1024x768 Site réalisé par

87. Fractures - The Term Fracture Refers To A Break In The Bone BUPA health factsheet fractures usually occur as a result of an accident, find out the common symptoms and treatment. fractures. How do fractures happen? http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/html/Fractures.html

search home services health information ... BUPA Products and services Health insurance Financial protection Hospitals Care homes ... International cover Visitor interest areas Individuals Business Intermediaries Health professionals ... BUPA members Facilities finder Find local health and fitness facilities World of BUPA BUPA services around the world at bupa.com health information ABC of health Fractures Published by BUPA's Health Information Team February, 2003 Download this factsheet A broken bone is known as a fracture. This can simply be a crack or buckle in the structure of the bone, or a complete break, producing two or more fragments. How do fractures happen? Bone has tough structure and is normally able to tolerate strong forces, but bones can be fractured if they suffer direct impact or if they are exposed to strong twisting or bending. This can happen as a result of a fall or collision. Elderly people are at increased risk of fractures because they tend to be more prone to falls and have reduced bone strength. Children are also more likely to have falls and accidents, which can result in a fracture, partly because they are less aware of hazards. The structure of bone Bone is a living tissue, made up of cells that produce a hard, crystalline compound of mineral salts, mainly calcium phosphate. This gives the bone its strength and hardness. Increasing amounts of these minerals are deposited in bone during childhood and puberty, progressively increasing the density of bone. Maximum bone density is reached when a person is in their 30's.

88. Arctic Ice Shelf Fractures Climate Change Fingered As Unique Lake Arctic ice shelf fractures. In spring of last year, large fractures suddenly appeared; by that August the shelf had broken in two. http://www.nature.com/nsu/030922/030922-8.html

89. Wrist Fractures, By Mr G J Packer fractures of the wrist by Orthopaedic Surgeon Mr G J Packer details the causes and treatments of wrist fractures. http://www.wristfracture.co.uk

Introduction This web site has been authored by Mr G J Packer, an Orthopaedic Surgeon specialising in wrist injuries, and is intended as a source of information and communication for other medical consultants, healthcare professionals and for patients. The presentation has been organised into several sections accessed via the links to the left. To see the full presentation on one page, please click here Fractures of the Wrist Fractures of the wrist are very common injuries. Around one quarter of all patients in a fracture clinic will have suffered a fracture of the wrist. The usual cause of a fracture of the wrist is a fall. The person falling tries to break their fall by putting the hand out to save themselves and in doing so the wrist is forced backwards (figure one). Figure one: A fall onto the outstreched hand is the usual cause of fractures of the wrist joint. Click here to view a larger version The break usually occurs about 2.5cm from the wrist joint at the point where the radius (the largest of the two bones of the forearm) starts to narrow from the broad and relatively soft (cancellous) bone forming the joint to the hard (cortical) bone of the shaft of the radius (figure 2). Figure two: How and why wrist fractures occur.

90. WebHealthCentre.com - First Aid fractures. A fracture is a complete or partial breakage of a bone. Management of fractures The aims of First Aid here are To prevent further damage; http://www.webhealthcentre.com/general/fa_fract.asp

Home About Us Feedback Help ... Suffocation Drowning Drowning Strangulation Choking Swelling within the throat ... Poisoning Fractures First Aid kits Fractures A fracture is a complete or partial breakage of a bone. Fractures may be: Simple, where the broken ends of the bone do not cut open the skin Compound, where the broken end of the bone may be in contact with the external air Complicated, where in addition to the fracture an important internal organ may also be injured. A complicated fracture may also be simple or compound. Signs and Symptoms of a Fracture Pain at or around the site of the fracture. Tenderness (pain on gentle pressure) over the area. Do not press hard. Swelling over the area with discoloration. Loss of normal movements of the affected part. Deformity of the limb may be caused. The limb may lose its normal shape and there may be apparent shortening of the limb. If, as in the leg bone, the break is just under the skin, the irregular outline of the bone can be felt easily. When one end of the broken bone moves against the other, a crackling sound may be heard. This is called crepitus (grating). This should never be elicited by the person giving First Aid.

