21. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 3, Ch. 20, Esophageal Disorders way down, which may be accompanied by pain. dysphagia is caused by impeded transport of liquids and solids by organic The cause of dysphagia should always be carefully sought. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section3/chapter20/20b.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 3. Gastrointestinal Disorders Chapter 20. Esophageal Disorders Topics [General] Dysphagia Chest Pain Of Esophageal Origin Cricopharyngeal Incoordination ... Infectious Esophageal Disorders Dysphagia A subjective awareness of difficulty in swallowing caused by impaired progression of matter from pharynx to stomach. The usual complaint is that food "gets stuck" on the way down, which may be accompanied by pain. Dysphagia is caused by impeded transport of liquids and solids by organic lesions of the pharynx, esophagus, and adjacent organs or by functional derangements of the nervous system and musculature. The cause of dysphagia should always be carefully sought. PREESOPHAGEAL DYSPHAGIA Difficulty emptying bolus material from the oral pharynx into the esophagus. Preesophageal dysphagia occurs with abnormal function proximal to the esophagus, most often in patients with neurologic or muscular disorders that affect skeletal muscles (eg, dermatomyositis, myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson's disease, oculogyric crises associated with phenothiazine therapy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, bulbar poliomyelitis, pseudobulbar palsy, other CNS lesions). The patient frequently presents with nasal regurgitation or tracheal aspiration followed by coughing. ESOPHAGEAL DYSPHAGIA Difficulty passing food down the esophagus, possibly caused by obstructive or motor disorders.

22. Dysphagia Research Society Home Page http://www.als.uiuc.edu/drs/default.html

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23. Dysphagia Institute The MCW dysphagia Institute is a multidisciplinary team committed to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with swallowing disorders. dysphagia Institute. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/914645127.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Digestive System By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Dysphagia Institute Dysphagia Institute Focuses on Swallowing Disorders Dysphagia , or difficulty in swallowing, affects approximately one out of every 17 persons. There are many possible causes of dysphagia and therefore the symptoms vary widely among individuals. One individual may have mild throat discomfort when swallowing, while another may be unable to eat any solid foods comfortably. Dysphagia often signals a serious medical problem. If one has persistent difficulty in swallowing, it's very important that a diagnosis be made early. In cases where dysphagia is a warning sign of an illness, early diagnosis offers the best chance of successful treatment. A Leading Midwest Center The MCW Dysphagia Institute at Froedtert Hospital is a multi-disciplinary team committed to the diagnosis, research and treatment of patients with swallowing disorders. The Institute and its faculty have achieved international recognition for their basic and clinical research in swallowing disorders conducted over the last 20 years. The Institute's comprehensive and sophisticated facilities, which are available to help patients with swallowing difficulties, are unique in the Midwest. Today, the Institute encompasses a clinical division for evaluating patients, and a research division, which has been continuously supported by grant funds from the National Institutes of Health and other federal funding agencies.

24. SwetsWise: Login www.swetswise.com/link/access_db?issn=0179051X Swallowing Disorders dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) can be either a structural or a functional problem; either can cause obstruction, misdirection of the food bolus, or http://www.swetswise.com/link/access_db?issn=1432-0460

25. EMedicine - Dysphagia : Article By Nam-Jong Paik, MD, PhD dysphagia dysphagia is a Greek word that means disordered eating. Typically, dysphagia refers to difficulty in eating as a result http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/topic194.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Stroke Dysphagia Last Updated: July 3, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: swallowing disorders, deglutition disorders AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Nam-Jong Paik, MD, PhD , Assistant Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea Nam-Jong Paik, MD, PhD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine Editor(s): Milton J Klein, DO , Consulting Staff, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sewickley Valley Hospital and Ohio Valley General Hospital; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD , Senior Pharmacy Editor, Pharmacy, eMedicine; Richard Salcido, MD , Chairman, Erdman Professor of Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Kelly L Allen, MD

26. The DRM WebWatcher: Dysphagia dysphagia. Updated 1/2004. dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing) can result from a wide variety of disorders. For information about dysphagia, check these sites. http://www.disabilityresources.org/DYSPHAGIA.html

Home WebWatcher Regional Librarians ... Contact Us The DRM WebWatcher Dysphagia Updated 1/2004 A B C D ... About/Hint/Link Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing) can result from a wide variety of disorders . For information about dysphagia, check these sites. Dysphagia A list of discussion groups from Judith Kuster's guide to resources about communication disorders. Dysphagia Research Society Information about this professional society, and related links. Dysphagia Resource Center This guide to Internet resources about swallowing and swallowing disorders includes vendors, mailing lists, case studies, conferences, diseases, organizations, tutorials, articles, research and more. Related subjects: Communication Disorders Digestive Disorders specific disorders (c) 1997-2000 Disability Resources, inc.

