101. Encephalitis - Nervous System Diseases Health Guide An overview of encephalitis, a viral infection, or an inflammation, of the brain. Nervous System Diseases. encephalitis. What is encephalitis? http://www.umm.edu/nervous/encephal.htm

Nervous System Diseases Nervous System Disorders... Alzheimer's Disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ... Index Nervous System Diseases Encephalitis What is encephalitis? Encephalitis is a term used to describe inflammation of the brain. This condition causes problems with the brain and spinal cord function. The inflammation causes the brain to swell, which leads to changes in the person's neurologic condition, including mental confusion and seizures. What causes encephalitis? The cause of encephalitis varies depending on the season, the area of the country, and the type of exposure. Viruses are the leading cause of encephalitis. Although vaccines for many viruses, including measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox have greatly lowered the rate of encephalitis from these diseases, other viruses can cause encephalitis. These include herpes simplex virus and rabies. Encephalitis can also occur following infection by disease-carrying agents including ticks (Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever), mosquitoes (West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis), and cats (toxoplasmosis and cat-scratch disease). What are the symptoms of encephalitis?

102. Shaken Baby Syndrome Or Vaccine-Induced Encephalitis? Shaken Baby Syndrome or VaccineInduced encephalitis? Many infants vaccines. Shaken Baby Syndrome or Vaccine-Induced encephalitis? New http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/shakenbabysyndrome.htm

Shaken Baby Syndrome or Vaccine-Induced Encephalitis? New Scientist recently published a study that challenges the widely held view that only extreme violence causes shaken baby syndrome and calls into question the scientific evidence behind many convictions for killing infants. Many parents have been charged with murder for allegedly shaking their babies to death, but medical evidence suggests that vaccinations are to blame in a large number of these cases. "Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) commonly describes a combination of subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage, and diffuse axonal injury (DAI) as the triad of diagnostic criteria. In some, the presence of rib or other fractures is also taken as a sign of abuse. The basic issue to be reviewed here is whether or not in some instances in which a father, family member, or caretaker has been accused of causing the death of an infant or child from the SBS, the true cause of death was a catastrophic vaccine reaction. Few published studies on vaccine effects include before-and-after studies of immune parameters or brain function studies such as electroencephalograms, or long-term safety monitoring. Inadequate consideration has been given to the additive or synergistic adverse effects of multiple simultaneous vaccines, although in the case of toxic chemicals, two compounds together may be 10 times more toxic than either separately, or 3 compounds 100 times more toxic." Harold E. Buttram, MD

103. Arboviruses: La Crosse Encephalitis (LAC) Arboviruses. La Crosse encephalitis. La Crosse is the most common arbovirus affecting North Carolinians. It is found predominantly http://www.epi.state.nc.us/epi/arbovirus/lac.html

Epidemiology is part of Public Health in North Carolina Topics A-Z Biological Agents Registry Communicable Disease Control ... CDC Health Topics Arboviruses La Crosse encephalitis La Crosse is the most common arbovirus affecting North Carolinians. It is found predominantly in the western part of the state. Symptoms occur from a few days to a couple of weeks after being bitten by an infected mosquito. These symptoms include fever, headache, nausea and vomiting. In more severe cases, convulsions, tremors and coma can occur. Children under 16 years of age and the elderly are the most susceptible to the disease. There are, on average, 70 cases of La Crosse virus annually in America. In 2002, North Carolina had 20 cases of La Crosse. La Crosse is rarely fatal, although a Transylvania County girl died from the disease in 2001. The best defense against LAC infection is to avoid mosquito bites. Reduce time spent outdoors, particularly in early morning and early evening hours when mosquitoes are most active; wear light-colored long pants and long-sleeved shirts; and apply mosquito repellent to exposed skin areas.

