1. Eosinophilia An eosinophil is a type of white blood cell. Eosinophils are produced in the bone marrow and are normally found in the bloodstream and the gut lining. They contain proteins that help the body to http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/eosinophilia.htm

NetDoctor.co.uk Home News and features News Newsletter Features Encyclopaedia Diseases Examinations Medicines Premium services SMS services StayQuit thediet Health centres Allergy and asthma Children's health Depression Eczema ... All health centres Discussion and support Discussion forums Support groups Services Ask the doctor Find a hospital Search Medline Test yourself Information About NetDoctor Commercial opportunities NetDoctor.com Eosinophilia M Y Karim , lecturer in immunology What are eosinophils? An eosinophil is a type of white blood cell. Eosinophils are produced in the bone marrow and are normally found in the bloodstream and the gut lining. They contain proteins that help the body to fight infection from parasitic organisms, such as worms. But in certain diseases these proteins can damage the body. What is eosinophilia? The term eosinophilia refers to conditions in which abnormally high amounts of eosinophils are found in either the blood or in body tissues. When does eosinophilia occur?

2. Definition For:Eosinophilia eosinophilia. Chapter 2 The condition of having an absolute (compared to a relative) increase in the number of eosinophils in the circulating blood. http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/pathology/ed/keywords/kw_eosinoph2.html

Eosinophilia Chapter: 2 The condition of having an absolute (compared to a relative) increase in the number of eosinophil s in the circulating blood. The absolute number is obtained by multiplying the percentage of eosinophils times the white blood cell count. See Also Eosinophil (Chapter 2) Eosinophil cationic protein (Chapter 2) Eosinophilic Pneumonia: (Chapter 12)

3. National Eosinophilia Myalgia Syndrome Network A nonprofit organization dedicated to helping EMS survivors and their families by offering educational information and peer support. NEMSN is also committed to encouraging research to improve treatment for L-tryptophan-induced EMS and to increasing awareness of the cause and effects of the disease. http://www.nemsn.org/

Announcements Home Page Symptoms To Donate to NEMSN ... Current Health Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome was first recognized in 1989 in New Mexico. Three women sought medical help for a mysterious, undiagnosable condition whose symptoms were marked by debilitating muscle pain and a high Eosinophilia count (a type of white blood cell that is usually found when a toxin or parasitic infection is present). It was eventually discovered that all of the women had one thing in common: they had been taking L-tryptophan, a health food supplement sold as a sleep aid. The tainted product was traced back to Showa Denko Inc, a Japanese company, that had been cutting corners in their purification procedure to reduce their manufacturing costs. Additionally, they were experimenting with genetically engineered bacteria in order to accelerate and increase the efficiency of their production process. As a result, contaminated batches of L-tryptophan were placed on the market. Within three months, 37 people died and over 1500 were permanently disabled from using this product. By early 1990, officers of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the sale of all over the counter L-tryptophan dietary supplements because it was found to be the common link in the EMS cases. Research was conducted to discover the cause of this illness. By using high performance liquid chromatography, an unidentified impurity, called "peak E" was found in batches of L-T as well as nearly 60 other contaminants. These batches were traced back to one manufacturer, Showa Denko KK (SDKK), one of Japan's largest petrochemical companies.

4. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Simple Pulmonary Eosinophilia (Loeffler's Synd Adam.com defines this disorder, its causes, incidence and risk factors. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000105.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Simple pulmonary eosinophilia (Loeffler's syndrome) Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Lungs Respiratory system Alternative names Return to top Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia; Eosinophilic pneumonia; Loeffler's syndrome Definition Return to top Simple pulmonary eosinophilia is characterized by abnormal chest X-ray findings. These vary the abnormality may appear in one part of the lung at one time, but the next X-ray may show no pathology or a problem in a different part of the lung. The abnormal X-rays are accompanied by a rise in the number of eosinophils (a type of white blood cell that is probably involved in allergies) in the blood. The disease usually clears up without treatment. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Simple pulmonary eosinophilia appears to be caused by an allergic reaction. A common cause is the migration of the parasitic worm Ascaris lumbricoides through the respiratory tract. Proteins on the surface of the worm probably incite this allergic reaction.