27. CSD Homepage - Identification Of Swallowing Patterns Associated With Dysphagia Identification of Swallowing Patterns Associated with dysphagia Child dysphagia Lateral View; Adult Aspiration and Delayed Swallow - Lateral View; http://www.d.umn.edu/csd/video/swallowing.htm

Search People Departments Identification of Swallowing Patterns Associated with Dysphagia Mark Mizuko, Rachel Komarek, John Hatten, (University of Minnesota Duluth) (St.Mary's/Duluth Clinic Health Systems) UM Technology Enhanced Learning Project Description Information about using QuickTime technology presented at TechFest 2001 If you have difficulty viewing the video samples, you may need to download Quicktime at http://www.apple.com/quicktime/information/get.html Times since June 1, 1998 this page has been accessed: 35394 Normal Swallow In order for students in the field of Speech Pathology to understand, diagnose and provide treatment for persons with dysphagia, there must first be a thorough understanding of a "normal" swallow. The act of deglutition is divided into four phases: Oral Preparatory Phase - food is manipulated in the mouth and masticated (chewed) if necessary in order to reduce food to a consistency which can be swallowed. Oral Phase - the tongue propels food posteriorly until the pharyngeal swallow is triggered.

28. University Of Chicago | Swallowing Disorders Swallowing Disorders (dysphagia). What Is It? People with dysphagia have difficulty swallowing and may also experience pain while swallowing. http://gi.bsd.uchicago.edu/diseases/other/swallowdisord.html

Diseases We Treat Colorectal and Other GI Cancers Inflammatory Bowel Disease Liver Disease ... Home Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) What Is It? People with dysphagia have difficulty swallowing and may also experience pain while swallowing. Some people may be completely unable to swallow or may have trouble swallowing liquids, foods, or saliva. Eating then becomes a challenge. Often, dysphagia makes it difficult to take in enough calories and fluids to nourish the body. Dysphagia occurs when there is a problem with any part of the swallowing process. Weak tongue or cheek muscles may make it hard to move food around in the mouth for chewing. Food pieces that are too large for swallowing may enter the throat and block the passage of air. Other problems include not being able to start the swallowing reflex (a stimulus that allows food and liquids to move safely through the pharynx) because of a stroke or other nervous system disorder. People with these kinds of problems are unable to begin the muscle movements that allow food to move from the mouth to the stomach. Another difficulty can occur when weak throat muscles cannot move all of the food toward the stomach. Bits of food can fall or be pulled into the windpipe (trachea), which may result in lung infection.

29. Evaluating Dysphagia - June 15, 2000 - American Academy Of Family Physicians AFP June 15, 2000. Evaluating dysphagia. MICHAEL R. SPIEKER, CAPT, MC, USN Naval Hospital, Jacksonville, Florida 8. TABLE 1 Differential Diagnoses of dysphagia. http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000615/3639.html

Advanced Search Evaluating Dysphagia MICHAEL R. SPIEKER, CAPT, MC, USN Naval Hospital, Jacksonville, Florida Dysphagia is a problem that commonly affects patients cared for by family physicians in the office, as hospital inpatients and as nursing home residents. Familiar medical problems, including cerebrovascular accidents, gastroesophageal reflux disease and medication-related side effects, often lead to complaints of dysphagia. Stroke patients are at particular risk of aspiration because of dysphagia. Classifying dysphagia as oropharyngeal, esophageal and obstructive, or neuromuscular symptom complexes leads to a successful diagnosis in 80 to 85 percent of patients. Based on the patient history and physical examination, barium esophagram and/or gastroesophageal endoscopy can confirm the diagnosis. Special studies and consultation with subspecialists can confirm difficult diagnoses and help guide treatment strategies. (Am Fam Physician 2000;61:3639-48.) C omplaints of dysphagia (difficult swallowing) are common, especially in aging persons. Approximately 7 to 10 percent of adults older than 50 years have dysphagia, although this number may be artificially low because many patients with this problem may never seek medical care.