104. Monitoring Birds For Encephalitis West Nile Virus encephalitis. General Information. West Nile Virus, also called West Nile Fever, is a new disease to North America. Louis encephalitis. http://www.wbu.com/chipperwoods/photos/encephalitis.htm

Web sponsorship and design courtesy of Wild Birds Unlimited, Inc Home Welcome Español ... Bird Photos Species Accounts Conservation Issues Banding Summary Newsletter Just for Kids Bird Problems? ... Links Checklists Indiana Birds Indiana Mammals Indiana Reptiles Indiana Amphibians ... Join CWBO General Information West Nile Virus, also called West Nile Fever, is a new disease to North America. It is caused by a Flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex that also includes diseases with exotic names such as Cacipacore, Koutango, Kunjin, Murray Valley Encephalitis (Australia), Rocio, Usutu, Yaounde and of course our own St. Louis encephalitis. It is one of the 100 or so arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) that infect humans, and except for Urban Yellow Fever and Dengue fever, humans are accidental hosts. Western equine encephalitis, (WEE), Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) also occur in the Americas. As the following photos show, birds act as a natural reservoir for these viruses, and mosquitoes of the Culex genus transmit them when the feed on infected birds, then on healthy birds. Eventually, the infection amplifies to a point that infected mosquitoes begin to transmit the virus to humans, horses and other animals called dead-end hosts. West Nile Virus is an old world disease described from such far flung regions as Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Oceana. It first appeared in the US in the New York City area in 1999. How it arrived here is a mystery that will probably never be solved. A tremendous number of people and associated cargo arrive in the New York City area each year. It could have arrived with an infected mosquito, an infected person, or an infected bird. Once the virus is transmitted to resident birds and mosquitoes, it is established in the new world.

105. Virus Diseases encephalitis, Arbovirus. Tickborne encephalitis virus group, Flaviviridae - ICTVdB. Climate and Tickborne encephalitis E Lindgren - Stockholm Univ. (SE). http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/C02.html

search search staff sitemap ABOUT KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET ... print this page Diseases and Disorders Links pertaining to Virus Diseases Alert! Patients and laypersons looking for guidance among the target sources of this collection of links are strongly advised to review the information retrieved with their professional health care provider. Start Page Contents: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adenoviridae Infections ... Yellow Fever Virus Diseases What The Heck is a Virus [JC Brown] - Kansas U. (US) About Viral Pathogenesis - Univ of Leicester (UK), and some more [Baron et al.] - Medical Microbiology Textbook Virus Structure - Molecular Expressions/Florida State Univ. (US) Principles of Virus Architecture [L Stannard] - (ZA) Virus Structure Resource [old pages] - Fuller Group, via Heidelberg (DE) Virology [text book chapter; M and R Hunt] - Univ of South Carolina (US) Search the Universal Virus Database of ICTV , the Catalogue of Viruses , and a collection of

106. St. Louis Encephalitis - Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) SECTION I INFECTIOUS AGENT. NAME St. Louis encephalitis. SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE SEV, SELV, Mosquito-borne encephalitis, arbovirus, viral encephalitis. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/msds-ftss/msds174e.html

Material Safety Data Sheets - Index MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: St. Louis encephalitis SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: SEV, SELV, Mosquito-borne encephalitis, arbovirus, viral encephalitis CHARACTERISTICS: Family Flaviviridae (formerly Togaviridae), Flavivirus genus; 40-50 nm diameter, enveloped, positive sense ssRNA; Member of Japanese encephalitis (JE) antigenic complex SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Acute inflammatory disease of short duration involving brain, spinal cord and meninges; most infections are asymptomatic; severe infections marked by acute onset, headache, high fever, nausea, myalgia, and malaise, followed by meningeal signs, stupor, coma, convulsions and paralysis; children may develop urinary tract symptoms; severity increases with age, over 60 has the highest rate of acute encephalitis; fatality rate of 2-22%; HIV infection may be a risk factor; 30-50% of severe cases have prolonged convalescence. EPIDEMIOLOGY: St. Louis encephalitis occurs in Northern, Southern and Central America; cases occur in temperate latitudes in summer and early fall and are commonly limited to areas and years of high temperature and many mosquitoes

107. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus - Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES. SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT. NAME Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. SYNONYM http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/msds-ftss/msds162e.html

Material Safety Data Sheets - Index MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT NAME: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, VEE, Venezuelan equine fever, arbovirus CHARACTERISTICS: Togaviridae , alphavirus; 70 nm diameter, ssRNA, enveloped; enzootic subtypes and epizootic varieties of subtype 1 SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Influenza-like manifestations; abrupt onset of severe headache, chills, fever, myalgia, retro-orbital pain, nausea and vomiting; conjunctival and pharyngeal injection; most infections mild with symptoms 3-5 days; some cases have diphasic fever, CNS involvement, encephalitis with disorientation, convulsions, paralysis, coma and death EPIDEMIOLOGY: Endemic in northern South America, Trinidad, Central America, Mexico and Florida; appear as epizootics principally in Northern and Southwestern America; in 1970-71, spread through Central America into the USA; children are at greatest risk for developing CNS infections HOST RANGE: Humans, horses

108. Encephalitis encephalitis. encephalitis is a swelling of the brain tissue. In rare cases, they can get into the brain and cause encephalitis. http://www.cedars-sinai.edu/5589.html

Home Medical Dictionary Contact Us About Us ... Encephalitis Encephalitis Encephalitis is a swelling of the brain tissue. It can be very serious, sometimes causing death. People often recover fully within a couple of weeks. Others, especially children and older people, may have permanent problems. Problems include seizures (brief attacks affecting muscle control, movement, speech and more), memory loss, personality changes or brain damage. A person's chances of dying from the disease or having permanent problems after recovery depend on the cause, seriousness, the person's age and how quickly the illness developed. Depending on the virus (disease-carrying agent) that causes the condition, the death rate ranges from one to 80 percent in the United States. Symptoms The condition usually starts with sudden fever and a severe headache. Other signs include: Abnormal sensitivity to light Nausea and vomiting Stiff neck and back Lack of energy, feeling sluggish Drowsiness Seizures or tremors (shaking) Personality change Loss of memory Trouble learning and understanding Restlessness, confused speech, confused thinking

109. Table Of Case-fatality Rate Of Post-vaccinial Encephalitis Table of casefatality rate of post-vaccinial encephalitis Postvaccinal encephalitis Smallpox vaccine and post-vaccinal encephalomyelitis. http://www.whale.to/m/encephalitis.html

Table of case-fatality rate of post-vaccinial encephalitis Postvaccinal Encephalitis Smallpox vaccine and post-vaccinal encephalomyelitis Country Years Ref Deaths Cases Netherlands Netherlands Austria Hamburg Bavaria Basle Germany Germany (Bundesgebiet) Switzerland German Federal Republic German Federal Republic New York Scotland England and Wales England and Wales England and Wales England and Wales England and Wales USA probably USA USA a b b c d e f f g c h i j k l m n n o p q TOTAL a. Jitta (1930) b. Herrlich (1952). c. Seelemann (1960). d. Herrlich et al (1954). e. Muller (1946). f. Winkle and Salchow (1956). g. Stuart (1947). h. Herrlich (1964). i. Greenberg (1948). j. Anderosn and McKenzie (1942). k. Report (1925). m. Report (1930). n. Conybeare (1946). o. Kempe (1960). p. Sussman and Grossman (1965). q. Neff (1965). (Ref: Sir Graham Wilson (Hazards of Immunization p171)

110. Best Practice Medicine- Professional Reference - Viral Viral encephalitis (including the West Nile virus). by Robert R McKendall, MD, Best Practice of Medicine. February 2004. Last modified February 10, 2004. http://merck.praxis.md/index.asp?page=bpm_brief&article_id=BPM01ID01