5. Postgraduate Medicine: A Practical Workup For Eosinophilia A practical workup for eosinophilia. You can investigate the most likely causes right in your office. Malcolm L. Brigden, MD. eosinophilia in children. http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1999/03_99/brigden.htm

A practical workup for eosinophilia You can investigate the most likely causes right in your office Malcolm L. Brigden, MD VOL 105 / NO 3 / MARCH 1999 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To summarize effective history taking and physical examination to disclose the cause of eosinophilia To tabulate the likelihood of causes of eosinophilia on the basis of severity To present a practical and cost-effective approach to management of patients with an increased eosinophil count This page is best viewed with a browser that supports tables Preview : Underlying disorders that can cause increased eosinophil count range from simple hay fever to a malignant tumor. In this article, Dr Brigden summarizes where to start in evaluating a patient with this finding and how to proceed cost-effectively. He discusses risks that can be ascertained through history taking (eg, travel, occupational exposure to allergens) and provides lists of likely causes based on the degree of eosinophilia. He also tabulates commonly used drugs capable of precipitating allergic reactions with eosinophilia, characteristics of pulmonary eosinophilic syndromes, and common parasitic infections that might be the culprit. T oday's sophisticated hematologic instruments, which provide automated five-part white blood cell differential counts, are identifying many new, often unanticipated, cases of eosinophilia (1). It is preferable to record the eosinophil count as an absolute count rather than a percentage, because the numbers depend on the total cell count. The upper range of the absolute eosinophil count probably extends to 0.65 X 10

6. HealthCentral - Pediatrics Encyclopedia - Acute Pulmonary Eosinophilia (Loeffler Acute pulmonary eosinophilia (Loeffler s syndrome). Alternative names pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia; Loeffler s syndrome; eosinophilic pneumonia http://www.healthcentral.com/peds/top/000105.cfm

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7. Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome Symptoms Symptoms of eosinophiliaMyalgia Syndrome (EMS). Symptoms of EMS in its Various Stages from Acute to Chronic. Please see Bibliography at end of List. http://www.eosinophilia-myalgia.net/symptoms.htm

Symptoms of Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome (EMS) Symptoms of EMS in its Various Stages from Acute to Chronic Please see Bibliography at end of List Symptoms Often Found in the Acute Phase of EMS (early months; onset) Please remember that this list is not meant to be absolutely representative of all cases at this stage. EMS is a diverse disease which manifested in different ways in people. However, certain symptoms tended to appear frequently in the acute stage, though not in all persons. Also, it's possible other symptoms appeared in some persons at this point in the disease not listed here. I am not an expert. Please see references at end. Eosinophilia (elevated levels of eosinophils , a type of white blood cell; sometimes was not tested, so was missed; may be possible that some persons got EMS but did not have eosinophilia) Myalgia (muscle pain) Swelling (edema) of the face or extremities or other areas of the body, such as the arms Weight changes (gain followed by loss; or just loss; or perhaps just gain) Hair loss (scalp and body hair; tended to grow back later though not always a complete return to normal)

8. Non Allergic Rhinitis Information about nonallergic types of rhinitis, including infectious rhinitis, hormonal rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES), certain types of occupational rhinitis, gustatory and drug-induced rhinitis. http://www.jcaai.org/Param/Rhinitis/Complete/non_allergic_rhinitis.htm

13. Nonallergic rhinitis is characterized by sporadic or persistent perennial symptoms of rhinitis that do not result from IgE-mediated immunopathologic events. Examples of nonallergic rhinitis are infectious rhinitis, hormonal rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES), certain types of occupational rhinitis, and gustatory and drug-induced rhinitis. The differential diagnosis of nonallergic rhinitis is extensive. The mechanisms in each are poorly understood. Nonallergic rhinitis with inflammatory cells present in the mucosa can be classified by inflammatory cell type. Nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) is characterized by nasal congestion and prominent nasal eosinophilia. (see summary statement #15) The mechanism of the eosinophil infiltration is not known. Eosinophilia is also prominent when nasal polyps are present, but again the mechanism of eosinophil recruitment is not known. Subjects with aspirin sensitivity have nasal eosinophilia. Aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiin-flammatory drugs (NSAIDs) block cyclooxygenase activity, and shunt arachidonic acid to the 5-lipoxygenase pathway that increases production of the potent proinflammatory cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC , LTD , and LTE Neutrophilic infiltrates usually indicate the presence of bacterial rhinosinusitis, especially when humoral immunodeficiency or ciliary dysmotility are present. LTB

9. EMedicine - Eosinophilia : Article By Daniel R Lucey, MD, MPH eosinophilia In this chapter, the term eosinophilia is defined as an increase in peripheral blood eosinophilic leukocytes to more than 450 cells/mL of blood. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic685.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Hematology Eosinophilia Last Updated: February 19, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: eosinophilic leukocytes, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, HES, CHINA, Ascaris lumbricoides, AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 8 Author Information Introduction Clinical Workup ... Bibliography Author: Daniel R Lucey, MD, MPH , Chief, Fellowship Program Director, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington Hospital Center; Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Coauthor(s): Palaniandy Kogulan, MD , Fellow, Department of Infectious Diseases, Washington Hospital Center, George Washington University Daniel R Lucey, MD, MPH, is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha , and American College of Physicians Editor(s): Pradyumma D Phatak, MD