30. Evaluation And Treatment Of Swallowing Impairments - April 15, 2000 - American A dysphagia. TABLE 1 Signs and Symptoms of dysphagia. Oral rest. TABLE 2 Selected Causes of Oral and Pharyngeal dysphagia. Neurologic http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2453.html

Advanced Search Evaluation and Treatment of Swallowing Impairments JEFFREY B. PALMER, M.D., and JENNIFER C. DRENNAN, M.S. Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland MIKOTO BABA, M.D., SC.D. Fujita Health University, Nagoya, Japan I mpaired swallowing, or dysphagia, can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Swallowing disorders are especially common in the elderly. The consequences of dysphagia include dehydration, starvation, aspiration pneumonia and airway obstruction. Dysphagia may result from or complicate disorders such as stroke, Parkinson's disease and cancer. Indeed, aspiration pneumonia is a common cause of death in hospitalized patients. This article reviews the basic concepts of normal and abnormal swallowing, methods of evaluating dysphagia, and treatment strategies, with emphasis on disorders of oral and pharyngeal swallowing. Physiology A swallow consists of four phases: oral preparatory, oral propulsive, pharyngeal and esophageal. Swallowing disorders are classified according to the affected phase. Swallowing is a complex act that involves the coordinated activity of the mouth, pharynx, larynx and esophagus

31. Dysphagia - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia dysphagia. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. dysphagia is the technical term for the symptom of the sensation of difficulty in swallowing. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphagia

Dysphagia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Dysphagia is the technical term for the symptom of the sensation of difficulty in swallowing . Dysphagia is usually a sign of underlying disease of the esophagus, which may be due to Gastroesophageal reflux disease , cancer, thyroid disease, stroke, or a number of other diseases. The problem is generally diagnosed on history, where difficulty on initition of swallowing suggests stroke or other neurologic disease, while dysphagia later in the course of swallowing suggests GERD, cancer, or a number of other medical conditions. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is usually performed as part of the evaluation of a patient with dysphagia. See also: stroke, degenerative neurological diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease), reflux disease, and esophageal achalasia This article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it Views Article Discussion Edit History Personal tools Log in Navigation Main Page Community portal Current events Recent changes ... Donations Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Special pages Other languages This page was last modified 02:53, 25 Apr 2004.

32. ClinicalTrials.gov - Information On Clinical Trials And Human Research Studies: Search results for dysphagia ALLFIELDS are shown below. 1. Recruiting, Comparison of Two Therapies for UES dysphagia Condition Deglutition Disorders. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/action/SearchAction?term=Dysphagia

33. Clinical Trial: Comparison Of Two Therapies For UES Dysphagia Comparison of Two Therapies for UES dysphagia. This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsored by. Traditional dysphagia Therapy Regime. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00059670?order=9

34. Dysphagia Diet 5 Levels Difficulty In Swallowing Diet dysphagia Diet 5 Levels Difficulty In Swallowing Diet. Purpose dysphagia means difficulty with chewing or swallowing food or liquid. http://www.gicare.com/pated/edtgs07.htm

Home Jackson Gastro Patient Education Dysphagia Diet 5 Levels Difficulty In Swallowing Diet Purpose Dysphagia means difficulty with chewing or swallowing food or liquid. To understand how this might happen, it is important to know something about how swallowing occurs. First, food must be chewed thoroughly. Then it is moved to the back of the mouth by tightening the cheek muscles and pressing the tongue against the roof of the mouth. From this point on the process becomes automatic it is a reflex that people do not actively control. In "rapid- fire" succession, the soft palate closes the nasal airway to prevent food from backing into it, the airway into the lungs is closed, and the esophagus (food pipe) relaxes allowing food and liquid to enter it. The muscular esophagus then contracts in a wave-like action, sweeping the food along into the stomach. A blockage or a malfunction anywhere in this part of the body or in the nervous system controlling swallowing can result in dysphagia. There are two types: Esophageal dysphagia occurs when food/liquid stops in the esophagus. This happens most often because of consistent stomach acid refluxing (backing up) into the esophagus. Over time, the reflux causes inflammation and a narrowing (stricture) of the esophagus. Food and eventually liquids feel like they are sticking in the middle and lower chest. There may be chest discomfort or even real pain. Fortunately, physicians can usually dilate (widen) this narrowing, and there is now treatment available to keep it from returning. Cancer, hiatus hernia, and certain muscle disorders of the esophagus are less frequent causes of esophageal dysphagia.