91. MayoClinic.com - Hip Fracture Article on this common type of fracture, from the Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.com/home?id=DS00185

92. Fractures In Cheese fractures in cheese. Area An adult need not be present. Overview Learn how fractures grow by pulling on a piece of cheese. Equipment http://www.madsci.org/experiments/archive/871082838.Es.html

MadSci Network Edible/Inedible Experiments Archive Fractures in cheese Area of Science: Earth Sciences Meant for at least Grade K-3 (age 5-7). This experiment is edible. An adult need not be present. Overview: Learn how fractures grow by pulling on a piece of cheese Equipment: Pre-sliced American cheese (the smooth, unnaturally yellow stuff that comes individually wrapped in plastic) works best Safety: Don't eat the cheese if you're lactose intolerant! How to do the experiment: First, take a slice of cheese and pull on the edges. It should tear apart. Eat it. Get a new slice. Now, make a small incision in the middle of the cheese slice with your fingernail or a butterknife, parallel to the edge of the cheese slice. Then pull on the two cheese edges parallel to the incision (so that you're pulling in a direction perpendicular to the incision). Watch how the small defect you've introduced into the cheese slice concentrates the tearing. Observe the shape of the propagating fracture, especially the pointed tips where the tearing is taking place, and how the fracture tips move faster as the fracture gets bigger. Eat the torn up slice and get a new one. Now try repeating this, only this time make two incisions near the middle of the cheese, maybe about an inch apart, and make them offset diagonally from each other (see picture below). Now when you pull on the cheese, fractures will begin to propagate from each of these defects. As the tips of these fractures begin to propagate past each other, they will begin to curve toward each other, and eventually link up into a single fracture.

93. A Des Moines Orthopaedic Surgeons Iowa, Orthopedic Doctors Orthopedic doctors and sports medicine doctors, providing services for bone fractures and broken bones, total hip and total knee replacement surgery. http://www.dmos.com

Welcome to the Des Moines Orthopaedic Surgeons website! DMOS West 6001 Westown Parkway West Des Moines, IA 50266 Tel: 515-224-1414 Fax: 515-224-5140 Toll Free: 800-245-6129 DMOS East 1301 Penn Ave., Suite 213 Des Moines, Iowa 50316 Tel: 515-263-9696 Fax: 515-263-0233 Toll Free: 800-688-3980 DMOS Carroll 405 S Clark Street, Suite 250 Carroll, IA 51401 Tel: 712-792-2093, Fax: 712-792-2096 Toll Free: 877-284-1428 The Pain Management Center and MRI Imaging Center are located at DMOS West. DMOS is Central Iowa's premier Orthopaedic medical and surgical practice. We hope you will visit our web site often to get the most current information. Click here to "meet" our surgeons. Photos and background vitae are available to help you get acquainted We are the team Orthopaedic Surgeons for the DM Menace and the DM Buccaneers Des Moines Orthopaedic Surgeons DMOS West 6001 Westown Parkway West Des Moines, IA 50266

94. Boston.com / News / Nation / Research Finds New Risk For Fractures Research finds new risk for fractures. Amino acid cited; vitamins urged. Osteoporosis results in more than 1.5 million fractures each year in the United States. http://snipurl.com/6css

Today's Globe Politics Opinion Magazine ... Nation Research finds new risk for fractures Amino acid cited; vitamins urged May 13, 2004 Researchers have identified a significant new risk factor for fractures in people with osteoporosis high levels of an amino acid that typically result from eating too little of certain nutrients. ADVERTISEMENT Parallel studies conducted in Boston and the Netherlands found that people with high levels of homocysteine had double to quadruple the risk of suffering fractures, according to the papers published today in the New England Journal of Medicine. Although researchers have yet to prove that the fractures are caused in part by high homocysteine levels, they suggest that seniors may be able to lower their levels and potentially lower their risk of fractures by eating more green leafy vegetables and fortified grains that contain folic acid, as well as vitamins B-6 and B-12. Other measures already proven to reduce the risk of osteoporosis are taking vitamin D and calcium, and increasing weight-bearing exercise. Osteoporosis results in more than 1.5 million fractures each year in the United States. "It's safe to say that seniors should take a multivitamin," said Dr. Douglas Kiel, director of medical research at the Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged and the senior author of the Boston paper. "But we don't recommend that everyone go out and get their homocysteine checked."

95. AAOS - Fractures Information on fractures from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/brochure/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=9&topcategory=Ab

96. Pelvic Fractures Search the Orthoteer Site Pelvic fractures. Classifications. 1. Tile’s Classification (Tile, M. Pelvic Ring fractures Should They Be Fixed? http://www.orthoteers.co.uk/Nrujp~ij33lm/Orthpelvfrac.htm