10. The National Eosinophilia Myalgia Syndrome Network Page Has Moved Information and support site for people who ingested LTrytophan in the 1980's and are suffering from EMS. http://www.angelfire.com/ga3/ems2hope

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" The National Eosinophilia Myalgia Syndrome Network page has moved. Please click on the hyperlink below to find the new site. http://www.nemsn.org

11. ClinicalTrials.gov - Information On Clinical Trials And Human Research Studies: Resources Help What's New About. Browse By Condition By Disease Heading Blood and Lymph Conditions eosinophilia. Include trials that are no longer recruiting patients. 3 studies were found. Conditions with Blood or Tissue eosinophilia. Conditions Asthma; eosinophilia; Helminthiasis; Hypersensitivity http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/screen/BrowseAny?path=/browse/by-condition/hier/BC1

12. EMedicine - Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome : Article By Shrilekha Sairam, MD, MBB eosinophiliaMyalgia Syndrome - In October 1989, the health department in New Mexico was notified of 3 patients with an unexplained acute illness characterized http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic693.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Rheumatology Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome Last Updated: August 2, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: EMS, eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, toxic oil syndrome, TOS, L-tryptophan, tryptophan, polyneuropathy, cardiopulmonary disease, superimposed infection AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Shrilekha Sairam, MD, MBBS , Fellow, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Texas at Galveston Coauthor(s): Jeffrey R. Lisse, MD, FACP , Associate Chief, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Arizona School of Medicine Editor(s): Carlos J Lozada, MD , Director of Rheumatology Fellowship Program, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, University of Miami School of Medicine;

13. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 11, Ch. 136, Eosinophilic Disorders This Publication Is Searchable. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Section 11. Hematology And Oncology. General eosinophilia. Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome. eosinophilia. A peripheral blood eosinophil count 350/µL. The development of eosinophilia has features of an immune response a primary challenge with an agent http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section11/chapter136/136b.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 11. Hematology And Oncology Chapter 136. Eosinophilic Disorders Topics [General] Eosinophilia Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Eosinophilia The development of eosinophilia has features of an immune response: a primary challenge with an agent such as Trichinella spiralis invokes a primary response with relatively low levels of eosinophils, whereas repeated challenges result in an augmented or secondary eosinophilic response. Factors that decrease the eosinophil count include -blockers, corticosteroids, stress, and (sometimes) bacterial and viral infections. Several compounds released by mast cells and basophils as a consequence of antigenic coupling of IgE molecules on their surface are chemotactic for eosinophils: eg, eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, leukotriene B4, complement complex (C567), and histamine (over a narrow range of concentration). Etiology Eosinophilia may be primary or secondary to an underlying disorder (see Table 136-1 ). In the USA

14. Eosinophilia-Myalgia: Advocacy, Information, Support Advocacy, information, and support for those with eosinophiliaMyalgia (EMS). http://www.swiftsite.com/eosinophilia-myalgia/

EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA SYNDROME Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome (EMS) is a rare, multi-systemic, chronic, autoimmune disease caused by ingestion of impure L-tryptophan, an amino acid dietary supplement. Many Americans used this supplement during the 1980s, often upon the advice of a physician, for medical problems such as trouble sleeping, chronic pain, and depression; however, an Epidemic of a novel illness, which came to be called Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome, occurred in 1989 into early 1990. The overwhelming majority of persons who got sick with EMS had ingested contaminated L-Tryptophan eventually traced to one large petrochemical company, Showa Denko K.K., of Japan. Bottle labeling did not indicate the raw product originated overseas, and nobody in this country or elsewhere, it seems, was told that genetic engineering had been used to make the L-Tryptophan. Although five to ten thousand Americans (and many scores in various other nations) were probably affected, approximately 2,000 Americans were seriously injured, many of whom continue to suffer with a variety of symptoms: chronic pain, cognitive dysfunction, muscle weakness and spasms, and many others. Since about 1996, research has slowed to a near standstill. Fewer studies at any time involve EMS, a toxin-induced disease. EMS is on the verge of becoming a mere footnote in medical history: Therefore, I call EMS "The Forgotten Disease" just as the Korean War is often called "The Forgotten War."

15. Eosinophilia-Myalgia Advocacy, Information, Support eosinophiliaMYALGIA SYNDROME. eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome (EMS) is a rare, multi-systemic, chronic, autoimmune disease caused by ingestion of impure L-tryptophan, an amino acid dietary supplement . http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.eosinophilia-myalgia.net/&y=023F

16. Www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Eosinophilia More results from www.nlm.nih.gov eosinophilia eosinophilia. Written by M Y Karim, lecturer in immunology. But in certain diseases these proteins can damage the body. What is eosinophilia? http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Eosinophilia

17. Eosinophilia-Myalgia: Advocacy, Information, Support Offers Advocacy, information, and support for EMS. http://www.Eosinophilia-Myalgia.net

EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA SYNDROME Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome (EMS) is a rare, multi-systemic, chronic, autoimmune disease caused by ingestion of impure L-tryptophan, an amino acid dietary supplement. Many Americans used this supplement during the 1980s, often upon the advice of a physician, for medical problems such as trouble sleeping, chronic pain, and depression; however, an Epidemic of a novel illness, which came to be called Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome, occurred in 1989 into early 1990. The overwhelming majority of persons who got sick with EMS had ingested contaminated L-Tryptophan eventually traced to one large petrochemical company, Showa Denko K.K., of Japan. Bottle labeling did not indicate the raw product originated overseas, and nobody in this country or elsewhere, it seems, was told that genetic engineering had been used to make the L-Tryptophan. Although five to ten thousand Americans (and many scores in various other nations) were probably affected, approximately 2,000 Americans were seriously injured, many of whom continue to suffer with a variety of symptoms: chronic pain, cognitive dysfunction, muscle weakness and spasms, and many others. Since about 1996, research has slowed to a near standstill. Fewer studies at any time involve EMS, a toxin-induced disease. EMS is on the verge of becoming a mere footnote in medical history: Therefore, I call EMS "The Forgotten Disease" just as the Korean War is often called "The Forgotten War."

18. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 11, Ch. 136, Eosinophilic Disorders eosinophilia. Almost any parasitic invasion of tissues can elicit eosinophilia, but protozoa and noninvasive metazoa usually do not. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section11/chapter136/136b.jsp

19. NEJM -- Abnormal Clones Of T Cells Producing Interleukin-5 In Idiopathic Eosinop Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine Abnormal Clones of T Cells Producing Interleukin5 in Idiopathic eosinophilia Background The cause of persistent eosinophilia and the http://www.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/341/15/1112

HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Please sign in for full text and personal services Previous Volume 341:1112-1120 October 7, 1999 Number 15 Next A correction has been published: N Engl J Med 1999;341(22):1708 Abnormal Clones of T Cells Producing Interleukin-5 in Idiopathic Eosinophilia Full Text PDF Editorial by Bain, B. J. ... Chapters at Harrison's ABSTRACT Background The cause of persistent eosinophilia and the hypereosinophilic syndrome is unknown. Recent work suggests that in some patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome, a clone of abnormal T cells produces large amounts of interleukin-5, a cytokine required for the growth and differentiation of eosinophils. We examined and in vitro production of cytokines by T cells from patients with idiopathic eosinophilia. Methods The expression of surface molecules on T cells was measured by flow cytometry. Cytokine expression was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical analysis. To identify dominant (clonal) rearrangements of the T-cell receptor within the lymphocyte population, Southern blot

20. Clinical And Molecular Allergy | Abstract | 1476-7961-2-7 | Eosinophilia In A Pa eosinophilia in a patient with cyclical vomiting a case report Billy H Copeland , Omolola Aramide , Salim Wehbe , S. Matthew Fitzgerald and Guha Krishnaswamy http://www.clinicalmolecularallergy.com/content/2/1/7

Home Browse articles Search Weblinks ... Volume 2 Viewing options Abstract PDF Other links: E-mail to a friend Download references Post a comment PubMed record ... Related articles in PubMed Search PubMed For Copeland BH Aramide O Wehbe S Fitzgerald SM ... Krishnaswamy G Key E-mail Case Report Eosinophilia in a patient with cyclical vomiting: a case report Billy H Copeland Omolola Aramide Salim Wehbe S. Matthew Fitzgerald and Guha Krishnaswamy Clinical and Molecular Allergy Abstract (provisional) Background Eosinophilic gastritis is related to eosinophilic gastroenteritis, varying only in regards to the extent of disease and small bowel involvement. Common symptoms reported are similar to our patient's including: abdominal pain, epigastric pain, anorexia, bloating, weight loss, diarrhea, ankle edema, dysphagia, melaena and postprandial nausea and vomiting. Microscopic features of eosinophilic infiltration usually occur in the lamina propria or submucosa with perivascular aggregates. The disease is likely mediated by eosinophils activated by various cytokines and chemokines. Therapy centers around the use of immunosuppressive agents and dietary therapy if food allergy is a factor. Case presentation The patient is a 31 year old Caucasian female with a past medical history significant for ulcerative colitis. She presented with recurrent bouts of vomiting, abdominal pain and chest discomfort of 11 months duration. The bouts of vomiting had been reoccurring every 7-10 days, with each episode lasting for 1-3 days. This was associated with extreme weakness and cachexia. Gastric biopsies revealed intense eosinophilic infiltration. The patient responded to glucocorticoids and azathioprine. The differential diagnosis and molecular pathogenesis of eosinophilic gastritis as well as the molecular effects of glucocorticoids in eosinophilic disorders are discussed.

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