111. Encephalitis encephalitis A Guide for Travelers. Excerpted from Virginia Dept of Health, where you can find much more information. Japanese encephalitis. Causes. http://www.scaruffi.com/travel/encephal.html

Encephalitis A Guide for Travelers Excerpted from Virginia Dept of Health , where you can find much more information. Japanese Encephalitis Causes Japanese encephalitis is a rare but potentially severe viral disease that is spread by infected mosquitoes in the agricultural regions of China and Korea. It is one of several mosquito-borne virus diseases that can affect the central nervous system and cause severe complications and death. Encephalitis means inflammation of the brain. Primary encephalitis is an illness in which an infectious agent, such as a bacteria or virus, directly invades the brain. The illness is often carried to humans from mosquitoes and ticks. Symptoms: Encephalitis frequently presents with severe headache, convulsions (seizures), stiff neck, inability to look at bright lights, double vision, difficulty walking, problems with speech or hearing, difficulty moving an arm or leg, loss of sensation anywhere in the body, personality changes, problems in memory, extreme drowsiness, loss of consciousness. Treatment A person with encephalitis needs hospital care. Since antibiotics are not effective against viruses, they are not used to treat encephalitis.

112. RxList Advertisement. Enter your email for the Diseases newsletter, Unsubscribe. Diseases Diseases encephalitis. Feature Story, No Feature story found at this time. http://www.healthscout.com/template.asp?page=channel&ap=419&cid=1056&subcid=9070

113. Information About Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Communicable Diseases and Epidemiology Japanese encephalitis fact sheet. What is Japanese encephalitis? Japanese encephalitis Vaccine (JEVAX). http://www.metrokc.gov/health/prevcont/encephalitis.htm

Site Directory Public Health Webpage Directory For Care Providers Care Providers Homepage For Educators Health Educators Toolbox About Us Employee Directory Contact Us Public Health 999 3rd Ave, Ste. 1200 Seattle, WA 98104 Phone: 206-296-4600 TTY: 206-296-4931 Click here to email us Subscribe to Free Email Alerts! Click here to learn more Successful Search Tips Home Communicable disease facts Japanese Encephalitis Communicable Diseases and Epidemiology Japanese Encephalitis fact sheet What is Japanese Encephalitis? Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine (JE-VAX) Vaccination during pregnancy Immunization schedule ... Reactions What is Japanese Encephalitis? Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne arboviral infection and is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. It is transmitted in a cycle between Culex mosquitoes and certain animals (chiefly domesticated pigs and wading birds); humans are an incidental host. Risk for acquiring JE among most travelers to Asia is extremely low; however, the risk of transmission is higher in rural areas, especially where pigs are raised and where rice paddies, marshes and standing pools of water provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes and feed for birds. Risk for an individual traveler is highly variable and depends on factors such as the season, locations and duration of travel, and activities of the traveler. Infections with JE lead to encephalitis in only 1 of 300 cases, with a fatality rate of 25% and neuropsychiatric sequelae in 30% of cases. Limited data indicate that JE acquired during the first or second trimesters of pregnancy causes intrauterine infection and miscarriage. Infections during the third trimester of pregnancy have not been associated with adverse outcomes in newborns. Advanced age may also be a risk factor for developing symptomatic illness after JE infection.

114. Encephalitis Definition And Picture encephalitis Picture. encephalitis. encephalitis is an inflammation (irritation and swelling with presence of extra immune cells) of http://health-pictures.com/encephalitis-picture.htm

Health Related Pictures and Definitions From the Consumer Health Information Network WWW http://www.health-pictures.com/ If you are not familiar with Cetyl Myristoleate for arthritis then you need ot visit this site. Home Pictures and Photos Encephalitis Picture Encephalitis Encephalitis is an inflammation (irritation and swelling with presence of extra immune cells) of the brain, usually caused by infections. Check out websites on cancer cystic fibrosis and arthritis This web site is intended for your own informational purposes only. No person or entity associated with this web site purports to be engaging in the practice of medicine through this medium. The information you receive is not intended as a substitute for the advice of a physician or other health care professional. If you have an illness or medical problem, contact your health care provider. var sc_project=247934; sister site