Go Back to SYLLABUS Find in this Page: enter a search term and hit 'enter' (may take a few seconds) Search the Orthoteer Site: Pelvic Fractures Pelvic fractures are the main cause of death in multiple trauma patients. Anatomy Pelvic ring stability is provided by: Iliolumbar ligs. Dorsal sacroiliac ligaments sacrotuberous ligs Ventral sacroiliac ligs. sacrospinous ligs Posterosuperior interosseous ligs. Classifications Tile’s Classification (Tile, M.: Pelvic Ring Fractures: Should They Be Fixed? J. Bone Joint Surg., 70B:1-12, 1988) TYPE A - Stable A1—Fractures of the pelvis not involving the ring A2—Stable, minimally displaced fractures of the ring TYPE B - Rotationally unstable, vertically stable B1—Open book B2—Lateral compression: ipsilateral B3—Lateral compression: contralateral (bucket-handle) TYPE C - Rotationally and vertically unstable C1—Rotationally and vertically unstable C2—Bilateral C3—Associated with an acetabular fracture (J Trauma. 30:848-56. 1990) stability can be judged by fracture pattern, direction of the force of injury, and by knowledge of pelvic ligamentous anatomy.

97. Prevention Sciences Group: Home Confederation of health scientists conducting research on the prevention of AIDS, osteoporotic fractures, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, health and aging. http://psgweb.ucsf.edu

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98. Scapula Fractures Scapula fractures. Scapula fractures = 1% of all fractures. Due to high energy trauma. EXTRAARTICULAR SCAPULA fractures. Most can be managed non-operatively. http://www.orthoteers.co.uk/Nrujp~ij33lm/Orthscapulafrac.htm

Go Back to SYLLABUS Find in this Page: enter a search term and hit 'enter' (may take a few seconds) Search the Orthoteer Site: Scapula fractures Scapula fractures = 1% of all fractures Due to high energy trauma. Causes: R.T.A. - 60% Fall from height - 20% Others - 20% Associated Injuries: Clavicle fractures 15 - 40% Rib fractures 25 - 50% Pulmonary injuries 15 - 55% Humeral fractures 12% Brachial Plexus 5-10% Skull fractures 25% Lower Limb fractures 11% Major Vascular injury 11% Splenic lacerations 8% EXTRA-ARTICULAR SCAPULA FRACTURES Most can be managed non-operatively. Indications for surgery: depressed acromion fractures that encroach on the subacromial space and interfere with rotator cuff function extra-articular # of scapular neck plus coracoid, acromion or clavicle #. SCAPULA NECK FRACTURES Many series report good range of motion and function in follow-up of neck fractures. Gagney et al.(1984) found a good result in only 1 of 12 displaced fractures. They thought that the injury would "disorganize the coracoacromial arch" and recommended open reduction. Hardegger et al. (1984) believed that the amount of displacement and stability depends on the presence of an associated fracture of the clavicle or a coracoclavicular ligament tear. The altered glenohumeral-acromial relationship results in "functional imbalance" of the Superior Suspensory Complex of the shoulder (SSCS). They recommended open reduction and scapular fixation of this fracture.

99. Index Page Specializing in the treatment of sports injuries, fractures, joint replacement, arthritis, and other joint disorders. Includes staff and history. http://www.orthoabilene.com/

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100. Works ON fractures. IN TREATING fractures and dislocations, the physician must make the extension as straight as possible, for this is the most natural direction. http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/h/h7w/fracture.html

Hippocrates Works translated by Francis Adams ON FRACTURES 12. The leg consists of two bones, of which the one is much more slender than the other at one part, but not much more slender at another. These are connected together at the foot, and form a common epiphysis, but they are not united together along the line of the leg; and at the thigh they are united together and form an epiphysis, and this epiphysis has a diaphysis; but the other bone in a line with the little toe is a little longer. Such is the nature of the bones of the leg. 17. But if the other bone (fibula?) of the leg be broken, less powerful extension is required, and yet it must not be neglected, nor be performed slovenly, more especially at the first bandaging. For in all cases of fracture this object should be attained then as quickly as possible. For when the bandage is applied tight while the bones are not properly arranged, the properly arranged, the part becomes more painful. The treatment otherwise is the same. 21. The swellings which arise in the ham, at the foot, or in any other part from the pressure, should be well wrapped in unscoured and carded wool, washed with wine and oil, and anointed with cerate, before bandaging; and if the splints give pain they should be slackened. You may sooner reduce the swellings, by laying aside the splints, and applying plenty of bandages to them, beginning from below and rolling upward; for thus the swellings will be most speedily reduced, and the humors be propelled to the parts above the former bandages. But this form of bandaging must not be used unless there be danger of vesications or blackening in the swelling, and nothing of the kind occurs unless the fracture be bound too tight, or unless the limb be allowed to hang, or it be rubbed with the hand, or some other thing of an irritant nature be applied to the skin.

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