35. MIR Teaching File Case Pt008 After viewing the image(s), the Full history/Diagosis is available by using the link here or at the bottom of this page. Brief history dysphagia Images http://gamma.wustl.edu/pt008te262.html

36. MIR Teaching File Case Pt001 Brief history dysphagia and refux. Images Anterior and posterior reprojection images. View main image(pt) in a separate viewing box. View second image(fl). http://gamma.wustl.edu/pt001te273.html

37. Virtual Hospital : Health Topics A-Z : Dysphagia Health Topics AZ dysphagia. All Topics Adult Patient Topics Adult Provider Topics Pediatric Patient Topics Pediatric Provider Topics. For Adult Providers. http://www.vh.org/navigation/vh/topics/adult_provider_dysphagia.html

Health Topics A-Z Dysphagia All Topics Adult Patient Topics Adult Provider Topics Pediatric Patient Topics ... Pediatric Provider Topics For Adult Providers Bedside Logic in Diagnostic Gastroenterology: Trouble with Swallowing, and Heartburn Case-Based Learning in Gastroenterology and Hepatology: Esophageal Disorders Radiology Resident's Case of the Week: Dysphagia Lusoria All Topics ... UI Health Care Home http://www.vh.org/navigation/vh/topics/adult_provider_dysphagia.html

38. Virtual Hospital : Health Topics A-Z : Dysphagia Health Topics AZ dysphagia. All Topics Adult University of Iowa. All rights reserved. http//www.vh.org/navigation/vh/topics/dysphagia.html. http://www.vh.org/navigation/vh/topics/dysphagia.html

Health Topics A-Z Dysphagia All Topics Adult Patient Topics Adult Provider Topics Pediatric Patient Topics ... Pediatric Provider Topics For Adult Providers Bedside Logic in Diagnostic Gastroenterology: Trouble with Swallowing, and Heartburn Case-Based Learning in Gastroenterology and Hepatology: Esophageal Disorders Radiology Resident's Case of the Week: Dysphagia Lusoria Virtual Hospital Home ... UI Health Care Home http://www.vh.org/navigation/vh/topics/dysphagia.html

39. MUSC DDC - Symptoms Common Symptoms Swallowing Difficulties (dysphagia). The dysphagia of cancer is gradually progressive and continuous over a period of weeks and months. http://www.ddc.musc.edu/ddc_pub/digestiveProbs/symptoms/swallowing.htm

Search our web site. Select symptom from list below: Abdominal Pain Anal Itching Anemia Bloating and Gas Coccygodynnia Constipation Diarrhea Early Satiety Fissures Hematemesis Hemorrhoids Incontinence (leakage) Indigestion or Heartburn Jaundice Proctalgia Rectal Bleeding Swallowing Difficulties Ulcers Best viewed using Digestive Problems Common Symptoms - Swallowing Difficulties (Dysphagia) Swallowing is an active process. The esophagus (gullet) is not simply a passive tube that allows fluid and foods to pass down by gravity. Indeed it is possible to eat and drink standing on your head! Food is chewed in the mouth and then delivered through the "pharynx" through the upper esophageal sphincter (valve) into the esophagus itself. A wave of contraction by the muscular wall of the esophagus pushes fluid and food down to the lower esophageal sphincter (valve) at the junction with the stomach . This complicated process can be disturbed in many ways. Poor coordination of the muscular contractions of the esophagus cause "spasms," and intermittent brief obstructions (which can be painful).

40. Oral Pharyngeal Dysphagia Oral Pharyngeal dysphagia. Application of EMG Biofeedback in the Treatment of Oral Pharyngeal dysphagia. Bacon, MJ dysphagia Treatment A Clinical Forum. http://www.bfe.org/protocol/pro06eng.htm

Oral Pharyngeal Dysphagia Application of EMG Biofeedback in the Treatment of Oral Pharyngeal Dysphagia Maggie Lee Huckabee, M.A., CCC/SLP Senior Speech Language Pathologist Dysphagia Specialist Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA Introduction Treatment Protocol Treatment of oral-pharyngeal swallowing impairment relies on accurate diagnosis. Thus any treatment protocol should be preceded by a thorough diagnostic evaluation by a qualified speech language pathologist. Specific exercises for the treatment of neurophysiological deficits have been described in the dysphagia literature(1,10,11). The scope of this protocol does not include an exhaustive description of dysphagic abnormalities and the associated treatment strategies of choice. It will encompass description of those treatment strategies that are appreciably enhanced by biofeedback monitoring. Using MyoDac 2TM / MyoCompTM The MyoComp System, as well as other computer assisted EMG Biofeedback Systems, allows for long-term storage of patient biographical, insurance and medical information on a separate diskette. This is accessed through the database mode on the main menu. In addition, a progress note section enables the therapist to store session information regarding the nature of treatment provided, the patients response to treatment, and other pertinent information. This information can be added to the diskette before or after a session through the monitoring mode on the main menu.

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