115. Encephalitis Increase Linked To Pesticide Use Are Mosquito Spray Pesticides Worsening the encephalitis Problem? Impact of naled (Dibrom 14) on the mosquito vectors of eastern equine encephalitis virus. http://www.chem-tox.com/brevard/encephalitis/

Are Mosquito Spray Pesticides Worsening the Encephalitis Problem? The following research provides the strongest evidence to date linking pesticide applications with increasing the incidence of encephalitis carrying mosquitoes. We will be ordering the complete article and placing a detailed summary on this site once it arrives. We are requesting that concerned citizens read through the article and write a letter to the editor to their local paper regarding this topic. Impact of naled (Dibrom 14) on the mosquito vectors of eastern equine encephalitis virus. SOURCE: Journal of the Am Mosquito Control Assoc , Dec;13(4):315-25, 1997 Howard JJ, Oliver New York State Department of Health, SUNY-College ESF, Syracuse 13210, USA. CHEM-TOX COMMENTS: The above research provides strong evidence of how mosquito control pesticides (once applied to a "pristine" wildlife habitat) can then result in a dramatic increase in the incidence rate of encephalitis carrying mosquitoes in the area. While this research only shows "what is happening" - the next research would suggest investigations into "why it is happening." Current theories regarding this issue include: 1) Weakening of Wildlife Immune Systems Due to the recent increase in journal articles finding that low level chemical exposures can decrease the quality of mammalian immune system function, it is quite reasonable to expect wildlife in this immune weakened state to contract encephalitis more frequently. Therefore, one would also expect to see an increase in the numbers of mosquitoes developing encephalitis (since their chance of biting encephalitis infected wildlife has also increased).

116. Notifiable Condition: Viral Encephalitis Access Washington Logo linking to Access Washington Home Page. Viral encephalitis. Saint Louis encephalitis has also occurred in Washington State. http://www.doh.wa.gov/Notify/nc/encephalitis.htm

You are here: DOH Home Notifiable Conditions » Viral Encephalitis Index Search Employees Site Directory: Notifiable Conditions: Viral Encephalitis Other links concerning Notifiable Conditions Local Health Jurisdictions How to Report a Notifiable Condition Reporting Forms Glossary ... EpiTrends Posters PDF documents require the free Acrobat Reader. Click here to download a copy Viral Encephalitis Viral Encephalitis in Washington State The last human case of arthropod-borne viral encephalitis reported in Washington was western equine encephalitis in 1988. Saint Louis encephalitis has also occurred in Washington State. Purpose of Reporting and Surveillance To distinguish arboviral infections acquired locally from those related to travel. To better understand the epidemiology of these infections in Washington State and target mosquito control measures. To identify emerging arboviral infections in Washington, including West Nile virus.

117. Uhrad.com - Neuroradiology Imaging Teaching Files uhrad.com Neuroradiology Imaging Teaching Files. Case Seventy One - Herpes encephalitis. Diagnosis Herpes encephalitis. Discussion http://www.uhrad.com/mriarc/mri071.htm

uhrad.com - Neuroradiology Imaging Teaching Files Case Seventy One - Herpes Encephalitis Click on Images for Enlarged View Clinical History: Hypodense lesion seen on CT examination. Questioning the presence of an infarct or tumor in a patient with mental status changes. Findings: Region of edema and abnormal signal in the right insula and right temporal lobe. No evidence of abnormal enhancement is identified in this region of abnormality. Diagnosis: Herpes encephalitis. Discussion: Herpes encephalitis is typically caused by herpes simplex virus 2 in the neonatal population. Herpes simplex virus 1 is responsible for this entity in children and adults due to activation of a latent infection in the gasserian ganglion. This is the most common cause of a viral encephalitis. Pathologically, this is a fulminant hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalitic process. The neonatal form of this disease is typically a diffuse, nonfocal infectious process. In the adult form, a predilection for the limbic system, particularly the temporal lobe, singulate gyrus, or subfrontal region is characteristic. Imaging with CT or MRI may be performed with MRI being more sensitive than CT. Both of these examinations are typically normal with early disease onset. Although, on MR examination, early findings of edema as evidenced by decreased signal on T1 weighted imaging and increased signal on T2 weighted imaging may be found. The edema often extends into the insular cortex with sparing of the putamen. Post Gadolinium enhancement in this region is unusual in the early stages. In the late stage of disease, typically one to two weeks following onset of disease, the contralateral temporal lobe, insula, or singulate gyrus may become infected. Contrast enhancement and changes of subacute hemorrhages may be seen. The late sequelae of herpes simplex encephalitis includes encephalomalacia, atrophy, and dystrophic calcifications.

118. Virtual Hospital : Health Topics A-Z : Encephalitis encephalitis. All Topics Adult Patient Topics Adult Provider Topics Pediatric Patient Topics Pediatric Provider Topics. For Adult Providers. http://www.vh.org/navigation/vh/topics/adult_provider_encephalitis.html

Health Topics A-Z Encephalitis All Topics Adult Patient Topics Adult Provider Topics Pediatric Patient Topics ... Pediatric Provider Topics For Adult Providers Infectious Diseases of the Central Nervous System University of Iowa Family Practice Handbook: CNS Infection All Topics Adult Patient Topics ... UI Health Care Home http://www.vh.org/navigation/vh/topics/adult_provider_encephalitis.html

119. Encephalitis encephalitis. encephalitis means inflammation of the brain. The viral. Ordinarily, mild viral encephalitis is harmless to the patient. http://www.drhull.com/EncyMaster/E/encephalitis.html

Help for sleepless parents Encyclopedia Index E encephalitis Search encephalitis Encephalitis means inflammation of the brain. The usual cause is infection, and the usual infection is viral . Ordinarily, mild viral encephalitis is harmless to the patient. It probably happens routinely with common viral infections like influenza. Rarely, severe viral encephalitis, potentially fatal, can occur with more unusual infections, for example equine encephalitis (spread by mosquitoes) or Herpes encephalitis. Most rare is rabies. Symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, and photophobia (light bothers the patients eyes). Since these symptoms could herald more serious meningitis, immediate medical attention is needed. A lumbar puncture confirms the diagnosis. There is of course no specific treatment

120. Encephalitis And Meningitis encephalitis and Meningitis. encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. There are many types of encephalitis, most of which are caused by viral infection. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/921725814.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Neurology By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Encephalitis and Meningitis Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. There are many types of encephalitis, most of which are caused by viral infection. Symptoms include sudden fever, headache, vomiting, photophobia (abnormal visual sensitivity to light), stiff neck and back, confusion, drowsiness, clumsiness, unsteady gait, and irritability. Symptoms that require emergency treatment include loss of consciousness, poor responsiveness, seizures, muscle weakness, sudden severe dementia, memory loss, withdrawal from social interaction, and impaired judgement. Meningitis is an infection of the membranes (called meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms, which may appear suddenly, often include high fever, severe and persistent headache, stiff neck, nausea, and vomiting. Changes in behavior such as confusion, sleepiness, and difficulty waking up are extremely important symptoms and may require emergency treatment. In infants symptoms of meningitis may include irritability or tiredness, poor feeding and fever. Meningitis may be caused by many different viruses and bacteria. Viral meningitis cases are usually self-limited to 10 days or less. Some types of meningitis can be deadly if not treated promptly. Anyone experiencing symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis should see a doctor immediately.

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